- hace 11 horas
Depuis l'antiquité, les messages se sont transmis de plus en plus vite. En 1890, en Italie, Guillaume Marconi rentre à l'école technique. Synthétisant les divers travaux entrepris sur le télégramme et sur la propagation des ondes, il va révolutionner les communications.
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00:28The discoverers
00:30They offer us all the guarantees of happiness
00:32Exemplary light
00:36Who enlightens, who prospers
00:38And opens the way to the dreams of humans
00:43They found levers to lift the world
00:47And thanks to them, the Earth wanted to play ring-around-the-rosie
00:52Turn, turn, all the wheels of locomotion
00:57And cars following each other in a line
01:00And they defy, then quickly flee
01:02The discoverers
01:04I'm already dreaming of other pipe dreams.
01:06So that we may progress in the wisdom of our old age
01:13The discoverers
01:18The discoverers
01:24You seem very sad, Théb
01:26Yet, you will rule over all of Upper Egypt
01:29I know, but the princess I love is far away in Lower Egypt
01:32Ask him to come and meet you here
01:35Yes, you're right.
01:36However, our enemies are watching us.
01:38Let's send a secret message, let's be careful.
01:40I present to you every mass
01:42He is our best secret messenger
01:44And no one, not even him, will know the contents of the message.
02:04Now, deduce your message
02:05But be careful, nobody must hear it.
02:18Now all that's left to do is wait.
02:21It's taking so long
02:25Excellent
02:25It's absolutely undecipherable.
02:29Okay, you can go.
02:45Oh, princess
02:47A messenger for you
02:49Ah yes, let him in
03:03Ah, Rosiris, he loves me
03:05Quickly, bring in a scribe
03:19It's long
03:22Well, it's completely illegible.
03:29Go
03:42We're going to jump on the messenger!
03:50Dan
03:51We know you come from Lower Egypt
03:53And that your mission is to deliver a secret message to Upper Egypt
03:56No, I don't have anything at all.
04:00THANKS
04:01He has nothing
04:02Perhaps it's not our happiness
04:04Yes, okay, that's fine.
04:04Okay, you can leave now.
04:20Over time, men will want messages to travel much faster.
04:24Thus, the Greeks
04:26Great, the Greeks, I knew it!
04:28The what, the Greeks?
04:30This happened over 3000 years ago during the Trojan War
04:52Victory to King Agamemnon
04:54The Greeks won the battle
04:56Send a message to the queen right away
05:00No, no, no, I have a much faster way
05:12Look, Your Majesty
05:13A message, Maestros, where is Maestros?
05:17I'm here, behind you, Clitemnette
05:19And I did see the message.
05:20SO ?
05:27SO ?
05:28SO ?
05:28I'll wait a moment.
05:30Good
05:31The Trojan War is over
05:33We won
05:36Agamemnon returns home
05:37He requests that a leg of lamb be prepared for him for dinner.
05:40He also requests that the leg of lamb be accompanied by fresh green beans.
05:43And let's not forget the wine of Neme
05:47Over time, we will find increasingly faster ways to transmit messages.
05:51Even before the discovery of North America
05:53The Indians
05:59Quiet little bear, you must quickly send a message to Sly Fox
06:03You'll tell him that our evening meal is approaching towards the setting sun, you see?
06:07Let him and his brave hunters be ready, you see?
06:18That's it, Sly Fox has figured it out
06:20They gather the warriors for the hunt
06:25The bison have arrived, my brothers
06:27Get ready
06:35Wait, there's another message
06:38The old man told us that for his dinner, he would like his bison served with small apples.
06:43reds
06:45Thus, over the centuries, we will try to communicate faster and faster.
06:49One of the most effective systems was invented by the Frenchman Claude Chape in 1793.
06:56This man never reassures me.
07:06Would you please close the door, and the window at the same time?
07:10That's it, everything is closed, nothing else, nothing comes out, right?
07:15Um...
07:15No, nothing, but... but why, you ask, maestro?
07:19Um...
07:20Oh no, it's...
07:21No, it's...
07:23No, well, listen everyone, you see...
07:27Uh... there you go
07:29And where does this music come from, children?
07:32Well, she's from the radio, you know.
07:34Well, I'll tell you where it really comes from.
07:36She comes...
07:42We can even do better
07:47So, you believe that nothing goes in or out of this room?
07:50Yet, look at the sunbeams
07:53That's not fair, maestro
07:55Because the sun's rays pass through the windows
07:57Well, there are many things
07:59Invisible waves, for example, that pass through windows, walls, and closed doors.
08:04Oh! Invisible, you say?
08:06Yes! We only see the rays of light.
08:08But if we could see the others
08:10Imagine for a moment...
08:12But... No, but what the...
08:14No, but...
08:15But that would be utter confusion.
08:17You can believe me
08:17A German, Henri Hertz, took it upon himself to transmit these waves
08:24It was therefore possible to create waves and transmit them very quickly.
08:28How fast, huh?
08:31At the speed of light, 300,000 kilometers per second
08:34You still had to know how to use them
08:36And it was an Italian, Guillaume Marconi, who first had the idea.
08:39He was a handyman and very, very curious.
08:41As a child, he was already engaging in all sorts of experiments.
08:49Oh! Guillaume! Again!
08:54Your father is going to be furious
08:55You are unbearable.
08:57But Mom, I just wanted to see if I could create a magnetic field.
09:09That's very ingenious, Guillaume
09:10How did you do that?
09:13My sewing machine
09:15But I need it
09:16Oh! Don't worry, Mom
09:18I'll put it back up when the chicken is cooked
09:22You see, Giuseppe, he's clever
09:24Yes, but I'd prefer if he broke fewer things.
09:34That's it, I'll say it again.
09:36This way, officer.
09:37I swear to you, it's the Marconi family.
09:39Alcohol? You did say he distills alcohol.
09:42Yes, officer
09:45Police! In the name of the law, let me in.
09:48What? The law? But why? What's the matter?
09:51Distillation and alcohol production are prohibited.
09:54Alcohol at my place?
09:56We'll see
09:58Inspection search
10:00Okay, so what is this?
10:08Well, this is the attic
10:09My son likes to come and have fun there sometimes
10:11Ah, he's having fun, let's see.
10:16Ah, but it's alcohol.
10:19Ah, the clandestine distillery, sir.
10:21But what are you doing, my little Guillaume?
10:23It's an experience, Dad
10:25The distillation of alcohol
10:26But anyway, it's forbidden
10:28Yes, that is my young son, Your Honor.
10:31Finally, he's always experimenting.
10:32And nonsense
10:35Here, go ahead, take them
10:36Yes, yes, yes, I insist
10:38Yeah, okay, that's good.
10:39But don't you dare do that again.
10:42And take that thing apart for me
11:01So, Guillaume, what about the academy?
11:03Well, Dad, I failed the exams
11:06Well, you're just a good-for-nothing.
11:08What are we going to do with him? He's failing at everything.
11:10Hey, he could succeed at technical school, right?
11:13Hey, where on earth is that going to lead?
11:15I'm asking you
11:16The dynamo produces an electric current
11:18Which is transmitted by these threads that are here
11:20Bring them closer, Guillaume
11:22Thanks to this, messages can be transmitted over long distances.
11:24That's the telegraph, look
11:32We should be able to do without the wire
11:34A wireless telegraph, come on, let's see
11:36You're dreaming, Guillaume
11:39With the spanking coherer and the pop-off antenna
11:41The higher they were, the further away they could be placed.
11:49Eat something, I've prepared everything you need, Guillaume
12:05Yes, Mom, yes
12:07So we should be able to transmit messages wirelessly around the world in the same way.
12:11Oh, a wireless telegraph? You must be dreaming, Guillaume.
12:16Where is Guillaume?
12:17In the attic, you know, he's working
12:19Working, yes, but I'd say more like smashing everything up
12:25Hey, you're doing us the honor of coming to dinner with us.
12:27Oh my God, Guillaume, what on earth is wrong with you?
12:30Oh, it's nothing, Mum, it's just a little incident, that's all.
12:40Mommy, mommy, come see
12:43Yes, I'm coming, I'm coming
12:47That's it, Mom, I did it!
12:48Come on, I want you to be the first to see this
12:50Go ahead, press that little lever, go ahead
12:54So
12:55You can see that there is no wire
12:57Press again
12:58Yes
12:59It's like a telegraph, but without any wires
13:02Now, I need to find a way to increase the transmission distance.
13:05Then I would have finally invented the wireless telegraph and you could be proud of me
13:13Okay, you can go.
13:22But won't obstacles, hills, and walls block the waves?
13:28Mr. Marconi, waves disperse with distance, that's well known.
13:31Do you see that you can pick them up 20 kilometers from here?
13:35Well, the sun is 50 million kilometers away.
13:38Yet, we perceive these rays
13:40Do you agree? We can feel its influence.
13:42That's ridiculous, come on, we know that nothing equals the power of the sun
13:46And you want to do the same?
13:47Until we can do the same, we will simply transmit it over there.
13:52My assistant is waiting for the transmission
13:54Well, winter, if you manage it, then I'll eat my hat.
14:03So
14:04Well, how can we know if it's a real message? Could someone be cheating?
14:09Since you know Morse code, ask a question, sir.
14:13Yes, I'm going to ask what two times three is.
14:25Well, two times three, yes, if you want
14:27We don't cheat
14:28Your hat, please
14:30You promised to eat your hat
14:32So, enjoy your meal, sir.
14:34But the Italians have little interest in Marconi's work
14:39In 1896, they will therefore be in England
14:48Hey, look, there are suitcases!
14:51Bombs are terrorists.
14:54Quick, fly!
14:57Stop!
14:59What's in those suitcases?
15:01Bombs?
15:01No, it's a radio
15:02What, I know about that thing?
15:05Open
15:13No, but stop it!
15:15You're going to break my equipment
15:17Silas!
15:17We need to check
15:20My equipment!
15:21No, no, but that's not right
15:22You're breaking everything here.
15:27Okay, everything is in order.
15:29Pass
15:32There you go, Mr. Minister
15:33We will exchange signals
15:35Between England and France
15:36Distance, 46 kilometers
15:38And all this without a single wire.
15:40That makes almost 30,000
15:43That's huge
15:44Do you really believe that?
15:46You'll see
15:48Communication established
15:49Well done, Mr. Marconi!
15:51We are interested in your invention
15:56Higher
15:58We are in Canada
15:59The message is going to England
16:01More than 3000 kilometers away
16:02The antenna needs to be very long
16:08She put me on earth
16:13Go ahead, shoot
16:15Go ahead, shoot
16:17So
16:24The first transatlantic radio broadcast
16:27Will be carried out
16:27From Newfoundland to Cornwall
16:29Now is the time
16:48It works, south, it's full
16:53What are we doing here?
16:54In this freezing cold
16:56Install a radio station
16:57Near the North Pole
16:58To transmit in all directions
17:01Cape Breton
17:02Here we are, we've arrived.
17:10So we're going to stretch out an antenna net
17:12Right there
17:13And another one up there
17:14Yes, that should be fine.
17:15Good
17:16Come on
17:17Go ahead
17:17Go now
17:38Yes
17:39I was able to establish contact
17:41With three ships separated by distance
17:42from each other
17:43Several hundred kilometers
17:44The invention of radio
17:46It was the beginning of a new era
17:47Information could be transmitted
17:49From one end of the Earth to the other
17:51And all this in the space of a few seconds.
17:52For the first time in history
17:54The ships could communicate with each other
17:56And with the mainland
17:57Thus, in 1909
18:13Oh !
18:14Oh !
18:15Oh !
18:19Bench, we need to switch to SOS
18:21Quickly
18:24Indicate our location
18:2526,000 southwest of Nantiquette
18:28Seek immediate assistance
18:42All that's left is a distress flare.
18:45Captain, help is on its way
18:46They are approaching
18:47Now, decrease the speed
18:49That's it, they'll be approaching us soon.
18:50Gently
18:54Go ahead, captain
18:55Launch your rocket
18:56They are all ready
19:02Come on, Vince
19:03We are saved
19:17For the first time
19:18Ships could call for their help
19:20Boats dozens of miles apart
19:22Or hundreds of kilometers
19:24But alas, this will not always prevent tragedies.
19:53Nothing to be done, captain
19:54I can't reach them
19:56Their radio station is constantly busy
19:58Try again
19:59We absolutely must contact them
20:00They are heading straight for disaster
20:02Attention, attention
20:04Iceberg, straight ahead
20:05Hazard
20:15Extraordinary
20:31Thanks to its radio transmitter
20:32The Titanic sent despite everything
20:33An SOS that was heard
20:35And many ships
20:36They arrived to rescue the shipwrecked survivors
20:37740 passengers
20:39They were saved nonetheless.
20:40Thanks to the radio
20:41That's about one in three
20:42And that's the tragedy.
20:43Who introduced radio to the world
20:44And contributed to Marconi's glory
20:49Mr. Marconi
20:50The British government
20:52Offers you 200,000 pounds
20:54For the exploitation of your invention
20:56The Italian government 20 million lire
20:59Mexico 50,000 pesos
21:01The United States of America
21:03Half a million dollars
21:04Brazil, Poland, Spain, Argentina
21:09What am I going to do with all this money?
21:20Who said that?
21:21No, something very important
21:22Dear friend
21:23Please excuse me for a moment.
21:26I'm coming back
21:29Yes, that's it.
21:32Yes, I'm sure.
21:33That we could also transmit the images
21:35But how?
21:37Marconi was thinking about television at the time.
21:38But it was still too early.
21:40Finally, it's already thanks to him
21:41That radio has spread
21:42Worldwide
21:52As laid-back as me
22:03So, what about the maestros and television?
22:05So, when are we going to invent television?
22:08Oh yes, after all
22:10It's also a story of waves
22:11But these waves needed to be amplified.
22:14And as often happens, chance will work things out.
22:30Choclet, would you please turn on the radio?
22:44Ah, but what are you doing?
22:47Well, we're looking, boss.
22:48I certainly hope so, since you are researchers
22:50Does it seem that way to you?
22:52But actually, what are we looking for, Brittany?
22:54A small square pitonio with three metal rods, please.
22:56And what's the point, huh?
22:58Well, I don't know yet, Bardine
22:59But I feel it could be useful.
23:06Here, look, I found this
23:11Well, it's not what we were looking for, but anyway
23:16Hey, I bet that's it.
23:20So, what are you going to do with it? Huh?
23:23Tell me a little bit
23:25Be careful, Walter, he's still plugged in
23:42Do you realize, guys, that thing amplifies the current?
23:45Ah, I suspected as much, this thing is causing the electric current to switch
23:48Like water in a waterfall
24:12So, you're still looking, aren't you?
24:15Oh no, no, no, no, chief, we've found it!
24:17It's so small I can hardly see it
24:23Is that it, maestro?
24:26Ah yes, thank you, Pierrot
24:28Look at the thing
24:29It's small, but it changed our world
24:31It transformed him, shook him up, turned him upside down, metamorphosed him.
24:35And what else do I know?
24:37Wow, such a small pitonio, what is it?
24:40Well, this, children, is a transistor radio
24:43Huh? But that's it, a transistor, that's it, maestro!
24:47Hey, what is this?
24:53That's what a transistor is.
24:54It can amplify the current
24:56detect it
24:57Or even modulate it
24:58It's useful for almost everything.
24:59In televisions, computers, washing machines
25:02Airplanes, rockets, satellites
25:03And so on.
25:04Thanks to this, we communicate
25:06We are traveling
25:07We see everything that happens in the world
25:09And yes, that's it, that's progress.
25:20The discoverers
25:21They are shaping better worlds for us
25:23Eyes towards the sky
25:26Their thoughts wander elsewhere
25:29Star-snow hand-twisting
25:32Planets, comets
25:34Here the man takes off
25:36He will leave the ground
25:37My words are that they fly away
25:39Tomorrow, they will lead us
25:41No other firmaments
25:44Because for them, man
25:45He is only at the beginning of his novel
25:50The discoverers
25:51The discoverers
25:55The discoverers
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