- hace 8 horas
En 1414, le prince Henri du Portugal entreprend la conquête de Ceuta, où il découvre que les marchands arabes commercent avec les indigènes du fleuve Sénégal. Il fait construire un centre de recherche à Sagres et, secondé par Gil Eanes et Jehuda Cresques, il revisite les cartes de Ptolémée et lance des expéditions chargées d'explorer l'Afrique et de franchir le Cap Bojador.
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00:28The discoverers
00:30They offer us all the guarantees of happiness
00:32An exemplary light
00:36Who enlightens, who prospers
00:38And opens the way to the dreams of humans
00:42They found levers to lift the world
00:47And thanks to them, the Earth wanted to play ring-around-the-rosie
00:52Turn, turn, all the wheels of locomotion
00:57And cars following each other in a line
01:00And they march by, then quickly speed away
01:02The discoverers
01:04I'm already dreaming of other pipe dreams.
01:06So that our ancient land may progress in wisdom
01:11The discoverers
01:18The discoverers
01:29Let's see, Morocco, capital
01:31Rabat
01:32China
01:33Beijing
01:33Capital of Brazil
01:34This is Brasília
01:37I knew it, I knew it
01:39Oh !
01:41What a gust of wind!
01:43But it's a world map, oh what a great idea!
01:47Well, I wanted to talk to you about our world a few hundred years ago.
01:57Wow!
01:59How strange this Africa is!
02:01What a strange shape!
02:03Well, at the end of the Middle Ages, that's all we knew of our world.
02:07Because to go further, a very big obstacle had to be overcome.
02:10Fear!
02:13Fear of what?
02:14From the unknown, from the imaginary
02:16I wouldn't have been scared!
02:18To be afraid of the unknown, oh!
02:29Back then, people were afraid of things other than a little mouse.
02:34A boat leaving for Africa
02:36We are looking for sailors
02:37Ah, I'm not crazy!
02:39Do you know what awaits them?
02:41There are sailors who have seen a sea serpent a league long
02:44Aware of the ships
02:47Unicorns puncture boats
02:54The sun is so low that the sea boils and men's skin burns and blackens.
03:00Further on, the sea plunges into a chasm.
03:03And on the other side, the men walk upside down
03:10You'll never come back!
03:14Ah, there's Portugal.
03:16A tiny country of barely one million inhabitants
03:19And it is here that a prince, Henry the Navigator, will organize the discovery of the world
03:29Henry, my son, you will not be king because you are not the eldest.
03:33But you will discover things hidden from other men
03:36Come!
03:39May this knight's sword serve you faithfully.
03:42Do you see my son?
03:44Thirty years ago, with God's help, I was able to conquer Castile
03:49But this people is powerful and one day they will drive out the infidels.
03:52We must therefore strengthen our supremacy while there is still time
03:56Yes father, I will try to make our country a great maritime power
04:00If we can defeat the Muslims, we will be the champions of the Christian faith.
04:05And we will have the support of the Pope
04:08We are setting off to conquer the city of Ceuta, on the coast of Morocco
04:12This is an important checkpoint
04:15May the Lord be with you, my son.
04:30This is a checkpoint
04:40And let things move!
04:41What's happening here?
04:43No, no!
04:44No, no!
04:47What about the paintbrushes?
04:52Wheat, here's rice, salt too, look, pepper, cinnamon, ginger.
05:05Yes, sir, ginger and also excellent fragrant cinnamon, fresh peppercorns.
05:11But tell me, these are products from the East, where did you get them? In Portugal, they're worth
05:15their weight in gold.
05:17From the banks of the Senegal River, my lord. There is gold there. Every three months, a caravan
05:23part, crosses the mountains, the desert, on the riverbank.
05:28Here, we conduct silent commerce.
05:29Silent commerce?
05:30Yes. We are taking salt, coral jewelry, fabrics, knives.
06:06There isn't enough gold for jewelry. But this is a good deal.
06:10In any case, we don't understand their language, nor do they understand ours, so...
06:15Father, I now know that there are unknown lands and gold south of Africa.
06:23But our maps are wrong. Look at Ptolemy's.
06:26I will gather scholars, build ships, train crews, and by sea we will await the riches of
06:32'East.
06:33Well then, do as you please, Henri.
06:35And Henry will build in Sagresse, at the southwestern tip of Portugal, a veritable research institute which will
06:41to bring together astronomers, cartographers and navigators.
06:46Zarco, you'll head south and, above all, away from the African coast. Apparently, there's...
06:51a magnificent green island.
06:54Very well, my lord, I am at your service.
06:56You, Pedro, will follow the African coast and when you have passed Cape Bojador, you will be able to...
07:02Well, it's Cape Bojador, my lord. But it's impossible. It's the end of the world. At
07:08Beyond that, there is the known, there is death.
07:10Listen, Pedro, Cape Bojador isn't any further than England. What scares you?
07:15?
07:16Okay, I'll try.
07:21Gilles, my horse.
07:27We're going to the arsenal, Gilles.
07:40Look, my lord. This boat can carry 40 sailors and their provisions.
07:45The large square sail fills with the wind.
07:51It's ideal for long expeditions.
07:53A square sail is good for sailing upwind, but my triangular sail allows me to sail against the wind.
08:00In addition, there are two sails.
08:02But your sideways rudder is unbalancing the boat.
08:09If there's a gust of wind, your mast might break.
08:14Your boat is listing. A small squall that has Europe capsizing.
08:18And a good squall. What makes your boat so bad in a squall, huh?
08:24And you? Do you like what's causing the storm, your boat?
08:29Ah good ?
08:31Your single mast. Hey, where am I supposed to do with your single mast?
08:36It's heartbreaking.
08:56What a waste. Yet, it's not that complicated.
09:00Who are you?
09:01Oh, an old sailor who has sailed on many seas and many rivers.
09:06And what do you propose?
09:07Well, what I propose is to combine the advantages of both.
09:11And how is that?
09:17First, the rudder of the slabs behind.
09:21Much more stable than a side rudder.
09:23Three masts to increase the sail area.
09:25Narrow ship for taking on water.
09:27Weak tyrant for shallow waters.
09:31That's perfect.
09:33The rudder was my idea.
09:35Yes, but the main yardarm is mine.
09:37The foremast is mine.
09:39And the triangular sail, that's mine.
09:41The most important thing, gentlemen, is the synthesis.
09:45And what is the name of your beautiful ship?
09:47A caravel.
09:49That's enough, you grumpy people.
09:50Have me build a caravel according to this model.
09:53And quickly.
09:54Very well, my lord. I am entirely at your service, my lord.
09:57But it will never work, my lord.
10:05Come on !
10:09It's much too small.
10:11She doesn't have enough water tyrant.
10:13It's going to tip over.
10:18Rached!
10:23Captain?
10:24We are less than a hundred leagues from Cape Bojador.
10:27This is the end of the known world.
10:29Death awaits us.
10:30So, shall we continue, Captain?
10:32Uh, no, you can see that clearly.
10:34The wind is changing and the sea is too rough.
10:38The sea is calm, Captain.
10:39I'm the one in charge here.
10:41And I say she's fat.
10:43So, change course.
10:44We are being taken back to Portugal.
10:52Ah!
10:53You summoned me, my lord?
10:56Ah!
10:56Yehuda Cresquies.
10:58Look, here's the famous Catalan atlas drawn by your father.
11:02Tell me, why did people as eminent as yourselves leave Spain?
11:06We were driven out of Spain, my lord.
11:08All the Jews were expelled from Spain.
11:10Yes, that's true.
11:11I forgot.
11:13You are welcome here.
11:14Will you help me modernize your father's maps?
11:17You will be my chief cartographer.
11:19I gladly accept, Your Grace.
11:21I too can help you, Prince.
11:22My name is Sébastien, a famous Genoese cartographer.
11:26I know all the seas and all the coasts.
11:28We'll see, Sébastien.
11:30But beware!
11:31Everything that is said or done must remain secret.
11:33Under penalty of death, is that clear?
11:48That's why we need as much information as possible.
11:52and very, very precise observations.
11:54We need to note the location of each village,
11:57of every hill, of every tree.
11:59Every detail should help our browsers.
12:06You see, if I don't force them
12:08No one will expand our knowledge.
12:11Because no captain has the desire to go there
12:14where its profit is not guaranteed.
12:15Under the energy and impetus of Henri,
12:17The Sagresse center is starting to bear fruit.
12:20At the shipyard, they are perfecting the caravels.
12:22faster and faster.
12:25Madeira was colonized in 1420.
12:27The Assorts Islands in 1427.
12:29And here comes the explorer of Cape Bojador again.
12:35Here is Captain Dominguez, back from Africa.
12:46So, Captain, have you rounded Cape Bojador?
12:49At the risk of my life, and out of devotion to Your Highness,
12:52I approached it from a few places.
12:54Yes, but have you crossed it?
12:56I learned at the risk of my life
12:57that the Cape is impassable.
13:00Imagine!
13:01The water was boiling as if in a cauldron.
13:03From this hell arose a dragon
13:05which was erupting with flames.
13:06I approached, despite the saltiness.
13:09And the sea fell into an endless abyss.
13:12For Tess, there is no doubt.
13:15That's where the habitable world ends.
13:18No one can cross Cape Bojador.
13:25Yes, my friend?
13:26Let me go, Prince.
13:28I became a fast caravel at Bidmarin
13:31And I'll take care of it.
13:32GOOD.
13:34And Sébastien, who knows the region so well,
13:36will be able to accompany you.
13:38Dominguez will be a sailor on your ship.
13:40Me, a simple sailor who incites it.
13:42Wait!
13:43We haven't given up yet.
13:46You'll see.
13:53Venice's power is threatened.
13:55Henry of Portugal will attempt to circumnavigate Africa
13:58to travel to India.
13:59He built fast ships, the Caravels.
14:02Venice's wealth came from its trade with India.
14:05If he succeeds, it will be our ruin.
14:08But will Prince Henry really succeed?
14:10Yes, according to what our spy in Greece is saying.
14:13We must do everything possible to stop him.
14:16All ?
14:16Yes, everything.
14:27All means.
14:29All of them, and you will be well rewarded.
14:31All right.
14:53All means.
14:56Yes, all of them.
14:57You'll be well paid and maybe you'll even be made captain.
15:25We have passed the Canary Islands.
15:27So, soon we will reach Cape Bojador.
15:37We'll see if he finds it, his famous Cape Bojador.
15:43I can no longer see the earth, we're going...
15:45What's going on?
15:48The compass has been deflected.
15:50We drifted west.
16:14Look at the clouds.
16:16We're going to have a squall.
16:17Hold the course, I'm going to lower the sails.
16:20Come on, come on, get up!
16:24Let out the sails, it's going to be windy.
16:47These are the men who ruined everything.
16:51I believe you, my friend.
16:53Spy, who paid you?
16:54Castile?
16:57Aragon?
16:58Venice?
17:00Forgive me, my lord.
17:02So this is Venice.
17:03And I deduce from that that you're the one who stole my cards.
17:06Your Grace, we only borrowed them.
17:09We were going to give them back to you.
17:10Do you know the punishment for traitors?
17:15Take them!
17:16I wrote down everything I saw.
17:18Not a single man or animal.
17:20A completely deserted coastline.
17:22Here, a few palm trees, there, rocky promontories.
17:26Finally, no sea monsters, right?
17:28Nothing like it, right?
17:30Calm sea, quiet place, shallow waters.
17:34So, Gilles?
17:35I'm leaving again.
17:36I cross Cape Bosador and I return.
17:38Or else, I'll never come back.
17:42Ah, the enthusiasm of youth.
17:45We're starting off like this, at random.
17:48I have a small item here that might be useful to you.
17:55Wonderful, simple and very ingenious.
17:57When the boat is listing, the compass remains horizontal.
18:01Just a little idea, just like that.
18:10Polaris is low on the horizon.
18:12We are almost at the latitude of Cape Bosador.
18:16Heading due south. The wind is good.
18:18A hill to the west and also a cluster of trees are valuable landmarks.
18:22Brison in front, Cap-Sud-Sul-Est.
18:24We're going to move a little further away from the coast.
18:26You're not going to change course?
18:28No, not before we've gotten past this damn hurdle.
18:31Captain.
18:36Cape Bosador.
18:42So there you have it, we have reached our goal.
18:44It's the mo...
18:46The mo...
18:47The mo...
18:48It's death, the end of the world.
18:50Look ahead, Pinto. That's it, Cape Bosador.
18:55A tiny, insignificant promontory.
18:57But the sea monster, the end of the world.
19:00No, Pinto, it's not the end of the world.
19:03This is the beginning of a new world.
19:13Nobody, that's for sure.
19:15No signs of life.
19:18Hold.
19:20Rosemary.
19:22The Rose of Mary.
19:23We will bring it back to Prince Henry as a testament to our conquest.
19:27So you managed to cross Cape Bojador.
19:30The Cape of Fear.
19:32Now, the sea routes are ours.
19:39So, in my opinion, I think that by going down further, we will flow...
19:44We now have the details of the coast up to Cape Bojador.
19:47Now we need to go further, explore the interior, and bring horses.
20:01In short, throw away the ink!
20:14We enjoyed the frequent chair, below, for AMB.
20:29We're going to get beaten up.
20:42Subtitling by Radio-Canada
21:06Hey, maybe we could take them and sell them as slaves, that would make us some money.
21:11Two healthy, obedient, excellent working African couples sold for only three cruzanos
21:18Believe me, this is a rare commodity coming directly from Africa.
21:21So, who wants some?
21:24So, it was the Portuguese who started the slave trade?
21:27Yes, slavery was unfortunately very widespread in Africa.
21:31This was, as I believe I've already told you, a source of income for the Black kings.
21:36Two slaves for the horses?
21:37All right
21:37And what did Henri think of this trafficking?
21:41Well, Henri did try to oppose it.
21:44Listen to me, I don't make discoveries to enslave men.
21:47But to open the world to merchant ships
21:50Yes, but slavery exists, Your Grace; unfortunately, we did not invent it.
21:54And we also need manpower, right?
21:57Moreover, the church has not yet defined whether black people are truly human beings.
22:01If they are creatures of the Lord and if they possess a soul
22:04If they have a soul, we could sell them for even more, dearly.
22:07And so, slavery continues unabated.
22:10Finally, whatever the case may be, the work of the center in Greece is bearing fruit.
22:14Henry's navigators will go further and further.
22:18They will discover new lands
22:231447, Guinea
22:251448, construction of the fort of Arguine, in northern Senegal
22:301455, exploration of the Gambia
22:33Thank you for your courage during your expeditions, Denis Diaz
22:40Thank you, my friends, for your dedication to your cause.
22:44There is still work to be done; we need to bypass Africa.
22:47Expand the known world even further
22:49You must dedicate yourself to this task.
22:53Hers
22:57And nominate Patrice, Philly's helper
23:07Here, entrust your son Bartholomeo to me
23:09I like that boy.
23:12I will pass on my knowledge to him
23:14You see, when a ship crosses the Equator, you can no longer see the North Star.
23:19You then need to know how to calculate your position based on the sun.
23:22I have here a book in Hebrew that deals precisely with this subject.
23:26In 1481, the young John II was crowned King of Portugal
23:34So
23:35It's time to set off on the great journey, Bartholomew
23:39We must continue the work of Henry, whom we revere.
23:42You will have at your disposal two fine caravels and a large supply ship
23:47But most importantly, you have a map that contains all the information about Africa and the Indian Ocean.
23:52This is once again the work of our late Henri
24:02The wind is changing, it's a storm
24:04Warning, the hands will break
24:06Bring in the sails
24:12It's been going on for ten days now.
24:13We are in the middle of the ocean
24:15Let's take advantage of the lull to head back east.
24:18Ten more days and still nothing
24:19I'm sure we've already gone beyond Africa.
24:22Tacking, heading north
24:30There it is, I can see the land
24:35I can't see anything, he's mistaken
24:37No, look, not to the right, look to the left, at the Olyon
24:44The earth is on the left
24:46On the left, you realize, that means we've gone around Africa
24:50Yes, we had bypassed Africa and opened the route to the East.
24:57Look at the children
24:581492, Columbus is in the Americas
25:01In 1499, Vasco da Gama reached Calicut in India.
25:051500, Cabral discovers Brazil
25:081519, Magellan embarks on a circumnavigation of the world
25:12And it all began when, defying prohibitions and superstitions
25:17The young Prince Henry the Navigator founded his home in Greece, in Portugal
25:21A research center designed to enable the discovery of our world
25:28Discoverers shape better worlds for us
25:32Their eyes turned towards the sky, their thoughts wandered elsewhere.
25:37Spin-hand-snow, stars, planets, comets
25:42Here the man takes off, he is about to leave the ground
25:44My words are, let him fly away.
25:46Tomorrow, they will lead us to other heavens
25:51Because for them, man is only at the beginning of his story.
25:59The discoverers
26:00The discoverers
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