00:00Although the gospels have always been a subject of study by the church and the
00:19different Christian communities, whether for spiritual reasons or pastoral formation
00:25or of another nature, the truth is that the properly scientific study of the gospels arises
00:33in the 19th century. The differences that are immediately apparent when the gospels are read with a more critical eye
00:41The criticism sparked interest in harmonizing them into a single gospel, as Tassiano intended with
00:50the aforementioned work of the Diathecero. The French Enlightenment, which sought to understand everything through
00:59of human reason and dispensing with postulates such as dogma or faith, fostered a rapprochement
01:07rational to sacred scripture in general and to the gospels in particular. The first step in this
01:16Reymarus gave the ground, affirming his work on the claims of Jesus and his disciples that Jesus
01:25He claimed to be a political messiah and wanted to liberate the people from Roman rule. But how did he fail in his
01:33What was their intention? After his death, the disciples stole his body and concealed this in the Gospels.
01:41the true purpose of Jesus. Thus, the Jesus presented in the gospels would be a
01:49invention of his disciples. Paulus affirms that there was no resurrection, but that Jesus was not dead and
01:58He was revived by the cold of the stone. For his part, Strauss wrote a life of Jesus and performed the biography.
02:08of Jesus as the expression of ideas or creation of the imagination, explaining everything through the concept
02:17of myth. Paulus, of the Tübingen school, influenced by Hegel's philosophy, states that Matthew is a
02:26A Jewish-Christian writer of Petrine influence, he represents the thesis. Luke, for his part, defends a
02:36Gentile or pagan Christianity. He represents the antithesis. The synthesis of this opposition is
02:44Marcos represents this, attempting to neutralize these two tendencies. Weiss and Will, independently.
02:54And simultaneously, they affirm that at the base of the evangelical tradition there are two sources or documents,
03:01Marcos and Q. This is the origin of the so-called two-source theory. This theory was influenced by
03:09Hoffman, who claims that Mark is, in fact, the oldest and most historically valuable gospel.
03:18This led to a surge in biographies of Jesus and a series of investigations into Mark and the
03:26Source Q. Finally, a number of authors such as Weiss and Wilhausen took on the task of searching for the
03:35Sources used by the author of the Gospel of Mark. This optimistic view of the Gospel of
03:43Marcos changed with the work of Gouret, who claims that Marcos did not produce a historical work,
03:50but a theological work based on the messianic secret. The liberal school already shows its
03:58He distrusts Mark and turns his attention back to the Q source. For Harnack, Jesus is a teacher of
04:06rational and vague morality. The eschatological school, as its name indicates, is no longer interested in the
04:15not only for the moral teaching of Jesus, but also for the hope that his proclamation of the imminent coming produces
04:23of the kingdom of God. This vision is taken by Schweitzer to its furthest extent when he states that
04:31Eschatology is key to interpreting the entire ministry of Jesus within the Catholic Church.
04:40There were those who understood the importance of applying scientific methods to the study of the sacred
04:47scriptures. Among them stands out Father Lagrange, who founded the biblical school of Jerusalem and
04:54who had to face countless difficulties and misunderstandings. This did not prevent the church
05:02It will react defensively during the early stages of this process. One of the concerns
05:09A fundamental task was to defend the historicity of the gospels, so that faith would not be misinterpreted.
05:17as something unfounded, or as if it were a blind feeling. Thus, for example, the Pontifical
05:25The Biblical Commission considers the authors to be direct or indirect witnesses to the events
05:33that they narrate. He also distrusts the two-source theory because it places all the evidence on one source.
05:41Regarding Mark, who does not belong to the group of twelve, nor was he of course an apostle. The attitude of the
05:49The church has changed, since it understands the importance of the contribution of the different sciences
05:56for the understanding of the Bible. Therefore, it is open to scientific research. This impetus
06:04And this change of attitude began with Pius XII's encyclical, Divino Afflante Spirito, of 1944. Of great
06:15The instruction of the
06:23Pontifical Biblical Commission Santa Mater Ecclesia of 1964. As discussed above, the similarities
06:34And the differences between the Gospels of Matthew, Mark, and Luke not only sparked interest or a search for
06:42not only a harmonization like the one already mentioned by Atecero, but even the works of the holy fathers,
06:50Like Saint Augustine with his work Consensus Evangelistarum, they tried to overlook or minimize the differences
07:00among the synoptic texts. To guide us in this task, it is important to emphasize some terms
07:08Techniques used when working with the Synoptic Gospels. For example, pericopes with triple
07:18tradition, which are those we find in the three gospels, Matthew, Mark and Luke, such as the
07:26Temptations or the Transfiguration. Pericopes of double tradition, which are the pericopes common to Matthew and
07:35Luke and which we do not find in Mark, such as the Lord's Prayer and the Beatitudes. Pericopes of
07:42simple traditions, which are those that we only find in one of the gospels, such as the
07:49The parable of the prodigal son in Luke or the Last Judgment in Matthew. These traditions are duplicates.
07:58which appear twice in the same gospel, as happens with the two multiplications of the
08:05Mark's loaves. Concordances assume the similarity of verses that appear in the
08:12The Gospels, as well as Matthew, Mark, and Luke, share a total of 330 verses. Mark and Matthew share
08:24plus 178 additional verses, while Mark and Luke share 100 verses between them.
08:33Matthew and Luke share 230 verses between them. And the verses that we don't find in other gospels,
08:43That is to say, they are exclusive to each evangelist; Matthew has 330 verses of his own, Mark has his
08:53Once he has 53 exclusive verses, and finally Luke has 500 verses that are his own.
