- hace 8 horas
En 1420, Hans Gutenberg vit à Strasbourg, où durant ses congés, il cherche une technique permettant à tous d'avoir des livres bien écrit et accessibles. Avec son cousin Arnold Gelthus, il travaille sur les caractères en métal puis sur la presse, jusqu'à l'arrivée de Peter Schoeffer.
Categoría
😹
DiversiónTranscripción
00:28The discoverers
00:30They offer us all the guarantees of happiness
00:32Exemplary light
00:36Who enlightens, who prospers
00:38And opens the way to the dreams of humans
00:42They found levers to lift the world
00:47And thanks to them, the Earth wanted to play ring-around-the-rosie
00:52Turn, turn, all the wheels of locomotion
00:57And cars following each other in a line
01:00And they march by, then quickly speed away
01:02The discoverers
01:04I'm already dreaming of other pipe dreams.
01:06So that we may progress in the wisdom of our old age
01:13The discoverers
01:18The discoverers
01:36No, no, no, but I wasn't asleep.
01:41No, I was thinking.
01:44Ah, the news of the day
01:47Okay, so, yes
01:50Oh, but of course!
01:54To think I almost forgot
01:59Ah, no, that's not it.
02:00But where is he?
02:01Ah, there you go.
02:04What a selection!
02:05That's new, isn't it?
02:06And still this stupid violence
02:09In what world
02:11The results of the football match
02:13Well done, Greens!
02:15It's going to rain tomorrow.
02:20You did it on purpose by stepping on his feet
02:22Yeah, because you elbowed me
02:24And you, all you do is talk nonsense.
02:27And you, all you do is bother me.
02:29Oh, well, that's something that hasn't changed, you two.
02:32Oh, look who's here!
02:34You didn't hear, I was reading
02:36Writing is still extraordinary, isn't it?
02:40Print, oh, what an invention!
02:42Yes, but who invented it?
02:44Ah, well, we don't know exactly about that.
02:45But it is believed that the first ones were the...
02:48Ah, well then, it's up to you to guess, okay?
02:51The teachers, I'm sure of it
02:52The Greeks, it must be the Greeks
02:54It's Gutenberg, of course.
02:56No, the Chinese
02:57It's the Chinese, I bet.
02:59Ah, wrong, that was a long time ago.
03:02These are the Sumerians in the Middle East
03:04Three or four thousand years before our era
03:08Light five sacks of wheat
03:11Exchange for...
03:13Sheep
03:15Ecler
03:21Oh, oh, oh, the invention of writing is no gift.
03:24Around the same time, the Egyptians invented hieroglyphs, a sacred writing system.
03:29And almost at the same time, the Chinese
03:31The Chinese, always the Chinese
03:34Always the Chinese
03:35Hey, hey, hey, yes
03:36The Chinese have invented some things, that's for sure.
03:39Besides, see for yourself
03:52For over 2000 years, people have been writing in this way on strips of bamboo which they will roll up to
03:58to make books
03:59It was crowded.
04:02Consider, for example, the library that a scholar had to take with him.
04:06I'm going on a very long trip
04:08She also brought them my treatise on populations, not forgetting my book on astronomy.
04:19Let's see, let's see
04:20Don't forget the poetry book, I'll need it.
04:25Ah, and also the writings of the wise Confucius
04:30Ah yes, the mathematics treatise is the geometry treatise.
04:36I think I have everything, yes, yes, yes
04:38We can leave
04:39Oh, I forgot
04:41No, no, no, it'll be fine
04:45But where is the head?
04:47My medical texts
04:48I simply can't leave without my medical texts.
04:52And also...
04:53That's it, master
04:54Can we leave now?
04:55Yes, yes, I think so.
04:57Are you sure, sir, that we haven't forgotten anything?
04:59No, no
05:00Okay, let's go, come on, sweetie!
05:02Hey, yay!
05:10Help us come, my advisors.
05:13Your Majesty has summoned us
05:15Yes, Tzailo, Naïbot and you, you scoundrel
05:18My invaluable advisors
05:19I desperately need your insights.
05:21Take a look
05:22These bamboo books are too heavy
05:24And too bulky
05:25On the one hand, it tires me out
05:27And what's more, I keep breaking my nails doing it
05:29What I want
05:29It's because you found something else in me
05:32One can write on silk, Your Majesty
05:34It's light
05:36But too expensive
05:37It's my ruin you want
05:38I think I have an idea, Your Majesty
05:40But give me a few days
05:42GOOD
05:42Whoever finds the solution
05:44Will be richly rewarded
05:50Let's follow him
05:51Let's follow him
05:51If he has an idea, we'll know very quickly.
05:54Trust me, you most honorable scoundrel
05:56And we're going to steal his idea.
05:58Isn't that right, most esteemed Naibot?
06:00Yes, and to receive the reward
06:04That's what I was looking for
06:06A very beautiful wasp nest
06:08Oh, and empty too
06:11Let's see
06:14If wasps can do that, I can do it too
06:19Look at Naibot, he's taken a wasps' nest!
06:22That's odd.
06:23But perhaps that's it, that's his idea
06:26We'll see
06:28Oh, that's her line
06:29That's true, that would be a real pain.
06:31Ouch, ouch
06:33Ouch, ouch
06:36Ouch, ouch, ouch
06:37Ouch, ouch, ouch, ouch
06:37Ouch, ouch, ouch
06:38Ouch, ouch, ouch, ouch
06:38Ouch, ouch, ouch
06:39Ouch, ouch, ouch
06:40Ouch, ouch, ouch
06:52Ouch, ouch, ouch
06:56Ha, ha, what a nose!
06:59When I think we could have stayed quietly at home with a nice cup of tea
07:29Yes
07:30Hey, look, I've just invented paper, quick, ink!
07:34Yes, wait, I'll be a moment
07:47Yes, it's the Chinese again, they invented paper
07:50But they will keep their secret, and it will take Europeans more than a thousand years to learn how to make it.
07:55this paper
07:56And for printing, it will be exactly the same thing.
07:59Always the Chinese
08:01What are you doing, Bicheng? Are you wasting more time?
08:04No, I know exactly how to win them, you see.
08:07Look, instead of cutting out each page of text all at once
08:10Which will only be used for this page
08:11The letters can be prepared in advance and assembled page by page.
08:15Hmm, hmm, hmm
08:17It's messy, it won't do any good.
08:20Listen, I'm paying you to help me engrave pages
08:23Not for tinkering or having fun
08:24What are you up to now, huh? What is that contraption?
08:28Let me explain
08:28This euro coin has characters arranged upside down
08:31Look, all you have to do is press a piece of clay onto the character
08:34To get it printed the right way round
08:36Next, we assemble the desired letters.
08:38It's too complicated
08:40Your invention is nothing like it
08:42That's the whole problem with inventions.
08:44They never look like anything
08:46Yes, Bicheng was right.
08:48It would take another thousand years for printing to develop in Europe.
08:53Oh, a thousand years, that's enormous!
08:55But who is the inventor then?
08:57It's too difficult to answer
08:59There were so many people that we don't really know
09:01However, history has remembered one name
09:04It's Gutenberg's, of course.
09:13I think it's time we went home, Gutenberg
09:34It's good
09:35I can see
09:43Oh !
09:47And how much did they sell your poor man's Bible for?
09:49Half a fleurin
09:49Well, that's expensive for a poor man.
09:52Well, that's a lot of work, isn't it?
09:55But once in their life, everyone can buy their own Bible.
09:59So, I'm learning
10:00Oh no! You know, I don't have enough money yet.
10:02You see, Anton, his system is not practical at all
10:05And the book isn't very beautiful.
10:07All the letters are different
10:08It's messy
10:09So, in my opinion, we can do better.
10:20Yes
10:22Can I see?
10:25Not bad
10:26No, no, that's bad
10:28It takes too long to manufacture
10:29We need to find something other than wood
10:32You'll find one, well...
10:34Come on, let's go, we have to go to work now.
10:44How clumsy you are!
10:48You never miss one
10:50It's not my fault, it's sticky
10:52Look at
10:58Hey Hans, what are you doing?
11:01Look at
11:02No, it's just my footprint.
11:03Well, that actually gives me an idea.
11:08Listen, you tell them at the workshop that I'm sick
11:12But...
11:13Oh !
11:20Well, no
11:23I'll have to find something other than clay.
11:28The plan melts easily
11:31I'll try
11:47That's better
12:06Ah, that doesn't hold.
12:08It deteriorates in the air
12:09Ah, we need to find something else.
12:11So, does it work?
12:13Unfortunately not, lead deteriorates over time
12:15We'll have to find something else.
12:17Can you lend me some money?
12:20I need a stove
12:21A stove?
12:22To melt
12:23Other metals
12:24Try other mixtures
12:26Do you really think that's going to lead to anything?
12:28Maybe
12:29We need to see
12:32Look at this
12:32It cost me half a florin
12:34That's a lot of money.
12:35And for poor quality
12:36If I succeed
12:38We'll make a fortune
12:39Thank you, friend.
12:51So, is this it?
12:52I believe so, yes
12:53I added antimony.
12:55And I also try with a little bit of breath
12:57With breath control, are you sure?
13:01It must be good
13:07I have another idea
13:09Hey, could you lend me another florin?
13:11Eh ?
13:12I've already lent you five, Hans
13:13These are all my savings
13:15I have nothing left
13:16But this time, I'm reaching the end
13:17Do you really think so?
13:19I'm certain of it.
13:20Come back next week
13:22I will prove it to you
13:25You see?
13:26Well, with this punch
13:27I'm going to imprint a letter in the clay
13:30And this happened several times.
13:31All impressions are the same
13:33Perfect
13:34I'm pouring my secret alloy
13:37What do you mean, a secret?
13:38But not for you
13:39There is lead, tin, antimony, and copper.
13:43Look, here's the work
13:47Well, well, well
13:49Now you'll see the result
14:01It's beautiful
14:02We can do better
14:03Because, you see, I strike with the mallet
14:06It makes the board vibrate
14:07And so, as a result, the print quality isn't quite perfect.
14:10But I'll think about the problem.
14:13Hey, could you lend me some florins, please?
14:17But Hans, I've already lent you some.
14:19Let's see, it was nine and eleven
14:23Okay, it's fine, it's fine, never mind, it's not important
14:29Here, come on
14:32Let's go to work, otherwise we'll get fired.
14:36Taste my Alsatian wine
14:37Scented like a bouquet of violets
14:40Golden like angel hair
14:49But what's wrong, Hans? Are you alright?
14:52I saw, there at the inn, an absolutely extraordinary idea
14:56Come and see
14:57Tell me, innkeeper, may I see your wine press?
15:00The back room is off-limits to customers, but...
15:03If you take a shopping trip, it might be sorted out.
15:05And how much is it?
15:07Let's say a marave ten
15:08I don't have any small change, pay for it, will you, Anton?
15:11Well, let's see.
15:14So, can I see now?
15:17You can see, yes
15:22I said you could see
15:23To get it, you'd have to go shopping again.
15:33You can touch
15:36But in order to operate the mechanism, it would be necessary to...
15:39Well, you see, you know what I mean, right?
15:43Okay, okay, okay
15:44But you still do a little shopping.
16:01Okay, I'll give you this one for free.
16:08You owe me one morning, let's see, fifteen evening and tenth of June in Venice
16:15It's an investment for... for... for research and... and development
16:21Well, well, development, well, yes
16:26Between
16:29But now, Anton, you'll see
16:34What's this? Are you going to make wine now?
16:36No, my friend, I'm going to write books, lots of books.
16:40Beautiful printed books that will sell like hotcakes
16:45With this kind of wine press?
16:48Look closely, Anton
17:00Hold this for a moment
17:08Wait, you'll do that later, look, you see?
17:10I place a sheet of paper on the shape
17:12I place a sheet of paper on the shape
17:13And I serve
17:16So
17:20Strong, but not too strong
17:21So that the ink soaks in without tearing the paper
17:25You have to wait a little while, but not too long.
17:29Otherwise, the ink might spread.
17:30I unscrew it
17:34Look at
17:35Well, that's extraordinary!
17:40It's, it's even better than feminine.
17:44Your mother who succeeded
17:57Oh my God, I've ruined it!
18:00It's just a piece of paper, Anton
18:04We're going to print more.
18:06And we're going to become rich
18:08But there's a small problem
18:10Yes, that's because I need a thousand florins.
18:13Oh
18:15A thousand florins, but that's a fortune
18:18And if I understand correctly, you don't have them
18:20No, you borrowed 15 florins from me.
18:23But I'm saving 10 years
18:42Hey, hello, I'm at Hans Gutenberg's
18:45Yes
18:45I have a proposal for you.
18:50Come in!
18:51My name is Peter Schoffer, I am from Mainz
18:55I'm here to see you on behalf of Johan Fust.
18:57He's my stepfather
18:59It turns out he's heard about your work
19:01And that he would like to help you
19:03But that's interesting.
19:06Very interesting
19:08Well, Mr. Gutenberg, I think you'll be happy
19:11To return to Mainz, your hometown, to discuss it
19:16I have enough money to buy you a good horse.
19:18We can leave as early as tomorrow.
19:21So, I would like my friend Anton to come with us.
19:24He, finally, takes care of my finances
19:28You think that's really useful, huh?
19:32We're in agreement if you insist.
19:34GOOD
19:59Ah, dear Mr. Gutenberg!
20:02It's a pleasure to see you here.
20:04With your friend, of course.
20:06But please, gentlemen, sit down.
20:08The books are selling quite well
20:10The people learn to read
20:11And the middle class wants to furnish their library
20:14However, it is said that you have developed
20:16An excellent printing technique
20:21What a marvel!
20:23The letters are clear and well-drawn.
20:25Similar to each other
20:26I am ready to finance your printing company
20:30We will be partners
20:31How much do you need?
20:34Well, it would take 8000 florins
20:378000, but Hans!
20:39That's a very large sum of money.
20:41Enough to buy a castle
20:43And a few farms
20:44But I agree
20:47Give it a try!
20:49Ha, ha, ha, ha, ha, ha
20:52Ha, ha, ha, ha
21:21Here is the form that contains the characters
21:28That's perfect, so you're ready, Mr. Gutterberg?
21:33Not quite
21:34I want to print 200 Bibles on parchment and paper
21:37For the parchment, we need the skin of at least 8000 calves.
21:40We're going to buy the paper in England.
21:42And we still need 3 more presses
21:45And all of this will cost another 8000 florins.
21:498000?
21:50Another 8000 florins?
21:52That's fine, I'm happy to advance them to you.
21:54Here, Mr. Gutterberg, please sign it.
21:59But it says I have to pay you 6% interest.
22:02Oh, a mere formality, come on, don't forget we're partners
22:06This 6% is a small incentive to destroy your profits
22:09Which make them considerable
22:11Don't worry, just sign.
22:13You can now order the parchment and paper
22:31What a marvel, almost 200 Bibles are finished
22:34Exceptional quality, a fortune
22:36Well done, Mr. Kutemper!
22:40It's our turn, Peter.
22:50Okay, see, one more page
22:52Page 302, complete
22:58Mr. Fust paid 16,000 florins
23:03Bibles are just as valuable, but afterwards, you'll always have the printing press.
23:08You're finally going to become rich, Hans
23:11What I want is for everyone to have a book
23:13You'll see, Anton
23:14Even the simplest peasant will have his own Bible
23:17We are looking for a certain Hans Gutterberg, a citizen of the city of Mainz
23:21It's him, it's him
23:23Do you like Hans Gutterberg?
23:25Yes, as you wish.
23:27That's what I mean.
23:29Therefore, as a consequence, the court orders the confiscation of all your property.
23:34For what reason?
23:36You borrowed 16,000 florins from Mr. Fust
23:38On which you had to pay an annual interest of 6%
23:41You have not paid it.
23:43The seizure order has therefore been issued.
23:45But we are partners
23:47The Bibles are almost finished.
23:48Their bellies will repay the debt
23:52He's just following orders.
23:54You are being expelled, Mr. Gutterberg
23:57These men want to take over our printing works
24:01He came to get us to...
24:12Pardon
24:23Hey Hans! Hans!
24:25Wait for me, I'm coming
24:27Listen Hans, none of this is important.
24:30Believe me, we're going to start all over again.
24:32You'll see, trust me
24:34Hey, look, all is not lost, I still have some money
24:38I still have, I still have...
24:403 marave, 10
24:46But that's not all.
24:47Justice, you know, isn't always very fair.
24:51It's not a sad story
24:54Gutterberg wanted everyone to be able to have books
24:56Well, I think he succeeded
24:58By the end of his century, 10 million books had been printed
25:03Today, we produce 10 billion of them per year
25:05Heh heh heh, yes
25:07More than there are human beings in the world
25:09And that's not even counting magazines and newspapers.
25:21Discoverers shape better worlds for us
25:25Their eyes turned towards the sky, their thoughts wandered elsewhere.
25:30Spinning hands, snow of stars, planets, comets
25:35Here the man takes off, he is about to leave the ground
25:38My words are, let him fly away.
25:40Tomorrow, they will not lead us to other heavens
25:44Because for them, man is only at the beginning of his novel
25:52The discoverers
25:55The discoverers
25:58The discoverers
25:58The discoverers
25:58The discoverers
25:59The discoverers
25:59The discoverers
Comentarios