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Carbon - The Unauthorised Biography - Versão redusida - 44m 08s
Uma biografia do elemento Carbono, explorando sua origem cósmica, seu papel essencial na vida e no planeta, e a crise climática atual provocada pelo desequilíbrio do ciclo do carbono.
Ficha Técnica
Título Original Carbon - The Unauthorised Biography
Gênero Documentário, Ciência, Natureza
Ano de Lançamento 2022
Duração 56 minutos
Países de Origem Coprodução entre Austrália, Canadá e Alemanha.
Direção Daniella Ortega e Niobe Thompson
Roteiro Daniella Ortega
Narração (Voz do Carbono) Sarah Snook (Succession)
Produtores Sonya Pemberton, Lucy Maclaren, Niobe Thompson
Produtoras Genepool Productions, Handful of Films
Especialistas Neil deGrasse Tyson (Astrofísico), Katharine Hayhoe (Cientista Climática), Tamara Davis (Astrofísica), Robert Hazen (Geólogo), David Christian (Historiador), entre outros.
Uma biografia do elemento Carbono, explorando sua origem cósmica, seu papel essencial na vida e no planeta, e a crise climática atual provocada pelo desequilíbrio do ciclo do carbono.
Ficha Técnica
Título Original Carbon - The Unauthorised Biography
Gênero Documentário, Ciência, Natureza
Ano de Lançamento 2022
Duração 56 minutos
Países de Origem Coprodução entre Austrália, Canadá e Alemanha.
Direção Daniella Ortega e Niobe Thompson
Roteiro Daniella Ortega
Narração (Voz do Carbono) Sarah Snook (Succession)
Produtores Sonya Pemberton, Lucy Maclaren, Niobe Thompson
Produtoras Genepool Productions, Handful of Films
Especialistas Neil deGrasse Tyson (Astrofísico), Katharine Hayhoe (Cientista Climática), Tamara Davis (Astrofísica), Robert Hazen (Geólogo), David Christian (Historiador), entre outros.
Categoria
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AprendizadoTranscrição
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01:35Não se culpem carbon.
01:39Não é a culpa de carbon.
01:41Carbon é profundamente importante no universo.
01:45Ela é o que nos faz possíveis.
01:47Nós somos natureza, porque somos feitos de carbono.
01:50Então é tudo o resto.
01:52Cada um de nós vive em um mundo de carbono.
01:57Temos que aprender a se juntar com carbono.
02:00Nada é mais urgente para a survival da civilização humana como sabemos
02:06do que compreendo carbono e onde ela gosta de esconder.
02:12Eu sou o mais falado, mas o menos entendido elemento na Terra.
02:18Se você for me sobreviver, você deve me entender.
02:30É uma pessoa que, quando ela era na escola,
02:46ela era muito bom em tudo.
02:48Ela podia jogar esportes.
02:50Ela era com os nerds porque era muito inteligente.
02:52Ela era parte da orchestra.
02:54Ela era realmente uma pessoa que era muito boa.
02:58Ela era capaz de fazer tudo.
03:00Ela era capaz de fazer tudo.
03:01Mas cuidado se você chegar no seu lado,
03:02porque ela era com todo mundo.
03:04Se você chegar no seu lado,
03:05ela era muito difícil para você.
03:12Se você quer ver carbon, você não tem que ir muito longe.
03:14Você só olha ao lado de você e ela está todo mundo.
03:18Na Terra, tudo, tudo, é muito complicado.
03:22Se você quer ver a simplidade de carbono,
03:24e a puridade,
03:26você precisa olhar para o espaço,
03:28e olhar para o universo,
03:30e olhar para o universo,
03:32para realmente entender
03:33como ela veio para ser.
03:43A Big Bang é o começo do universo.
03:45Tudo que podemos ver nos
03:49foi uma vez que era muito boa.
03:51E isso se expandiou
03:52e finalmente transformou o universo
03:54que nós conhecemos agora.
03:59E no meio do que,
04:00a partir do que,
04:01há alguns erros
04:02passos em um resímeção.
04:03E alguns elementos começaram a formar.
04:05We originally had hydrogen, and then that became helium,
04:08as hydrogen atoms bashed together and fused to form helium.
04:13But not much carbon was born in that time.
04:18I am younger than the universe,
04:22born in the heart of a star.
04:28Most of the carbon that makes up us, and the Earth,
04:32and all of the life around us, comes from the inside of stars.
04:36Stars live by fusing elements in their core.
04:47In the very early universe, carbon was just hiding inside stars,
04:51being born and hanging out there,
04:53and just quietly staying where she was.
04:56It was only when those stars die, as they grow old, they get big,
04:59and they lose much of their material out into the wider universe.
05:03When the dust settles, what we find is that carbon is one of the most abundant elements
05:18in the universe, after hydrogen and helium.
05:23Where do those molecules go, and where do those atoms go?
05:27Well, they scatter into the galaxy,
05:29and they'll collect where there are gas clouds
05:32that will become the nursery of a next generation of stars.
05:38And each of those stars makes planets.
05:41And so they're made out of these birth ingredients of the cloud itself.
05:46About a fifth of our bodies are made up of carbon,
06:00and that carbon comes directly from stars.
06:03So when I think about it, and I think about where I come from,
06:08I can go back to my parents, but that isn't far enough.
06:11Going back further to the birth of life on Earth, that isn't far enough.
06:15We need to go all the way back to the stars, at the very least,
06:18and where carbon gets formed in the centres of those stars.
06:22And then to think about it, there's a direct line
06:26from the birth of that carbon in stars
06:29to the birth of me here on Earth.
06:34Peek-a-boo! Peek-a-boo!
06:38Peek-a-boo!
06:40Your body, your mind, they are born of my collisions.
06:47You are made of stardust.
06:49And so is almost everything else.
06:55If I were to fall in love with an element,
06:58it would have to be carbon.
07:00I mean, carbon brings us beauty.
07:05What does it smell like?
07:06Carbon's fun.
07:07Shake, shake, shake, shake, shake, shake, shake.
07:09Oh, my God.
07:11You know, carbon's reliable, it's strong,
07:14and it's also generous.
07:17It's all of our food that we eat
07:20and the clothes that we wear.
07:24And more than 90% of everything you see is carbon.
07:29It's in fabrics, it's in wood,
07:32it's in all the plastics,
07:35it's in our bodies.
07:37Every molecule, every cell in our body,
07:40it's just loaded with carbon.
07:44You can't escape it.
07:45It's part of our lives,
07:47and she is always with us.
07:49So how did I come to be so entwined
07:54with every aspect of your lives?
07:58It's because I do something better
08:00than any other element.
08:02I socialise.
08:05Carbon's the life of the party.
08:06She likes grabbing onto all sorts of different people,
08:09pulling them out of their sidelines
08:11and getting them on the dance floor,
08:12twirling them around,
08:14throwing them off and grabbing a new partner.
08:15How can she be so versatile?
08:23How can she do all these different kinds of things,
08:25solids and liquids and gases,
08:27all at once, one element?
08:29And the secret has to do with a rule of nature.
08:33Nature has rules just like we have rules.
08:37And one of those strange rules
08:39is how atoms are put together.
08:41I am made of even smaller things.
08:47Restless particles called electrons
08:49spin around my core.
08:55There are certain combinations of electrons,
08:58exactly 2, exactly 10, or 18, or 36.
09:03And when you have those numbers of electrons,
09:05you've got an extremely stable atom.
09:08But carbon is 6.
09:09And as a result, carbon does every trick in the book
09:16to bond to other things to get more electrons.
09:21I reach out to other elements to find partners,
09:24to make molecular marriages.
09:27And I'm always up for a dance.
09:29Who is the life of the party?
09:33It's someone you just want to be near.
09:36It's somebody you want to attach to.
09:38And someone who you want to be your friend.
09:42So, yeah.
09:44Yeah.
09:45You'll know when carbon walks into a party.
09:49Because that's when the partying begins.
09:52She will react with all sorts of things
09:58and create a myriad of different compounds.
10:02Some of them look nothing like each other.
10:04So, I mean, in that sense,
10:06she's the ultimate fancy dress artist.
10:08Okay?
10:09So she can make diamond,
10:10which is, you know, crystalline
10:12and bright and hard.
10:14And she can make graphite,
10:17which is a lubricant and black.
10:21In bonding with others,
10:23I transform and build.
10:25And, of course,
10:27everyone wants to bond with me.
10:32Carbon's a pretty promiscuous atom.
10:35She likes to hook up
10:36with just about any other element
10:37in the periodic table.
10:38I mean, you got carbon here,
10:39and she loves to bond with hydrogen.
10:44That's a big one.
10:45You find a lot of carbon-hydrogen bonds.
10:47But she goes over to oxygen.
10:49She takes nitrogen.
10:50She has phosphorus.
10:51And she'll go down.
10:52She'll bond with iron
10:53and nickel and cobalt.
10:56Zirconium.
10:56For gosh sakes,
10:57very few elements
10:58want to bond with zirconium.
11:03This is the essence of you.
11:04It's the essence of me.
11:05It's the essence of life itself.
11:07Ave Maria.
11:09Without me,
11:12life would not exist.
11:15But how did that spark of life
11:18begin in your world?
11:20That's my doing.
11:23Let me tell you how.
11:30It began in such simple ways.
11:34But then,
11:36life got complicated.
11:39I was destined to ride paths
11:48because of ever-increasing complexity
11:50and beauty.
12:02I'm a biologist,
12:03and I've been fascinated by beauty
12:05since I was little.
12:07And what I consider to be beautiful
12:08are all of the things
12:10that are made out of carbon.
12:12oxygen that is everything
12:13in nature.
12:18Oxygen
12:18is my perfect mate.
12:21Together,
12:22we form carbon dioxide,
12:25CO2.
12:26This is the crucial bond
12:28through which I connect
12:29with all of life.
12:31And it starts
12:33here.
12:34When you're looking at a tree,
12:37what you're actually looking at
12:39is sunlight,
12:41embodied sunlight,
12:42because plants have this ability
12:44to pull carbon right out of the air
12:47and use the energy from sunlight
12:49to make it into themselves.
12:51So, in this way,
12:53trees are the air,
12:55thanks to photosynthesis.
13:00Photosynthesis is
13:02the most incredible process
13:04that nature ever invented.
13:06Embraced by oxygen,
13:15I am lifted high.
13:18I roam the air,
13:20and if I am so lucky,
13:23I have the chance
13:24to enter the cycle of life.
13:28The surface of a leaf
13:30is a veritable landscape
13:32of trapdoors for carbon.
13:34and this is where
13:35the entire ride
13:37of photosynthesis begins.
13:48Inside a leaf,
13:50the sun's energy
13:51transforms me
13:53into sugar.
13:56That is the simple sugar
13:58or the glucose molecule,
14:00and it's these
14:02simple sugars
14:03that are the packed lunch
14:05of the natural world.
14:07This is the ultimate product
14:10of photosynthesis.
14:13Oh, so much fun
14:16making millions
14:19of sugar molecules
14:21fuel for all of life.
14:23Once carbon has been transformed
14:28into her new relationship
14:29as a simple sugar,
14:32she can jump on
14:33any number
14:33of the highway systems
14:35that occur within the tree.
14:38The tree is essentially
14:40a moving factory
14:42of carbon
14:43going up and down
14:44and all around
14:45at all times.
14:46You've got to love
14:58photosynthesis.
15:00Wow.
15:01Here we have
15:03this mind-blowing
15:06chemical sequence,
15:08and carbon is there
15:10the whole way.
15:11All right?
15:12You're not going to do that
15:13without carbon.
15:13and what are we doing?
15:15We are taking sunlight
15:17and putting it
15:19through this mini
15:20chemical factory
15:21and outputting energy.
15:24That's extraordinary.
15:27Yet we want to think
15:28we're some pinnacle
15:29of evolution
15:30when for us to survive
15:32we have to kill
15:33other living things
15:35and to eat it.
15:39Bite it.
15:40Big bite.
15:42Yeah, I'm going to
15:42take another bite.
15:45Okay, ready?
15:48Yeah, vegetarians,
15:50you're killing things too.
15:52All right?
15:52We're all killing
15:53to survive
15:55using the energies
15:57established by other
15:58life forms.
15:59the point is
16:01the buck stops
16:03at the sun
16:04because ultimately
16:06you are eating things
16:07for nourishment
16:07that had gotten
16:09their energy
16:09from the sun.
16:11Hmm.
16:14In a way,
16:16we're living sunlight
16:17because what we do
16:19is we eat
16:20the food
16:21that is ultimately
16:21the product
16:22of photosynthesis.
16:24And so in this way,
16:26yeah,
16:26we are embodied sunlight.
16:28it's what we are.
16:33I gotcha.
16:45The human body
16:46is kind of like
16:47an engine
16:48if you want to think
16:49about it in that way.
16:50We need fuel
16:51in order to operate
16:52and the fuel
16:53that we receive
16:54is carbon-based
16:56and when we get
16:57these carbon sugars
16:58and we break
16:59them apart,
17:00the waste product
17:01that we give out
17:02is CO2.
17:03but you never know
17:19when her state
17:19is going to transform
17:20again because
17:21if she floats
17:22a little too close
17:23to a large tree,
17:25well then bang!
17:26She might get sucked
17:27into one of those trap doors
17:29and the entire journey
17:30will begin again.
17:42We don't exist
17:43independently of nature.
17:45We are nature
17:46because we are made
17:47of carbon.
17:48So is everything else.
17:49from the moment
18:05you lit your first fire
18:06you discovered
18:08the energy
18:08held in my bonds
18:10but you weren't content
18:14you wanted more
18:17you invented
18:20strange new molecules
18:22that never existed
18:23in nature.
18:25She's this compressed magic
18:27of earlier life forms
18:29they're absolutely
18:31an incredible resource
18:34for us
18:34they are going to
18:35build our world
18:36and they have
18:37the ingredients
18:37this slumbering genius
18:39that is carbon in it.
18:43Carbon, boy she does
18:44so many interesting
18:45chemical things
18:45I mean I love carbon
18:47for this reason
18:48and one of the things
18:49she does
18:50is make polymers.
18:52Nature does this
18:53all the time.
18:55Tree fibers
18:56and our tendons
18:57and our muscles
18:58and we have all kinds
18:59of polymers in our body
19:00you see them all around
19:02in nature
19:02spider webs
19:03polymer
19:03hair
19:04that's a polymer.
19:06but we've now learned
19:07to make synthetic
19:08polymers
19:09that have incredibly
19:10useful properties
19:11we call them plastics.
19:17She's broken up
19:18into small molecules
19:19and then these
19:20need to be joined
19:21together into long chains
19:22now the molecules
19:23are little units
19:25if you like
19:26let's say
19:26we'll call them a mer
19:27and if you put them
19:29all together
19:29into long chains
19:30you get many of them
19:31poly of them
19:32and so it goes
19:33polymer
19:34and that's where
19:35the word polymer
19:36comes from
19:36so it's the creation
19:38of long chains
19:39of the same molecule
19:40joined together
19:41and in this strange
19:45unbreakable form
19:47I become even more
19:49useful to you
19:50and out she comes
19:54now no longer
19:55sort of black
19:56and crusty
19:58out of the earth
19:58she's these pristine
20:00almost pearl-like nodules
20:02and these flow
20:04like sand
20:05and into the injection
20:10molding machine
20:10she goes
20:11and then for a few seconds
20:14held
20:14in a close embrace
20:16and then the mold
20:18is released
20:18and out
20:19she comes
20:20in a new incarnation
20:21and so polymers
20:25and plastics
20:25these are
20:26these are two sides
20:27of the same coin
20:28three, two, one
20:32and there's polyethylene
20:35and polystyrene
20:36and polyurethane
20:38and all these
20:39different polys
20:40they're just
20:40little molecules
20:41that are linked
20:42end to end
20:42almost got it
20:44it's light
20:46it's incredibly strong
20:48these are all
20:49plastics
20:49they're just
20:50it's almost a miracle
20:51you push me
20:55and pull me
20:56into extraordinary forms
20:58but you don't seem
21:00to value
21:01these new wonders
21:02that you've created
21:03well we don't
21:06treasure it enough
21:07to hold on to it
21:08and we let plastic
21:09just litter the planet
21:11and because it
21:12lasts so long
21:13because it is
21:14so valuable
21:14a material
21:15it will last
21:16in geological time
21:17when people look
21:18back at this period
21:19in the geological strata
21:21they will see
21:21layers of what
21:23they'll see layers
21:24of plastic
21:24laid down in the ocean
21:26we're laying them
21:27down now
21:28and that I think
21:29is really disturbing
21:31and worrying
21:32and I think
21:33it's about us
21:34it's about how we
21:36treat this most
21:37valuable of resource
21:38like magicians
21:50you bend the world
21:52to your will
21:53in the blink
21:54of an evolutionary eye
21:56humans use just
22:01immense
22:02immense amounts
22:04of carbon
22:05and other materials
22:06to make our stuff
22:08the total amount
22:12of materials
22:14that humans
22:14have manufactured
22:15that includes
22:16plastics
22:16and includes steel
22:17and includes asphalt
22:18includes all kinds
22:19of materials
22:20it's greater than
22:21the total mass
22:22of all the biosphere
22:24the trees
22:25and the elephants
22:26and the ants
22:27and the coral reefs
22:27all that stuff
22:28humans have made
22:30more than
22:31all of that biomass
22:32put together
22:33the last two
22:39or three centuries
22:39we've developed
22:40this relationship
22:42with carbon
22:43that has benefited
22:45us humans
22:46in many many
22:47powerful ways
22:48it's been very
22:48exciting
22:49it's given us
22:51a sense
22:51of super power
22:53it's made
22:54humans
22:55feel like gods
22:57we now have
22:59the feeling
22:59that we're
22:59managing a planet
23:01but what we're
23:02beginning to learn
23:03is that we're
23:05in a lot less
23:06control of things
23:07than we thought
23:08and the power
23:10itself
23:10is dangerous
23:12you think
23:17you control me
23:18but you forget
23:19I have changed
23:21your world
23:22in the past
23:23I will do it
23:25again
23:26today
23:47I'm being awakened
23:48like never before
23:49raised high
23:51within molecules
23:52of carbon dioxide
23:54traveling to the ends
23:55of the earth
23:56here
23:59I ride
23:59what you call
24:00the cleanest
24:01air in the world
24:02like the breath
24:05of the planet
24:05exhaled
24:06along with the rhythm
24:08of the earth's
24:09resting heart rate
24:10this is where
24:12you take my pulse
24:14you measure me
24:16how do scientists
24:23measure carbon dioxide
24:24in the atmosphere
24:25they take a glass
24:27sphere
24:27they evacuate
24:29all the air
24:30from it
24:31so it's a vacuum
24:32inside
24:32and then you take it
24:34to a remote part
24:35of the atmosphere
24:36and you open it up
24:37and all the air
24:38rushes inside
24:39and then you take
24:41that glass sphere
24:41back to your lab
24:43and you hook it up
24:44to a machine
24:45that can distinguish
24:46between all of the
24:47different gases
24:48in that sample
24:49that's how scientists
24:50have been regularly
24:51monitoring the contents
24:53of the atmosphere
24:54over time
24:54and that's how we know
24:57that carbon dioxide
24:58is building up
25:00carbon dioxide levels
25:11back in the 1800s
25:13were around 270
25:15280 parts per million
25:17today
25:19they're already
25:20over 420
25:22parts per million
25:23we have not seen
25:26carbon dioxide levels
25:27in the atmosphere
25:28at this level
25:29for over 15 million years
25:33so some people
25:36would say
25:36well so why does
25:37that matter
25:37carbon dioxide
25:38has been higher
25:38before hasn't it
25:39it has
25:41but there was
25:42no humans around
25:43since the last ice age
26:01I have given you
26:02almost 12,000 years
26:04of stability
26:05a precious time
26:07in which you
26:08have flourished
26:09now I am rising again
26:13into the air
26:14but this time
26:16it's different
26:17we built civilization
26:19after the ice age
26:21on a stability
26:22of climate
26:23with the expectation
26:26that this amount
26:27of carbon dioxide
26:28in the atmosphere
26:29will produce
26:29this kind of cycling
26:30of the seasons
26:31and this level
26:32of warmth
26:33and we put cities
26:35on coastlines
26:36we have farmlands
26:38specifically selected places
26:40that thrive
26:42in the climate
26:43out of which civilization
26:45was forged
26:46the problem comes about
26:51if you start doing things
26:53that interfere
26:55with that equilibrium
26:57we have fossil fuel
27:03waiting to just get
27:05pulled out of the ground
27:06that's been there
27:08for a hundred million years
27:10and it's got our name
27:13written all over it
27:14oh my gosh
27:16let's go yank it
27:17out of the ground
27:17and burn it
27:18you will create
27:22a level of warmth
27:22on this earth
27:23that civilization
27:25has never seen
27:26and that's a problem
27:29you're cashing a check
27:31you didn't write
27:32you're withdrawing
27:34from a bank account
27:35you didn't create
27:37and now we say
27:38that's carbon
27:39I'm saying
27:39it's carbon dioxide
27:40please
27:56we've never had
27:59this type of change
28:01happening so fast
28:02on this planet
28:03and we can see that today
28:11with melting permafrost
28:13it shows or indicates
28:15we're approaching
28:16a tipping point
28:16and when we hit
28:17that tipping point
28:18the earth can flip
28:20into a state
28:21we call
28:21hothouse earth
28:22it's going to lead
28:29to tens of meters
28:31of sea level rise
28:32coastal flooding
28:33enormous dry areas
28:36droughts and so on
28:38and when rain comes
28:39it'll be much more
28:41intense and violent
28:42storms will be
28:44much more violent
28:45many parts of the earth
28:47will become uninhabitable
28:49for humans
28:49carbon has
28:55gone from being
28:56a benevolent force
28:57a protector
28:58of the earth system
28:59in a stable state
29:00but now
29:02as she's being released
29:03and increasing
29:04in the atmosphere
29:05she's becoming
29:06a destroyer
29:07a destroyer
29:08of ecosystems
29:09damaging human health
29:11and so on
29:12in a very short
29:13period of time
29:14now my fires
29:23are raging
29:23destroying
29:25all the life
29:27that I once
29:27helped build
29:28with a fury
29:30that I cannot control
29:31this is part of the
30:01this new normal
30:02this is actually
30:04a scientist's worst nightmare
30:06the very thing
30:07that we've been trying
30:08to talk to people about
30:09is actually unfolding
30:10right now
30:11and so I think
30:17we need to come to terms
30:18with these irreversible
30:19losses
30:19and I think that's
30:20something that I started
30:21to come to terms
30:22with realising
30:23that we are part
30:24of this generation
30:25that are witnessing
30:26the destruction
30:27of the earth
30:28I can take
30:34everything
30:35that you love
30:36every place
30:39that makes
30:40your spirit
30:41sore
30:41there's no way
30:45of really describing
30:46it
30:46because
30:46it's
30:47it's a profound
30:48sense of
30:49grief
30:50and loss
30:51and something
30:52that's infinitely
30:54precious
30:55that's slipping
30:55through your fingers
30:56and that's all there is
30:57and it's going to go
30:58and I think
31:09it's one of those things
31:10that when you feel
31:11that if you call
31:12for help
31:13that someone
31:13will respond
31:14and I think
31:15there are moments
31:17where I feel
31:17like
31:18abandoned
31:19in that space
31:20and it feels
31:21like the bleakest
31:22landscape
31:26you can imagine
31:27I guess the main thing
31:29is if you think
31:29about your life
31:30and your kids
31:31and your own culture
31:33and existence
31:33on the planet
31:34and think that
31:35that might not
31:36be a given
31:36don't you see
31:42all you stand
31:43to lose
31:43if I have
31:46nowhere left
31:47to hide
31:47there are a few places
32:02left on earth
32:03where I can still
32:04find refuge
32:05somewhere to rest
32:07though many people
32:13have celebrated
32:14other human
32:16civilizations
32:17for their
32:18human mark
32:19such as
32:19coliseums
32:21pyramids
32:22human cities
32:24who knows
32:25maybe they'll
32:25celebrate parking
32:26lots one day
32:27our ancestors
32:30did not work
32:31for that
32:32the legacy
32:33that they left
32:34us
32:34that they
32:35dedicated
32:35their lives
32:36to was
32:36leaving
32:37biodiversity
32:38people from
32:42all over the
32:43world
32:43come here
32:44and see
32:45this as
32:46wilderness
32:46but there's
32:48no such
32:49thing as
32:49wilderness
32:50in our
32:51language
32:52the closest
32:52translation
32:53we have
32:54is home
32:54and these
32:56forests
32:57are ancestral
32:58gardens
32:58the evidence
33:02of use
33:03is still
33:04written
33:04in many
33:05of the tree
33:05trunks
33:06the evidence
33:08of intergenerational
33:09care
33:10is in
33:11the
33:12biological
33:13diversity
33:14itself
33:15the layers
33:16of moss
33:16the abundance
33:19of birds
33:20most places
33:30in the world
33:30right now
33:31that have
33:32biodiversity
33:32happen to be
33:33where indigenous
33:34people
33:35are still
33:35speaking
33:36their
33:36languages
33:36hishuk
33:39ish tzawak
33:40means
33:40everything is
33:41one
33:41everything is
33:42interconnected
33:43hisham youth
33:44is a meeting
33:45hishuk
33:46is everybody
33:48tzawak
33:49is one
33:49hishuk
33:50ish tzawak
33:51this land
33:54this land is
33:55made of the dust
33:56of our ancestors
33:57and when i think
34:00of that
34:01and i think of
34:02what family means
34:03in our language
34:04and what
34:05people mean
34:07in our language
34:08it's not just
34:09the human people
34:10it's not just
34:11our immediate
34:12blood family
34:13it's the family
34:15of all life
34:16that we belong
34:16to
34:17there's been
34:20decades of work
34:21to protect the site
34:23that it's still
34:23ongoing
34:24you know
34:25that many people
34:26have been arrested
34:26people have put
34:28efforts into
34:29protecting this place
34:30these places
34:34have been my
34:35sanctuary
34:36for thousands
34:37of years
34:38but for how
34:40much longer
34:47carbon loves
34:58to be in plants
34:59and the biggest
35:00plants on earth
35:01are trees
35:02and so she loves
35:04you know
35:05sequestering herself
35:06in these huge
35:07cathedrals
35:08really
35:09these huge cathedrals
35:10of carbon
35:11with all of her
35:12friends and cousins
35:13and relatives
35:14if you imagine
35:17yourself as
35:17Ms. Carbon
35:18you would be
35:19being
35:20photosynthesized
35:21you know
35:21you'd be drawing
35:22down CO2
35:23from the atmosphere
35:24and fixed
35:24through photosynthesis
35:25in these beautiful
35:26crowns
35:28and then
35:28move down
35:30into the roots
35:31and store it
35:31in these very stable
35:32compounds in the soil
35:33and this cycle
35:34happens you know
35:35every day
35:36it's just this
35:37huge drawdown
35:38of CO2
35:39fly over that
35:40beautiful canopy
35:41and suddenly
35:42they've just
35:42cut a clear cut
35:43and every time
35:46we cut them down
35:47carbon is released
35:49she ends up
35:50back in the atmosphere
35:51what we found
35:54is that
35:54immediately after
35:55harvesting
35:55that about 60%
35:57of the carbon
35:59in that forest
36:00is gone
36:01just like that
36:02so what are we doing
36:04I mean
36:04these old growth
36:05forests
36:06that store
36:07some of the
36:08biggest carbon
36:09pools in the world
36:10and those are the ones
36:12that we're cutting
36:12the carbon cycle
36:16shows that
36:17we're all
36:18irretributably
36:19connected
36:19we're all in this
36:21together
36:22that we are
36:24intimately part
36:25of the cycle
36:25too
36:26we're made of carbon
36:27what we do
36:28affects that carbon
36:29cycle
36:29and that's
36:30that carbon cycle
36:30is affecting
36:31the livability
36:32of our planet
36:33I find myself
36:48bereft
36:48in the air
36:50looking for places
36:52to hide
36:53the number one
36:57thing we need
36:58to do with carbon
36:59is leave her
36:59in the ground
37:00if that doesn't
37:02happen
37:02we can't solve
37:04this issue
37:04in any other way
37:05she must be
37:07left in the ground
37:08and we must
37:09do that
37:10as fast as
37:11we possibly can
37:12but we already
37:13have too much
37:13carbon in the
37:14atmosphere
37:15so we have to
37:16learn how to
37:16draw down
37:17some of that carbon
37:18humans have
37:26emitted so much
37:27CO2 that nature
37:28can no longer
37:29keep up
37:30trees simply
37:31don't grow
37:31fast enough
37:32in order to
37:33deal with the
37:34amount of CO2
37:34that we emit
37:35so we need to
37:36find new
37:37technologies
37:38that can
37:38short circuit
37:39nature
37:40that can
37:40help capture
37:42CO2 faster
37:43and balance
37:44this carbon
37:45balance out
37:45carbon is
37:47really difficult
37:48to find
37:49in the air
37:49because
37:50she is at
37:51such a low
37:52concentration
37:52if you were
37:53to try to
37:54grasp
37:55some air
37:56in your hand
37:56only 0.04%
37:59is her
37:59is carbon
38:00that's a
38:01tremendously
38:02small amount
38:04it's
38:06trying to find
38:07a needle
38:07in a haystack
38:08she is
38:09that needle
38:10in the haystack
38:11in the air
38:11so the energy
38:12cost with which
38:14to search
38:15and find
38:16and extract
38:16and capture
38:17her
38:18is just
38:19so high
38:19we take
38:23a CO2 gas
38:24we compress
38:25it into a
38:26liquid
38:26and we inject
38:27it deep
38:28underground
38:29kilometers
38:29underground
38:30it goes
38:31into rock
38:32formations
38:32that have been
38:33around for
38:34many years
38:34and stays
38:36there permanently
38:37the question
38:39isn't whether
38:40or not it
38:40can be done
38:41it's being
38:41done today
38:42the facility
38:44that we're in
38:44right now
38:45captures
38:463,000 tons
38:48of CO2
38:49per year
38:50now
38:51when we think
38:52about that
38:53that's actually
38:53a very small
38:55amount of CO2
38:55compared to the
38:5640 billion tons
38:58of CO2
38:59that we emit
38:59as a species
39:00every year
39:00what needs to happen
39:04is
39:04these direct air
39:05capture facilities
39:06need to scale up
39:07and they need
39:08to scale out
39:09they need to not
39:10only increase
39:10in size
39:11but they also
39:11need to increase
39:12in number
39:13my vision
39:16for the future
39:17is one where
39:18100% of our
39:19energy consumption
39:20comes from
39:21renewable sources
39:22sources
39:23that do not
39:24emit carbon
39:25this means
39:26that we no longer
39:27have to disturb her
39:28we no longer
39:28have to dig her up
39:30as a fossil fuel
39:31burn her
39:32emit carbon dioxide
39:33into the air
39:34rather we can just
39:35leave her where
39:36she is
39:37we don't have
39:39to project
39:39one minute
39:40into our future
39:41to see that
39:41the climate crisis
39:42is already here
39:43government organizations
39:45to be carbon neutral
39:47by 2020
39:48make a decision
39:49to live a carbon
39:50neutral
39:51put our nation
39:52on the road
39:52to net zero emissions
39:54no later than 2050
39:55to me 2050
39:58isn't just a number
39:59it's not just
40:00some year in the future
40:01it's my life
40:02it's what I'm going
40:03to experience
40:04it's what I'm going
40:04to live through
40:05I will be the one
40:07who has to experience
40:09and survive the
40:11consequences of the
40:12actions that we as a
40:13society make today
40:14and I also think that's
40:16why you see my
40:18generation fighting so
40:19hard to change the way
40:21that society operates
40:23so it's an entire
40:24generation of people
40:26who recognize and feel
40:27viscerally that their
40:29future is at stake
40:30and want to fight for it
40:32and most importantly
40:35what you can do
40:36is vote
40:36for the leaders
40:37and the policies
40:38that will take action now
40:40we really need to
40:42put people into office
40:44who can make impact now
40:45and who recognize
40:46and understand
40:47that this is a problem
40:48that we need to face
40:49I can feel a change
40:53I see it in your faces
40:55so
40:59builder or destroyer
41:02which do you want me to be
41:05every one of us
41:28lives in a carbon world
41:31we are carbon life
41:34carbon pervades
41:37every minute of our lives
41:38from the time we're born
41:40and we're wrapped
41:40in a soft blanket
41:43to the time we die
41:45in a silk-lined coffin
41:47carbon literally surrounds us
41:49it is us
41:50it is part of us
41:51we have to learn
41:53to get along with carbon
41:54and she's very happy
41:57to get along with us
41:58if we treat her right
41:59now you are becoming
42:08awakening
42:09it's time
42:12I'll be there in the end
42:25and the start
42:27of a story
42:29life
42:32life begins again
42:34breathe in
42:37and breathe me out
42:39you see me now
42:41in your vast
42:43complex world
42:45and in this little life
42:48and I am here
42:56right now
42:57in the nerve cells
42:58of your mind
42:59enabling you to have
43:03this very thought
43:04in this very moment
43:07I've been holding you
43:11helping you see
43:13I've been here all along
43:17I draw the circle
43:20I'll be there in the end
43:33and the start
43:35of your journey
43:38with you
43:52and I'm oh
43:53you
43:53and I'll be there
43:55and I'll be there
43:56because
43:56I'll be there
43:56in the end
43:57Legenda por Sônia Ruberti