- hace 2 días
Dès la préhistoire, des hommes avaient la fonction de médecin. Leurs méthodes de guérison étaient rudimentaires et ils étaient également sorciers ou druides. En −370, Hippocrate fut le premier à exercer la médecine en se basant sur l'observation. En 160, Galien rédige les traités de médecine qui feront foi pendant plus de mille ans. En 1530, le jeune Ambroise Paré quitte Laval pour Paris où il souhaite devenir médecin.
Categoría
😹
DiversiónTranscripción
00:28The discoverers
00:30They offer us all the guarantees of happiness
00:32An exemplary light
00:36Who enlightens, who prospers
00:38And opens the way to the dreams of humans
00:43They found levers to lift the world
00:47And thanks to them, the Earth wanted to play ring-around-the-rosie
00:52Turn, turn, all the wheels of locomotion
00:57And cars following each other in a line
01:00And they march by, then quickly speed away
01:02The discoverers
01:04I'm already dreaming of other pipe dreams.
01:06So that we may progress in the wisdom of our old age
01:13The discoverers
01:14The discoverers
01:33Oh, my rheumatism is flaring up again.
01:41Oh, it's probably the humidity.
01:45Or age
01:47Well, kids, you're not feeling great today.
01:51I have a headache
01:52And a trap-arum
01:54I sprained my ankle playing football
01:58For me, it's the arm
02:05You wouldn't have smoked a cigarette, would you?
02:08If you have a stomachache, it might be from eating.
02:11That's life
02:12Humans have always had minor injuries.
02:14Injuries, illnesses
02:17In the past, people didn't know how to heal themselves.
02:20And people lived much shorter lives
02:24Keep in mind prehistory
02:26My head hurts, it won't stop
02:29What can I do?
02:31We'll ask the wizard, he'll know.
02:34Hey, wizard!
03:00Does it hurt?
03:00What's wrong?
03:01Okay, okay, I'll stop.
03:02Are you in more pain?
03:03If
03:05Yeah, I see a slight headache.
03:08A what?
03:11A headache, a headache, that's all.
03:14Oh really, I already knew that.
03:16Can you treat me?
03:18Of course, wait.
03:21Eh ?
03:22Hey, what are you doing?
03:24Oh, wait!
03:25Don't worry
03:29To begin with, I'm going to shave your head
03:32Oh really?
03:48It hurts more here
03:50Where?
03:52Uh, there, and then there
03:55Well, well, well, perhaps we should know
03:59You have a little sadness in your head
04:02That's why you're in pain.
04:04I'm going to get her out
04:05How so ?
04:07I'm going to make a small hole
04:09Are you sure?
04:11Who is the wizard here?
04:13Ah, it's you
04:14So shut up
04:24That's a nice hole.
04:26Are you still in pain?
04:28Yeah, my hole hurts now
04:31Ah, so your head doesn't hurt anymore.
04:33You're cured
04:37You can leave
04:38This is what medicine must have been like at that time.
04:42Oh, and does that help heal a small hole in the head?
04:46Sometimes, all it takes is belief to heal.
04:49Are you still in pain?
04:51Oh, no, no, no
04:52I'm in more pain, my head hurts more
04:56Medicine is always a little bit magical.
04:59Acupuncture was invented in China.
05:02Treatment with small needles
05:05In Babylon, they consulted the stars
05:08In Egypt, doctors were priests.
05:11Scientific medicine originated in ancient Greece.
05:15Its most brilliant representative would be Hippocrates
05:18Who will establish a foundation on the island of Kos?
05:20A hospital and a medical school
05:22He will be the initiator of clinical observation
05:26Observe
05:27One, two, three, four, five
05:30Now, we need to examine the patient.
05:33Put your ear to her chest
05:36You will hear a sound like leather
05:38Whether folded and unfolded
05:43Indeed, it's like a creaking sound.
05:45The flègue is drowning my lungs.
05:48The sick person needs to be warmed up
05:50Until his nature took over
05:53Have some hot water bags brought in
05:57Hello, Hippocrates
05:58What are you suffering from?
06:00Another day, while lifting a large stone
06:06I see what it is
06:08A dislocation
06:09Come this way
06:18Warning, this is going to hurt a little
06:20But afterwards, you'll feel better.
06:24Oh, the arm joint has popped out of the shoulder joint
06:27It's a minor incident.
06:29But we mustn't delay.
06:31To put it back in place
06:41You see, when the face is yellow and the liver is hard
06:45The stomach ache is a hot gastritis
06:47Tell me, what have you been eating these past few days?
06:51Let's see
06:54Let's see
06:55On the days of the Olympic Games, I ate a porcelain
06:58All of it?
06:59Oh, and can you?
07:01The next day, Thessaloniki sausages
07:03At noon
07:04A veal shank in the evening
07:06Then yesterday, grilled octopus.
07:08Lots of grilled octopus
07:13I understand
07:14The human body is composed of blood, phlegm, yellow marbles, and black marbles.
07:20A man is holy when his elements are in a just proportion
07:24And its elements are the equivalent of the four components of the universe.
07:27Earth, water, air and fire
07:34You've eaten too much and your moods are out of balance.
07:37I can treat you, but you must follow my instructions.
07:40You need to purge yourself first.
07:42Drink this mixture of water, honey, and vinegar.
07:44Then for three days, you will consume this light broth.
07:51Therefore, your body will neither become dehydrated nor sluggish.
07:54I'm going to make you bleed a little now.
07:56To eliminate the black ball from your blood
07:59My children, you have chosen to practice medicine, the noblest of professions.
08:03Now, each of you will take an oath
08:08Ariston, I swear by Apollo that according to my strength and ability
08:14I will fulfill the following commitment
08:18I will treat the sick to their best advantage, according to my judgment.
08:21And I will abstain from all evil and all injustice
08:25What a patient might reveal to me will remain a secret.
08:29I will practice my art in innocence and purity in whatever houses I enter.
08:35To this day, some twenty-five centuries later
08:38This oath is taken by doctors
08:41Science today allows us to know many more things
08:45But Hippocrates' great precepts remain valid to this day.
08:51So, children, how are you feeling?
08:55Do you need medical attention?
08:58No, no, I can move my arm
09:00My headache doesn't hurt anymore.
09:02And as for me, my cold is gone.
09:05I can run like a hare
09:10Tell yourself, maybe a good purge?
09:13No, no, it's fine, but I could really go for something to eat.
09:22The fever continues
09:25Our remedies are ineffective, Marc Oral
09:27We don't know what to do to cure you, my emperor.
09:32Bunch of incompetents
09:34Marcus, find me another doctor
09:37I heard about a doctor from Pergamon
09:41His name is Galen
09:43But they have nothing
09:46From what I know, he was only good at treating gladiators.
09:50However, I was told he had talent.
09:53Bring him here
09:55So, Galien, you're not going to take my blow?
09:57No need, I know what you have and what can cure you
10:03That's it, he's crazy, yes
10:07So, Galen, speak
10:09You simply ate too much and ate poorly.
10:12If you were an ordinary man, I would give you wine with pepper to drink.
10:18But you are a non-emperor
10:20SO ?
10:21We're going to put a plaster on your stomach
10:24That will relieve you a little bit.
10:27Come back and see me tomorrow
10:33Marcus, bring me that pepper wine he mentioned too.
10:37Hi Galien, your remedy is excellent!
10:39I feel completely invigorated
10:41I thought my plaster would be useful to you.
10:45Especially if, as I believe you did
10:47You paired it with a little peppery wine.
10:51Galen will become rich and famous
10:53His studies allowed him to discover the nervous system and the brain
10:57For him, the seat of the soul
10:59While the liver is the reservoir where food is transformed into blood
11:04The countless medical treatises he wrote
11:07will serve as a reference for over a thousand years
11:10During the centuries that followed
11:12major epidemics will strike humanity
11:15The deadliest one would arrive in Europe in the 14th century
11:24Spices, silks, precious stones, perfumes from Oria
11:27Back from Italy, we're going to be rich, rich
11:32This is Kaffa, a warehouse for Italian merchants.
11:36We're going to take the town of Assos; it's going to bring us a fortune.
11:41We share, you and I
11:43Of course you're saying we'll share
12:05Tomorrow we'll all go up to the mud pit, they won't last long
12:10The men are sick; some of them are completely black.
12:14They have these big balls all over them
12:17There are some who can no longer move
12:24We no longer have enough men to take the city
12:30We're leaving
12:31Yes, but first, we're going to leave them a souvenir.
12:35You'll see
12:36Voudel, come this way
12:40Put these bodies on catapults and hurl them into the city
12:48It's horrible
12:50But it's the plague.
12:51The plague, the black
12:53We must flee
13:03A few weeks later, the ship will reach Italy
13:08Almost everyone on board will be dead
13:23The plague will spread throughout Europe
13:27In Avignon, the Pope
13:29Millions dead in Italy, in England
13:34Even in the north, in the kingdom of Denmark
13:36And no cure in sight
13:38Faith, my son
13:40Faith alone will save us
13:42A pilgrimage to Rome, that's what's needed
13:45One million pilgrims came to Rome
13:47They will die of the Black Death
13:50Those were years spent in hiding.
13:53War, family, epidemic
13:56And how did they treat it, you see?
13:59You have a fever, a bloodletting
14:01You have a fever, a purge
14:04You have a fever, a clistère
14:07Yes indeed, clistère, bloodletting, purge
14:11That was the panacea of the time.
14:13But all of this is going to change
14:16With the renaissance, we will try
14:17To better understand the human organism
14:22Leonardo da Vinci made accurate anatomical drawings
14:25Rézal publishes an extraordinary work on anatomy
14:28And attempts to correct Galen's errors
14:31Of course, this will cause a general outcry.
14:33And then there was Ambroise Paré
14:35A man with an extraordinary destiny
14:40Ambrose, Ambrose, please, where are you?
14:42Here I am
14:43Do you want to give it a sweep?
14:45Look, it's not clean
14:46Yes, father
14:53Quickly, the doctor at the neighbor's house is calling for the barber.
15:02SO ?
15:03Well, it's routine.
15:06Bleeding and sensual
15:07And you think that will cure the patient?
15:10Because the doctor said so
15:12I want to be a doctor
15:14My poor Ambrose
15:16You have no education
15:17You know neither Greek nor Latin
15:20Because you need to speak Latin to treat people
15:23This is necessary to learn the names of the organs of the human body.
15:26That of diseases
15:29No, Ambroise, you have to work
15:31You will be a kitchen boy
15:34Marmiton?
15:34Kitchen helper
15:35I found you a job in Angers
15:38I'm going to be a doctor, to treat people
15:41Yes, my little one.
15:42But it's not a job for poor people
15:58Where can I find Paul?
16:00Paul Paré?
16:01Over there, in the second room on the left
16:03Twelve suction cups, is that clear?
16:06Yes, doctor
16:07Twelve suction cups
16:09Oh, Ambroise, my little brother
16:11But what are you doing here?
16:12I thought you were a cook in Angers
16:16I ran away, I don't want to be a kitchen boy
16:18I am going to be a doctor
16:19But that's impossible, come on!
16:22You know neither Greek nor Latin
16:23So I'm going to be a barber-surgeon
16:26Wait
16:27I need to apply my suction cups.
16:29You have an anxiety about having a nosebleed.
16:31That's what the doctor said.
16:34What is epistaxis?
16:37It's a nosebleed
16:38You see, you don't know Latin
16:40You can't be a doctor
16:41Well, I could still treat a nosebleed.
16:44Without knowing that it's called epistaxis, right?
16:48You don't believe it, Paul? No?
16:52So, little one, you want to be a barber-surgeon?
16:55Okay, well, to start with, you'll be a nursing assistant
16:59We'll see what happens next.
17:04You see, when you want to drain an abscess, you make a quick incision, all in one go.
17:11You'll open an abscess, Ambrose
17:15And you will let the pus drain, otherwise it will poison the body.
17:19You're talented, Ambroise
17:21I award you the diploma of master barber-surgeon
17:24What are you going to do now?
17:26Well, I'm going to enlist in Marshal Montjean's army.
17:30Professor Courtin, who is leaving for the war in Piedmont?
17:32I could relieve the suffering of the injured and gain experience.
17:36That's good, kid, good luck
17:38And come see me again when you return
17:40You see, the arc-bus is a diabolical invention.
17:47It inflicts terrible injuries.
17:51Poisoned
17:52Poisoned?
17:54So we treat it with this, boiling oil
17:56It hurts a lot
17:59And we couldn't find anything less cruel?
18:02No, nothing
18:10Arc-bus injury, boiling oil
18:14There is no more boiling oil
18:21We won't be able to provide treatment today, I'm leaving
18:27Thanks, friend
18:30So they can't treat me
18:32And I'm going to die like a rat
18:34Listen, I'm going to take care of you, just wait.
18:41What are you doing, Amboise?
18:43There's no more oil
18:44So I prepare a mixture
18:46To take care of these poor people
18:47A mixture?
18:49Yes, I use rose oil, which is gentle.
18:51Turpentine that cleans
18:54And I'm going to add an egg yolk.
18:56An egg yolk?
18:57Yes, it will thicken the mixture.
18:59And it will allow us to spread it out better.
19:01And if it doesn't work?
19:02We'll see.
19:10But it's not boiling oil.
19:12Will that relieve me?
19:13I hope so
19:20What? What's wrong?
19:22Let's go quickly and see the injured.
19:27It hurts, it burns
19:30Yes, it's on fire.
19:31The boiling oil
19:32We'll take care of you
19:36I treated you with my ointment.
19:38Is your injury getting better?
19:40Yes, the pain has passed.
19:42You see, you always have to check
19:45Try, compare
19:46Come on, let's go get some eggs
19:54Let's see, rose oil, egg yolk, turpentine
19:57There, it's ready.
20:00What do you need to do?
20:02Clean wounds treated with hot oil
20:05And to care for them in my own way
20:06Hey! We're not allowed to do that
20:09We always have the right to relieve men's pain
20:17What? What are you doing here?
20:19Well, we take care of these men
20:21In a gentler and more effective way
20:23More effective?
20:24There is nothing more effective than boiling oil.
20:27She is causing the soldiers unnecessary suffering.
20:30But these are soldiers who can suffer
20:34Ah, egg yolk, turpentine
20:37There is also rose oil
20:39That's insubordination.
20:41I'm going to have you beaten up
20:43Put in prison
20:44Pache, pache, you're the ege
20:46Captain, captain
20:47These men disobeyed
20:49I had ordered treatment for the injuries
20:52With boiling oil
20:53They used mixtures
20:55The wounded are going to die
21:00Things aren't going too badly, Captain
21:02Tomorrow, I can return to the fight.
21:07Who is responsible for this?
21:09It's him, it's him
21:10Yes, Captain
21:11There was no more oil
21:13So, I prepared an ointment of my own invention.
21:16And...
21:17Well done! What's your name?
21:19Ambroise Paré
21:20Well, you acted as you should.
21:22These men are healing
21:24I take care of them
21:25God healed them
21:27I name you barber-surgeon
21:29Regiment Commander
21:32But it's me, boss
21:33It's me
21:34They disobeyed me
21:36They must be punished
21:37I'm giving you the position of caregiver.
21:39Doré d'avant, you will do what Ambroise Paré orders you
21:43I have a little hat
21:47When a soldier is amputated
21:50The wound is sealed with a hot iron.
21:52This is inhuman
21:53Yes, but if we don't do it
21:55The injured man is losing all his blood
21:56The blood flows through vessels this big
22:00All that would be needed is to sew them back together
22:02Sewing it up? You're joking, Ambroise!
22:05No, you see, I've already done it.
22:07What ?
22:08You dared to do that to a human being?
22:12This dog had its leg torn off by a shell.
22:14I cleaned the stump
22:17And stitched up the wound
22:19Without listing it?
22:23Maybe
22:24Give it a try
22:26We'll see.
22:31Well done, doctor!
22:32My leg doesn't hurt at all anymore.
22:35I'm not a doctor, my friend.
22:37Only barber surgeon
22:39Yes indeed.
22:39You are worth all the doctors on earth, you
22:42Yes, I walk
22:45Yes indeed.
22:47I have an idea
22:49Okay, get up
22:51I thought you...
22:56Now, give me your crutches.
22:58Are you going to go there?
23:03Oh, for crying out loud!
23:05Isn't that true?
23:07But I walk, I swear!
23:09Oh, doctor
23:10Oh, isn't that a miracle?
23:12A true miracle?
23:12I'm going to show you this.
23:13Wait a moment, sit back down
23:15I have an idea
23:22Well, give me a pipette.
23:23Down
23:29Ah, yes, right?
23:31Ah, Kiki
23:32I would have sworn
23:33That his leg had been cut off
23:34To that one
23:37Ah, it's me who's kicking now.
23:43Ambrose
23:43I've heard wonderful things about you
23:46Do you want to come back to our place, to the hotel?
23:48Yes, Master Courtin
23:49I still have a lot to learn
23:52Paré and Galavite, the greatest
23:55Pioneer of experimental medicine
23:57Skilled surgeon
23:59He wanted to share with all his acquaintances
24:02This is intolerable.
24:04This barber
24:06This is Ambroise Paré
24:08Now he's publishing a book.
24:10And in French, not in Latin.
24:12Any commoner can claim to know our art
24:16This is an insult to our profession.
24:19Gourmela is right
24:20It's true
24:21This is a scandal
24:23He dares to claim he can stitch blood vessels together.
24:26For five centuries we have been successfully cauterizing
24:29We must act
24:31To sue him
24:32The result of all these schemes
24:35Ambrose
24:39King Henry has just appointed you as his surgeon.
24:41Do you realize, you, the king's little kitchen boy and surgeon?
24:44Yes, Ambrose had become famous
24:47And he made a thousand discoveries
24:49Imagine antisepsis even before microbes were discovered.
24:53He was the father of modern medicine
24:56A few decades after the disappearance of Paris
24:59A great doctor, Harvey, will discover blood circulation
25:02But that will in no way disarm the fools.
25:06Yes, gentlemen, this so-called blood circulation of the Cir-Harvey
25:11It is paradoxical, useless to medicine
25:14False, impossible
25:15In... unintelligent, absurd
25:17And I would even say
25:18Harmful to human life
25:20The learned man whose famous sentence you have just heard
25:23His name is Guy Patin
25:25He was none other than the dean of the medical school
25:31And so, once again, it's confirmed that being a pioneer is no easy feat.
25:37Discoverers shape better worlds for us
25:42Their eyes turned towards the sky, their thoughts wandered elsewhere.
25:47Spinning hands, snow of stars, planets, comets
25:52Here the man takes off, he is about to leave the ground
25:55My words are, let him fly away.
25:57Tomorrow they will not lead us to other heavens
26:00Because for them, man is only at the beginning of his story.
26:08The discoverers
26:12The discoverers
Comentarios