- hace 22 horas
Voler a toujours été un des rêves de l'homme. Déjà au XVe siècle, Léonard de Vinci, imaginait des machines volantes. Après les montgolfières, on cherchait maintenant à faire voler des objets plus lourds que l'air. En 1895, Otto Lilienthal et son frère Gustav inventent le planeur en effectuant des sauts en haut d'une colline. En 1899, Orville et Wilbur Wright tentent de créer un avion. Conseillés par Octave Chanute, ils devinrent les premiers à effectuer des vols tout en contrôlant leur trajectoire.
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00:28The discoverers
00:30They offer us all the guarantees of happiness
00:32Exemplary light
00:36Who enlightens, who prospers
00:38And opens the way to the dreams of humans
00:42They found levers to lift the world
00:47And thanks to them, the Earth wanted to play ring-around-the-rosie
00:52Turn, turn, all the wheels of locomotion
00:57And cars following each other in a line
01:00And they march by, then quickly speed away
01:02The discoverers
01:04I'm already dreaming of other pipe dreams.
01:06So that we may progress in the wisdom of our old age
01:13The discoverers
01:18The discoverers
01:24The oldest of human dreams
01:28What a dream, maestro!
01:42Ah, that's what I was looking for
01:48Ah yes, maestro, a dream
01:53No, come on!
01:54The dream is...
01:56See
02:01Fly ?
02:02Yes, indeed!
02:03Even the ancient Greeks
02:06Great! The Greeks again!
02:08The Greeks are back!
02:10So, as I was saying...
02:13According to a very old legend
02:15Icarus and his father, Aedalus
02:21But we will never find the way out of this labyrinth.
02:24What if the Minotaur finds us?
02:26Finally, Father, it was you who built this maze.
02:41I have an idea
02:42Quick, let's catch the chickens!
02:54With this, we'll be able to take off.
02:56But beware, Icarus
02:57Don't go too high
02:59The sun would melt the wax
03:01And all the feathers would fall out
03:03Of course, father
03:36Come back, Icarus, come back!
03:38Beware of the sun!
03:53It's a legend, of course.
03:55But flying has always been men's dream.
03:58Look, in China
04:00Do you remember?
04:01I've already told you this
04:08And in India
04:10And in the East, there was Ali Baba and his flying carpet
04:28The dream of flying
04:30Leonardo da Vinci did it more than anyone else
04:33150 machines, imagine
04:355,000 pages filled with writing
04:36To realize that muscular energy alone is not enough to make a machine fly
04:39Do you realize, children?
04:42What an imagination he had for his time!
04:44We would have to wait until 1783
04:46So that in an aerostat
04:48The Montgolfier brothers, two Frenchmen
04:50They rise into the air in free flight
04:54In 1785, a Frenchman, Blanchard, and an American, Jefferies
04:58They will attempt to cross the English Channel
05:00An epic journey
05:03The balloon is fully inflated
05:05We can go there
05:06Call you
05:07I won't do anything about it.
05:09You are welcome
05:10The honor is yours
05:12Please do
05:15If you continue like this, the balloon will deflate.
05:19Ouch!
05:22Sorry
05:23But sorry, it's my fault
05:25No, no, no, it's mine.
05:40Look, in front of us, that's Calais.
05:42Very good, really
05:44Ramon, we are losing altitude
05:51We are far too heavy
05:54I'm going to drink that
05:55That way, we'll be lighter
05:57No, if you drink it, we won't be any lighter.
06:00Throw it away
06:01Of course, I should have gone there
06:05The sandwiches
06:06Oh !
06:16One of us could jump
06:17But which one of us two?
06:19The heaviest one, of course.
06:21Oh, Blanchard, I have an idea
06:23Our clothes are heavy
06:25Okay, go ahead
06:33Oh, I forgot
06:43I had taken some wine
06:44No subordinate
06:45And I could drink it
06:51Is that all?
06:54It's an excellent Burgundy.
07:05Hooray!
07:07It's an excellent Burgundy.
07:12Hooray!
07:13Hooray!
07:14Hooray!
07:16After you, dear friend
07:19Oh, I won't do anything about it.
07:20You are welcome
07:22You are at my home, in France
07:23Okay then.
07:32You are welcome
07:33Oh no, I won't do anything about it.
07:34Oh, pass the first one
07:36Ah, if you insist
07:44Maestro, and what about the plane in all of this?
07:47Oh, since Da Vinci, the most fabulous projects had not been lacking
07:51If you like, I'll suggest a few.
07:54There is Father Lanna's gondola
07:58Guzmau's Passarolla
08:00Gérard's device
08:04There are also flying men like Bacville
08:11Thur
08:14De Groof
08:18Here are some helicopters, Wright
08:22Amico pontoon, a steam engine
08:30Pauze apples, the Castel model
08:34The mid-19th century also saw a fine array of airplanes, the Landel
08:39Thomas Moy's Arial Steamer, Arkenbach's steam engine, the flying ship of the great Thomas Edison
08:48But none of them ever took off from the ground.
08:51But there isn't much longer to wait, you see.
08:55A French engineer, Clément Adair, observes the flight of bats
09:03Is that really prudent, Mr. Adair?
09:06Bats fly, my friend, my plane will fly
09:09Let go of everything
09:13Yeah, it's going to fly, yay!
09:2450 meters, the plane flew 50 meters, it succeeded
09:28Yeah
09:32Around the same time, in Germany, Otto Lilienthal and his brother Gustave
09:38Okay, I'm going.
09:39It's always you, Otto, it's not fair
09:42I want to fly too.
09:43So, for once, you're going to leave me alone
09:45Okay, Gustave, try it
09:58It didn't work
09:59I think I know why
10:02Oh yes?
10:03You see, the heavier the pilot, the bigger the wing needs to be.
10:06The wing is too small for you
10:08My turn to try
10:20I realize
10:22This will be its two thousandth flight
10:25And each time, he goes further.
10:27I assure you, you will see
10:29Oh, look, oh, my hat!
10:31My hat
10:32Oh, oh, oh, oh, oh
10:34Oh
10:36The tragic end of Otto Lilienthal did not prevent further attempts
10:40Sometimes they're funny, like the one in England.
10:42Sister Ira Maxime, who built a huge machine with a steam engine
10:54Are you alright, Mr. Maxime?
10:57It'll be alright
10:58I believe less and less in a future for bias.
11:02In France, a new essay by Clément Adair
11:04And its consequences
11:08Excuse me, Mr. Adair
11:10But you have just demonstrated to us that aviation has no future.
11:13Around the same time, near Lake Michigan, in the United States
11:16An old scholar, Octave Chanute, wants to make his assistants fly.
11:19Okay, that doesn't work, well, let's try something else
11:38Well, there you go.
11:39The first people to actually get the airplane airborne were the Wright brothers, two American cyclists.
11:45The wings must be very large because their surface area provides lift for the glider.
11:50Yes, but then how do we direct it?
11:53Hey, look
12:01We need to try to understand
12:03Caution above all
12:05Let's not forget that Lilienthal killed himself
12:07You're right
12:08Caution above all
12:17I said it clearly, caution above all
12:20We should consult Chanute
12:22Yes, he knows everything.
12:30My name is Wilbur Wright
12:33And I, Orville Wright
12:35We manufacture bicycles
12:37But you see, we want to fly
12:40So, would you like to advise us?
12:42Oh, but where does this passion for flying instead of cycling come from?
12:49Well, there you have it, it's a story that goes back more than twenty years.
12:53One day, our father, the Reverend Milton Wright, gave us a toy for Christmas.
12:59A type of helicopter
13:00There you go!
13:12So, the passion has remained with us.
13:16Yes, we were fascinated by what Lilienthal did
13:19And we read your book
13:21Progress in flying machines
13:23So here it is
13:24So
13:29We need to start trying to understand how the air supports this paper glider
13:34And to calculate it
13:36Then you have to fly, fly, and fall
13:39Until everything is understood, said Lilienthal
13:42Here's a little gift
13:43It's an anemometer for measuring wind speed
13:49Thank you, sir.
13:50Come back and see me, young Jean
13:56Orville, come help me
13:59Next week, we're going to do a test
14:13Excellent, a steady wind of fifteen kilometers per hour, we'll see.
14:24Heads or tails?
14:25Face
14:26Hop
14:27Oh, face, it's your turn
14:34It works, it works
14:51So
14:51This is a completely personal opinion
14:53Well, I believe no one will fly for another thousand years.
14:56So much pessimism over a few insignificant minor ailments
15:00So, young Jean, remember what Lilienthal said
15:03Flying and falling to learn not to fall again
15:07The problem is that we can't control the device.
15:10Okay, so, to direct it, think about it
15:13What would be needed?
15:16Well, a steering rudder
15:18Well, there you go, seek and you shall find
15:21And the wings don't carry enough to support the weight of a man
15:25So what?
15:26So, we would need to enlarge them
15:28Or rather, modify their shape
15:30Well, there you go.
15:31He's right, we need to think about it.
15:34While being very careful
15:36By paying close attention to where we are going
15:38Yes indeed
15:39Oh, my hat!
15:50Oh, well then
15:53Great, it works!
15:56Come on, let's have lunch
16:05How did they make that work?
16:23You see, the rounded front provides better lift.
16:27It's a matter of airflow.
16:29Our wings are flexible
16:30With a wire connected to the controls
16:32They can be folded
16:34And at the same time
16:35Rotate the tail fin
16:44Mr. Augustus, my insistent
16:46He was keen to see you fly
16:48We are ready for our test
16:50Heads or tails?
16:51Face
16:54Heads up, it's your turn
17:06Fantastic
17:0726-second flight
17:08Distance of almost 200 meters
17:10Well done, well done children
17:12Well done
17:16Did you see?
17:18Your commands affect the wings
17:20You made the rear wing
17:21To a rudder
17:23Bravo, bravo
17:24All you need now is an engine
17:26To propel the...
17:28A shutter motor?
17:29Hehehehe, yes
17:30To my knowledge, there is already a French Captain Ferber working there.
17:34And let's not forget Professor Langlais
17:37Yes, yes, yes
17:38It seems he even did some tests, sir.
17:40Well, we're working on it too.
17:43Oh yes ?
17:44A petrol engine?
17:46See, all our calculations are there
17:49Eh ?
17:50Ah yeah, ah
17:58That works
18:00Wilbur, Wilbur
18:01English fell through the cracks.
18:05What do you mean? Come on, tell me, tell me.
18:06That was just eight days ago
18:08They had built a bridge over the Potomac
18:11The aircraft was a four-seater propeller plane with a gasoline engine
18:14And immediately after the launch
18:17Let that not stop us from trying, heads or tails
18:21Face
18:22Heads? Ah, you won!
18:36My turn now, Orville
18:4756 seconds, 57
18:4959
18:51Almost a minute
18:52You ran 260 meters, we won!
18:55Think, damn insights
18:57This flight was a major event
18:59For the first time, man was truly flying
19:02And very soon, the Wrights would do even better.
19:05September 1904
19:06They travel 1240 meters
19:09And this time, they are perfectly piloting their flight
19:13We did it, we did it!
19:15Yes, but what a shame that no one from the press thought it worthwhile to come
19:20Because nobody wanted to believe in these thefts
19:23No, no, Mr. Wright
19:24We are not interested in your invention.
19:27No way !
19:28The American military doesn't believe for a second that this flying device exists.
19:32Those jokers are Brother Wright, indeed
19:35Air of circles in the air, it's a bluff.
19:38Flying more than a kilometer, that's a bit of an exaggeration, isn't it?
19:42Anyway, I'm telling you.
19:43Aviation has no future, can you believe me on that?
19:46Yes, as with all inventions, nobody wanted to believe it.
19:50However, with the Wright brothers, the age of aviation had truly begun.
19:55In Europe, people still played with kites.
19:58The Vetsari covered a few meters
20:01Solirène falls into the water
20:02Gabriel Voisin still manages to cover a few meters
20:06As for Arctéacon's glider, it is powered by a Renault car.
20:12Meanwhile, in the United States
20:1937 minutes, 37 kilometers, 38 minutes, 38 kilometers
20:23Yes, we'll show them what we can do, go ahead!
20:27Personally, I don't believe the Wrights accomplished all of these feats.
20:30What do you think, Farman?
20:32I don't believe it either.
20:34When I think about the difficulties we have staying in the air for a few minutes
20:39Well, you're mistaken, gentlemen.
20:41I assure you that the Wrights do indeed fly.
20:44If you have any doubts, why not organize a competition?
20:50Is this the device you're going to steal?
20:52Yes, you see, I fully intend to win
20:54This time, they'll have no choice but to believe me.
21:02Buy the Wilbur Wright cap
21:04Buy the cap
21:06First event, a complete lap of the track
21:10He won't succeed
21:11Look at the trees, it will never grow that high there.
21:32Now, an endurance flight to break the record for time spent in the air.
21:45Eight and a half minutes, he's already beaten your record, Blériot
21:50He's been flying for half an hour now, fantastic!
21:54Yes !
21:56Thirty-nine minutes, a new era is opening up to us
21:59Mr. Wright, would you like to take Mrs. Berg for a spin around the track?
22:04It gives him so much pleasure
22:06But with joy, Madam
22:10Oh !
22:21Yes !
22:23Thank you, that was very interesting.
22:27Oh, isn't that cute?
22:30What a silhouette, right?
22:31Taking small steps is so elegant.
22:33The latest fashionable skirts
22:35Buy! See!
22:38Like the passengers on an airplane, look
22:45In just a few years, the man had learned to fly.
22:48In the year 1909...
22:51Buy the Daily Mail, £6,000 reward for whoever crosses the Channel by plane
22:55Buy the Daily Mail!
22:56A fortune, 25,000 gold francs
23:03It's magnificent, I'm sure you'll win
23:09It's a superb plane, I'm sure it will win
23:13Good luck
23:14The Antoinette has proven itself, Mr. Latam
23:16You must win
23:17Well, I certainly intend to, Mr. Bassist
23:26Oh! Oh! Oh!
23:33Sorry, Mr. Wright, I crashed your airplane.
23:36Well, it's not your fault, a gust of wind
23:39Wright's airplane broke down
23:41Unfortunately, it was a beautiful airplane.
23:42And Latam?
23:44Well, it just took off
24:04Okay, you can go now.
24:18And as for England, I don't see anything.
24:23Ah, that's Earth, yes
24:24Yes, the wind blew me away.
24:33Mr Blair, do you want something to declare?
24:36Are you a journalist?
24:37No, I'm a customs officer.
24:39The era of the great pioneers will soon come to an end.
24:41Aviation has become a reality
24:44That the coming great war will demonstrate
24:47And progress will follow in its turn
24:521921, a woman, Adrienne Bonan
24:54Cross the Cordillera de Ordes
24:571927, Charles Lindbergh crosses the Atlantic
25:041949, the first jet airliner
25:07Will be the British comet
25:10Nowadays, all of this seems so normal to us.
25:13I would even say banal
25:15And yet, imagine
25:18barely 100 years ago
25:20We couldn't even get off the ground
25:22Discoverers shape better worlds for us
25:26Eyes towards the sky
25:28Their thoughts wander elsewhere
25:32Star-snow hand-twisting
25:34Planets, comets
25:37Here the man takes off
25:38He will leave the ground
25:39My words are that he should fly away
25:41Tomorrow they will lead us to other heavens
25:46Because for them, man
25:47He is only at the beginning of his novel
25:53The discoverers
25:57The discoverers
25:58Subtitling by Radio-Canada
26:01Subtitling by Radio-Canada
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