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En 1945, la bombe atomique fait des milliers de morts à Hiroshima. Cette arme a été rendue possible notamment par les travaux d'Einstein. En 1893, à Munich, celui-ci est renvoyé de l'école. Il part finalement pour la Suisse, où il étudie la physique et fait la connaissance de Marcel Grossmann et Mileva Maric.
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00:28The discoverers
00:30They offer us all the guarantees of happiness
00:32An exemplary light
00:36Who enlightens, who prospers
00:38And opens the way to the dreams of humans
00:42They found levers to lift the world
00:47And thanks to them, the Earth wanted to play ring-around-the-rosie
00:52Turn, turn, all the wheels of locomotion
00:57And cars following each other in a line
01:00And they march by, then quickly speed away
01:02The discoverers
01:04I'm already dreaming of other pipe dreams.
01:06So that we may progress in the wisdom of our old age
01:13The discoverers
01:18The discoverers
01:23July 16, 1945
01:26Alamogordo, New Mexico
01:2810, 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, 0
01:46The atomic bomb
01:47Brighter than a thousand suns
01:50Where are we going, my God?
01:54Hiroshima, August 6, 1945
01:57That day
02:01Hiroshima at 10 a.m.
02:02We'll drop the bomb in 10 seconds
02:049, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, 0
02:17Go!
02:30It's terrible, terrible!
02:33Terrible, yes
02:34The man had mastered forces
02:36Whose terrifying power he had not suspected
02:39Or even its existence a few years earlier
02:42Of course, the atomic bomb put an end to a deadly war.
02:45But it also changed all of our lives.
02:48Who invented it?
02:50Oh, it wasn't just one person
02:53Many men and women worked there
02:56Tell us the story of those who made it
02:59The bomb
03:00If we had to choose among the scientists who participated in these discoveries
03:04Well...
03:05Yeah, so?
03:07SO ?
03:08SO ?
03:12Albert! Albert Einstein!
03:15Are you with us, Albert?
03:16Yes, sir, I believe
03:19Believe me?
03:20Yes, sir
03:21Are you not sure?
03:23Well, sir...
03:24It's difficult to be sure of anything.
03:26Silence, Albert!
03:27You can write it a hundred times, I'm sure I'll be in class
03:30Understood ?
03:31Yes, sir, I believe so, sir.
03:33Believe me?
03:34Are you not sure?
03:35Yes, sir, I'm sure
03:37Well, I think
03:38Two hundred times!
03:39You will copy it two hundred times.
03:41Understood ?
03:42What do I have to copy two hundred times, sir?
03:45You will copy what I told you to copy! Understood?
03:49No, no, don't say anything more, Albert!
03:51But remember that you are in Munich, Germany!
03:54Here, discipline is respected!
03:56We're walking straight, understood?
03:58No, don't say anything, just get out!
04:00And walk straight!
04:14Be careful, he told you to walk straight!
04:17Are you at risk of being fired?
04:19Oh, teachers, you know, all they think about is making you walk the straight and narrow!
04:21But by walking straight ahead, you never discover anything!
04:25Eh ?
04:25Water is made up of two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom!
04:29Understood ?
04:30Yes, yes, we understand, sir!
04:33And you, Albert Einstein, you say nothing?
04:36Did you understand?
04:37Yes, sir, I believe so!
04:39Do you believe that? You're not sure!
04:42Being sure, sir, you know, it's not easy!
04:45Einstein, get out!
04:47You're just a good-for-nothing!
04:49You are dismissed!
04:59That's not good, Albert! You've been expelled from school!
05:02We didn't learn much there, Dad, except discipline!
05:05March in step, stand up, be quiet, sit down!
05:10The Germans became too attached to discipline!
05:12Listen, Albert, you have a relative near Zurich in Switzerland!
05:14You'll be able to go to school there!
05:17Oh, great, Dad! Switzerland, mountains, chocolate, the owl!
05:21She plays very well, your beautiful girl!
05:24I'm going to ask you one of those math riddles you love the most!
05:28There it is! The animal we're looking for is mysterious!
05:31So, we're going to app-X, but we're going to catch it! You're going to drink!
05:47Hey, Albert! We're going on an excursion!
05:54Ah!
05:55Hey, look! Do you see what I see there?
05:59No, that's not true! Wow, a girl!
06:01A girl! What is she doing here among us?
06:06She must have gotten lost!
06:09She must think she's in a sewing workshop!
06:11Or at the childcare school!
06:13Hey, you there! Nothing prevents a young girl from studying physics or mathematics!
06:17There's no need to make fun of it!
06:18You're right! But look at that!
06:20What's it to me?
06:22Hey, tell me! If they didn't hold me back, I'd steal!
06:24But nobody's holding you back!
06:26No, but, little guy, you're not in the wrong school, your place is in kindergarten!
06:38My name is Albert Einstein!
06:39Mileva Maric!
06:41I came here to study theoretical physics!
06:44Me too, and mathematics!
06:46Me too, and astronomy!
06:48Hey, me too, that's funny!
06:49So, maybe we can meet!
06:52We are discovering so many extraordinary things in physics these days!
06:55The movements of molecules!
06:57Electrons!
06:58The forces of inertia!
06:59And gravitation!
07:06Mileva!
07:09Albert, look at her!
07:11Mileva, you know?
07:12What is it, Albert?
07:14Well, the Moon is 300,000 kilometers away!
07:17And it takes his image a second to reach us!
07:21So we see it with a one-second delay!
07:23Yes, so what?
07:25Imagine a ray of light that starts from the sun, reaches the moon, and then returns to Earth!
07:32Imagine if I could move as fast as light!
07:35Do you think it's possible, Albert?
07:37I'm not sure, but let's imagine!
07:42What is that one?
07:43He looks like a man, a little man!
07:46That's impossible!
07:48No, nobody can go as fast as us!
07:51Nobody, that's true!
07:52Well, then we must be dreaming!
07:54If I move as fast as light,
07:56There will be no more light for me.
07:57because, in relation to me, she won't move!
08:00It's getting late, let's go home!
08:09Let's go!
08:12Let's go!
08:34Let's go!
08:35Ah, I hear that's Mr. Albert!
08:37You've forgotten your key again, haven't you?
08:40Sorry, Ms. Koontz, I was thinking of something else!
08:43You are incorrigible, Mr. Albert!
08:46You're always thinking about something else!
08:48Goode, goode! I'll come down and open the door for you!
08:57I know your story is complicated!
09:00Couldn't you be interested in simpler things?
09:02It's very simple! Listen, I think it's impossible to determine the absolute motion of an object
09:07!
09:08Imagine! The Earth rotates on heat, right?
09:11Yes, indeed!
09:12But the Sun, it moves around in our galaxy!
09:16Yes, yes, of course!
09:18So, what is the movement of the Earth?
09:21Um...
09:22There are scientists who say that the universe is full of a light substance, ether,
09:26through which all the planets move!
09:29I don't believe it, that's what we're going to try to verify!
09:36We still need to install this!
09:38We're going to measure the movement of the air!
09:40Which is not ether!
09:43Be careful, Albert!
09:45Be careful, Albert!
10:04Brush that rope! It's holding up well!
10:18Come help me. Really, quickly!
10:29Oh my God, I'm sure it would end badly.
10:40Oh, Albert, you're hurt.
10:46The experiment does not appear to be conclusive.
10:48I am still sure that ether does not exist.
11:05That's funny.
11:08Interesting. So light has power.
11:11Yes.
11:11It is made of particles.
11:13We could call them photons.
11:17Now we have a name.
11:19We are photons.
11:20Photons are pretty.
11:21Watch out, we're coming.
11:23The power of photons...
11:24Causes an electric current.
11:25We could calculate an energy...
11:27And explain the photoelectric effect.
11:34The photoelectric effect, what's that thing again?
11:37Yet another useless thing.
11:41How is that useless?
11:42Take a look.
11:47And without photons, no more television, no more photos, no more light.
11:52So, is the atomic bomb Einstein?
11:56No, not really.
11:57Finally, he discovered an extraordinary principle.
12:01That of the transformation of mass into energy.
12:04And without this principle...
12:05Did Einstein discover everything?
12:07No, not all of them.
12:08And don't forget that Mileva helped him a lot.
12:12An object can be transformed into energy.
12:14And its mass then equates to an enormous, incredible amount of energy.
12:18This small object represents an enormous amount of energy.
12:22As much as tons of dynamite.
12:25And there you have the formula.
12:27E equals mc2.
12:28What a beautiful phrase.
12:29And you think man will be able to harness this energy?
12:31I think so, yes.
12:32And sometimes, I'm afraid of it.
12:36Albert, I've found you a job.
12:39Oh yes ?
12:39I really needed it.
12:42A teacher's job?
12:43Oh no, that's the patent office in Bern.
12:47And what would I do there?
12:48You will examine the inventions that people make
12:51And you'll say whether it's interesting or not.
12:53In any case, you will earn a living.
12:56Thank you, Marcel.
12:58Mileva, we're leaving for Bern.
13:10Well, Einstein, at least you can be said to work quickly.
13:14Albert, what time is it?
13:17It must be...
13:1910 o'clock.
13:20Are they expecting us at the town hall?
13:22Oh my God, quick, my dress.
13:27Long live the bride!
13:29Long live the bride!
13:30Long live the bride!
13:35We can definitely wear this alliance.
13:48Albert, you haven't forgotten the keys either.
13:54If.
14:04Oh, Mr. Einstein, have you forgotten again?
14:07Yes, ma'am, I'm sorry.
14:09Okay, okay, I'll come down and open the door for you.
14:21Listen, I think our theory is taking shape.
14:25Would you like to help me with a simple calculation?
14:27I'm coming.
14:29Stir the stew while you wait.
14:32Yes, it's wonderful.
14:59Look at.
15:00The theory of relativity is taking shape.
15:02Do you think the speed of light...
15:11In any case, it is certain that time is relative.
15:16Relative, relative!
15:17I speak of time as immutable.
15:19But no.
15:21It all depends on the observer's point of view.
15:23I am not presenting myself from the observer's point of view.
15:26I count the seconds, the minutes, the years,
15:29and the century.
15:31Time is not elastic.
15:33Well, actually, believe it or not, it's elastic.
15:38Imagine that one day, we could launch into space
15:40rockets as fast as light.
15:43Imagine, too, that I could split myself in two.
15:46and that my double takes off in one of his rockets.
15:51Dad !
15:53Not !
16:02299,000 km per second.
16:04Almost the speed of light.
16:17Subtitling by Radio-Canada
16:42Here on Earth, 40 years have passed.
16:45Inside the rocket, traveling at almost 300,000 km per second,
16:48Time passed much more slowly.
16:52He was almost arrested.
16:53SO ?
16:54I've only aged a few years.
16:56But if I had stayed on Earth,
16:58I would also have aged 40 years.
17:00So, Dad, after such a journey,
17:02Are you younger than me?
17:04Yes, it's just an imaginary experience, of course.
17:09No rocket can travel as fast as light.
17:12At least, not for now.
17:14He doesn't care, he's Einstein.
17:17Oh, not so crazy after all.
17:20In this year, 1905,
17:22Einstein publishes four articles
17:23which attract the attention of scholars from all over the world.
17:26Not everyone will agree with him, of course.
17:28We shouldn't believe what Einstein said about relativity.
17:31That's completely absurd.
17:35It's not that minor civil servant from the patent office.
17:38who will give lessons to the German scientific community.
17:41The Solvay meeting,
17:43in which the world's greatest scientists participate.
17:46Max Planck, Langevin,
17:48Rutherford, Perrin, Marie Curie, Poincaré
17:50and, the youngest of them all,
17:53Einstein.
17:55In 1913, he will be appointed
17:57director of the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute in Berlin.
18:00Mileva will refuse to go with him.
18:02The couple, in any case, are batting and blowing air.
18:06Shortly after her divorce,
18:08Albert will marry his cousin Elsa.
18:12And just as Einstein received the Nobel Prize,
18:15the highest scientific award...
18:18Relativity is contrary to the German spirit.
18:21It's a Jewish conspiracy, isn't it, Professor Weiland?
18:26Absolutely! And I'll explain why.
18:29This theory,
18:31there...
18:41Relativity,
18:43It's just a bad joke.
18:46Einstein claims that
18:48the light,
18:49Finally, time...
18:50Finally, you see the type, don't you, you see?
18:52Excuse me, sir, I forgot my pencil.
18:55Could you lend me one?
18:57Of course, professor, here it is.
19:00Common sense in Germany rejects these wild theories.
19:03Time is immutable.
19:05Space is infinite.
19:08Relativity has nothing to do with Germans or Jews.
19:11It's a universal law.
19:13Let me explain in a few words what it consists of...
19:16That is exactly what relativity is.
19:25Oh, uh...
19:26In Einstein's hands, my pencil
19:28will write much more interesting things
19:30than in mine.
19:34Pay attention, professor.
19:36These people are dangerous.
19:44Einstein was right.
19:46Look.
19:51Einstein predicted it.
19:52The gravitational field is distorted by the mass of the Sun.
19:56The light rays are therefore deflected towards the Sun.
20:00This is proof that the theory of relativity is correct.
20:06I have here a letter signed by 100 of the greatest German scientists.
20:10They oppose Einstein's theory of relativity.
20:12Just because they have 100 doesn't mean they're right.
20:15Come.
20:38Adolf Hitler has taken power.
20:40For him, the Jews are the enemies of the Reich.
20:43Einstein was the first one chosen.
20:54As planned, Einstein will leave Germany for the United States.
21:05Professor Einstein,
21:07I welcome you to Princeton University.
21:10I hope you will be happy with us.
21:15There you go, you're right at home here.
21:25Who? Are you reading a big book?
21:27You need to know how to count.
21:33So, can you help me?
21:34You see, I have a difficult problem.
21:38Let's see, two plus three makes...
21:40One, two, three, four and five.
21:44Are you sure?
21:45As much as we can be sure of anything.
21:48Oh really? We'll see.
22:13Do you want to know where Professor Einstein lives?
22:20I'm sorry, but we cannot give you that information.
22:24Huh? You say you're Professor Einstein?
22:28Yes, I am Einstein.
22:30I've forgotten where I live.
22:31Thank you for letting me know.
22:46You know, you were right.
22:48Two and three make five.
22:50You're not stupid, are you?
22:53Sometimes I wonder about that.
22:56I also have a problem that I can't solve.
22:59What's your problem?
23:01I am looking for the universal law that links gravitation and electromagnetism.
23:06The law of the unified field, do you understand?
23:09That sounds awfully complicated.
23:11But I'll think about it.
23:16Is a tie really necessary?
23:19Albert, we are invited to the home of the President of the United States.
23:24Okay, okay, that has other reasons for you.
23:35Mr. President of the United States of America and Mrs. Franklin Roosevelt.
23:45Dear Professor Einstein, what an honor for us.
23:48We are delighted to welcome you.
23:50In 1938, Germany annexed Austria, then Czechoslovakia.
23:54In 1939, it attacked Poland.
23:56France and England go to war.
23:58In 1940, Germany seized Denmark and Norway, invaded the Netherlands and reached Paris.
24:03Italy joins the Germans.
24:05Invaded France signs the armistice.
24:07England remains alone.
24:10I am a committed pacifist.
24:13But there are circumstances where the use of force is justified against an enemy who wants
24:19destroy the world.
24:21On December 7, 1941, the Japanese, allied with the Germans, launched a surprise attack on the naval base at Pearl Harbor.
24:31America, in turn, will go to war.
24:46We have successfully triggered a chain reaction.
24:49It's only a matter of time.
24:51Look, a neutron hits a uranium nucleus which then emits two or three other neutrons.
24:56These, in turn, collide with other uranium nuclei, thus propagating the explosive reaction.
25:00The energy released corresponds well to Einstein's formula.
25:04E equals mc2.
25:06So, E equals mc2, is that the atomic bomb?
25:09Yes, E stands for energy.
25:10It corresponds to m, the mass of the explosive, multiplied twice by C, the constant speed of light.
25:15or speed.
25:16But it is also medical treatment by radiation that saves many lives.
25:20Nuclear power plants that provide us with energy while oil reserves are being depleted.
25:25Tomorrow will see the journeys into space to distant galaxies.
25:29Yes, without Einstein's genius, the workings of the universe in which we live might never have existed.
25:34summer included.
25:38Discoverers shape better worlds for us.
25:42With their eyes turned towards the sky, their thoughts wander elsewhere.
25:47Spinning hands and snow of stars, planets, and comets.
25:52Here the man takes off, he is about to leave the ground.
25:54My words are that he should fly away.
25:56Tomorrow, they will lead us to other heights.
26:01Because for them, man is only at the beginning of his story.
26:08The discoverers
26:12The discoverers
26:14The discoverers
26:15The discoverers
26:15The discoverers
26:16The discoverers
26:16The discoverers
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