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En 1564 né Galileo Galilei à Pise. Durant son enfance il s'intéresse déjà à la Physique. En 1578, il rentre à l'Université de Médecine mais se tourne rapidement vers les mathématiques. Se basant sur l'observation, il met au point de nombreuses inventions et émet des hypothèses allant à l'encontre de certains dogmes de l'Église.
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00:28The discoverers
00:30They offer us all the guarantees of happiness
00:32Exemplary light
00:36Who enlightens, who prospers
00:38And opens the way to the dreams of humans
00:43They found levers to lift the world
00:47And thanks to them, the Earth wanted to play ring-around-the-rosie
00:52Turn, turn, all the wheels of locomotion
00:57And cars following each other in a line
01:00And they march by, then quickly speed away
01:02The discoverers
01:04I'm already dreaming of other pipe dreams.
01:06So that we may progress in the wisdom of our old age
01:13The discoverers
01:17The discoverers
01:27Yes, I recant.
01:32And yet, it turns
01:37Galileo, who had just been condemned by the Inquisition tribunal
01:41He was talking about the Earth
01:43You see, children
01:45For many centuries
01:47Men believed that the Earth was the motionless center of the world.
01:51And that the Sun and the other planets revolved around it
01:55And art to the one who claimed the opposite
01:58Contrary to Holy Scripture
02:00His life was in great danger
02:02We now know that all of that was not true.
02:05It took a lot of courage for some to claim otherwise.
02:08And it will take everyone a long time to understand that it's the Sun
02:12What is the center of our planetary system?
02:15In 1564 he was born in Pisa, Italy
02:18The one who will impose this obvious truth
02:21The Earth rotates
02:22Galileo, Galileo
02:24Galileo, so Galileo, let's have a race!
02:26All the way to the tower?
02:27Okay.
02:29Ready ?
02:30Time!
02:41As usual, you won again.
02:43Too much pasta
02:45Yes, too much pasta.
02:55Hey, what if we jumped like that?
02:58I'll be the first, I'm sure of it.
02:59And why do you believe that?
03:01Because I'm the heaviest, look
03:03Oh well, that's not certain.
03:04We should check
03:05So, shall we jump and see?
03:09A few years later, Galileo, aged 14
03:12Will be admitted to the University of Pisa
03:14To study medicine there
03:37Will be admitted to the University of Pisa
03:46You could say he's talented, that one
03:51Hey, are you awake? Let's go!
03:53Go ahead, I'll join you.
04:05I think I've found it
04:18Oh, you naughty boy!
04:20You can't pay attention
04:23Oh, excuse me, Father.
04:24I was thinking, I wasn't paying attention
04:27Well, it's not a big deal, son.
04:29Meditation sometimes distracts us
04:31Realities of this world
04:34It's that this pendulum, or rather, this lamp
04:37You see, it's as if she's marking time
04:41Time is eternal, my son
04:42That doesn't prevent us from measuring it
04:44Go in peace
04:52How simple!
04:54The shorter the pendulum swing, the shorter the swing.
04:55The higher the frequency
05:06An arc of a circle
05:07Or rather, a parable
05:12Exploding wine now, my sister
05:15I drink too much.
05:17With this pendulum, one could measure
05:20Accurately
05:20The frequency of the pulses
05:22This would allow us to determine
05:24A person's state of health
05:26And who are you, young man?
05:27To claim to teach us medicine?
05:30My name is Galileo, master
05:31Galileo Galilei
05:33Well, Galileo
05:34Return to your classes
05:35When you have finished your studies, you will be able to most
05:38Allow me, allow me, dear colleague
05:41This device seems very clever to me.
05:45See
05:48The beat matches my pot exactly
05:51Let's see yours
05:57Your pot is very fast, my dear
05:58You must be in a foul mood.
06:01You will see that this instrument will swing less and less strongly.
06:04None of this is useful.
06:07No, master.
06:11See
06:12It's not the amplitude of the movement
06:14The length of the pendulum determines the time
06:17Oh !
06:22Fast, far too fast
06:23That's a bad sign
06:24A bloodletting will do you a world of good
06:30Your invention, young man, will be very useful to us.
06:33It is indeed a way to measure time
06:37Galileo applied his discovery to the manufacture of clocks.
06:43He will invent many other things as well.
06:58Oh !
07:16The heavier things are, the deeper they sink in the water.
07:23No! The denser they are, the deeper they sink.
07:27This allows us to calculate whether a liquid is denser than water.
07:33At 25, Galileo was appointed professor of mathematics
07:45Here we go ?
07:47Do you remember when we were kids?
07:50And that we wanted to jump?
07:52So this time, you'll see that you fall
07:54My big rock will fall much faster than your pebble, you'll see.
07:58I'm telling you they'll arrive downstairs at the same time.
08:02I'm going to count to three and then we'll drop our stones
08:05For me, there will only be one sound upon arrival.
08:10Down there
08:13Three
08:36You see?
08:37The bells that are placed at the same distance
08:40Faster and faster, which will allow us to measure the acceleration of time
08:45And what are you going to use to measure that time?
08:47With my pendulum, of course.
08:49This game is completely idiotic; it teaches you nothing.
08:53I can try
08:54Why not ?
09:07Galileo has just discovered that the speed of a body increases in proportion to the square of the time
09:11And for the first time, we have here the foundations of a law
09:15He will also invent the thermometer to measure the temperature of air and liquids
09:33He invented the proportional compass, which allows for the measurement of distant objects.
09:37And the distance at which they are
09:39He became a renowned scholar
09:41Whose courses were in demand
09:43And shortly after, at the age of 28, he became a mathematics professor at the renowned University of Padua.
09:53Your domain, Master Galileo
09:55And I hope you will discover many more exciting things for us.
09:59Galileo would remain at the University of Padua for nearly 20 years.
10:02And he will make many discoveries there.
10:05But it was still necessary to fight against preconceived ideas and dogmas.
10:09You realize, my dear fellow, that there are scientists who claim that the Earth is not
10:13the center of the universe
10:14It would be nothing more than an ordinary planet orbiting the sun.
10:18Wow, what a winter ball!
10:19And why couldn't it be so?
10:22But we would feel very dear if it turned
10:25However, she is completely still.
10:27But what makes the other planets rotate?
10:29Divine will, of course.
10:31Oranges, seraphim
10:33Have we seen them?
10:35You amuse me, dear Galileo
10:37It is not necessary to see why
10:41Marc Antonio, we are going to build a telescope that will allow us to bring distant objects closer together.
10:47And with what, master?
10:49With lenses, just like with glasses
10:52You'll see
11:01It's good
11:02Now you're going to make a tube around all of that.
11:15You seem very interested, Marc Antonio
11:17Yes, master
11:19No, it's just to check if everything is working properly.
11:27We can see it very well, can't we, master?
11:29I'm sure we'll be able to observe the stars as if we were very close.
11:41Good work, Marc Antonio
11:44I'm going out
11:45I have an errand to run
12:00Hey, wait!
12:02Hey, wait for me!
12:03Hey, wait for me!
12:04I'm coming, signorina
12:16Can I help you, signorina?
12:19THANKS
12:24Thank you, sir.
12:33Oh !
12:51Seas, craters, mountains
12:55That's incredible
12:58Interesting, interesting
13:00So, you want to know about the mechanics of the sky?
13:03My young friend, this is a celestial mechanism that goes far beyond human comprehension.
13:08It's a mechanism
13:10Like any mechanical system, it has rules.
13:12And rules that men must understand
13:14Lack of conviction!
13:15Come with me
13:16I'm going to show you something
13:28This is celestial mechanics
13:30Designed by a great craftsman, Santucci
13:32And according to Ptolemy's theory
13:34It's all very complicated.
13:38It would be much simpler if all the planets, including Earth, revolved around the ground.
13:43Oh !
13:44Shh!
13:45Shut up, you wretch!
13:46What you're saying is sacrilegious.
13:47And why?
13:49The Bible says that Joshua stopped the sun
13:51If it stopped, it was because the sun was revolving around the earth
13:55Don't forget, my young friend
13:57That was barely ten years ago
13:59Giordano Bruno, who claimed that the earth revolved
14:02He was brought before the tribunal of the Inquisition.
14:04Then burned for heresy
14:06He was my friend, though.
14:07Cardinal Bellarmine was also my friend
14:09And that was the Grand Inquisitor
14:13Yet there is a man
14:15A Pole, Copernicus
14:17He said the same as you
14:18That it was the earth that revolved around the sun
14:20If he was telling the truth, I would prove it.
14:26Great news, master
14:27The Doge of Venice
14:29Invites you to show him your telescope
14:31Yes, yes, master, the Doge himself
14:33That's good, we'll go.
14:58Lord, can you see a ship on the horizon?
15:04Now, look through my spyglass.
15:17How wonderful!
15:18We will be able to know in advance the arrival of our merchant ships.
15:21Or the arrival of our enemies
15:29This telescope merely magnifies distant images for our eyes.
15:32Let's look at the moon
15:33Don't look!
15:35Your Serene Highness, you are going to be deceived.
15:40In reality, the moon is a spherical celestial body
15:43It appears to be crescent-shaped.
15:46Because one of its parts, not exposed to the sun, is in the shade
15:50So, do you winterize all of that?
15:52That's a superb invention, Master Galileo
15:54And your work deserves recognition.
15:56I appoint you for life to the University of Padua
15:59With a salary of 1000 florins per month
16:07Galileo, you don't even give our little girl a second glance.
16:10She is so pretty, though.
16:12What do you want, Marina? There's still so much to learn
16:22Jupiter, the red planet, and its two small moons
16:25If others could see this
16:32Belt satellites?
16:34We now know that Saturn is surrounded by rings.
16:37But Galileo, with his primitive telescope, could not see it
16:46Why are you doing this?
16:47It's to observe the sun, otherwise its light hurts.
17:01You see, these tasks are not in the same place as they were a few days ago.
17:05So, we revolve around the sun
17:07Copernicus was right
17:08And what we teach at university is wrong
17:11Be careful, Galileo!
17:12What you are saying is contrary to the teachings of the church.
17:15No, Marina
17:16No, I am a good Christian.
17:18No one doubts it.
17:19But the truth is the truth.
17:20And I must publish the results of my observations.
17:25So, according to my observations, the sun does not revolve around the earth
17:29On the contrary
17:30It is the earth that revolves around the sun
17:32And Venus, Saturn, and the others do it themselves.
17:35All these planets are dark.
17:37And they only shine when illuminated by the sun.
17:40And that is how, on Earth, it is night or day.
17:44Depending on which side is exposed to the sun
17:50So then, Master, what the Bible says is wrong?
17:53The Bible deliberately uses simple language for the benefit of simple people.
17:56Science, for its part, must use appropriate language to advance human knowledge.
18:01That does not mean it contradicts the Holy Scriptures.
18:14Monsignor
18:16Monsignor Bellarmine
18:20You who conducted the trial of the heretic Giordano Blueneau
18:24Well, I must tell you
18:26I heard Galileo teach that the earth revolves around the sun
18:29This is a dangerous doctrine
18:32I know Galileo
18:33He's a good Christian, Fralorini
18:35We shouldn't worry about his ideas on astronomy.
18:38They are not directed against the church
18:40He's a good Christian, Fralorini
18:43He is a good Christian
18:51He is a good Christian
19:05He is a good Christian
19:10Mathematics is a diabolical art
19:12This handle of heresy
19:13And those who, like Galileo or the Galileans, shake the stability of the heavens
19:17Those are the ones who are in sin, my brothers.
19:20Mortal sin
19:23And the moon revolves around the earth
19:25For what ?
19:27Galileo, we now have three children
19:29And I don't even know if you realized it.
19:32What do you want, good friend?
19:34There are so many things to know
19:36Yes, a heretic
19:38And I demand, against this mathematician, the judgment of our holy inquisition
19:44But Galileo now has powerful friends
19:47And despite attacks and criticism, he will be cherished.
19:50And adored
19:52And those years would be the best of her life.
19:54The greatest will be proud to be among his own.
19:57Like Ferdinando de Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany
19:59Prince Federico Cesi, founder of the Lynx Academy
20:04Francesco Barberini, a very powerful cardinal
20:081624
20:09He is going to visit Mafio Barberini in Rome
20:12He became Pope Urban VIII
20:14He will be received warmly, with friendship
20:17And also with pomp and circumstance.
20:37I want to say goodnight to Dad
20:40Shh, we have to let Dad work
20:42And discover the wonders of the sky
20:44And one day, the whole world will recognize his greatness
20:47He will pay tribute to her, you will see.
20:49You will be proud to be his children
20:58He's a heretic, a heretic, Holy Father!
21:01And all his writings prove it.
21:02He deserves to be burned at the stake a thousand times over.
21:04Yes, yes, the pyre, the pyre
21:12The book, the dialogue of world systems
21:15Who seems to disturb Father Cagini so much
21:18It is true that it was dedicated to me.
21:20And I see nothing in it that offends the church.
21:22Even if its defense isn't worth the duchy
21:25That you took from me
21:27But you yourself, venerable Holy Father
21:29Didn't you give him permission?
21:31To write it, this work?
21:34Yes, it's true.
21:35I can't believe it
21:37To the malignancy of Galileo
21:39However, he questions me
21:42What did he want to refer to?
21:44Through the stupid character of Simplicio?
21:48Your Holiness
21:49Cardinal Bellarmine
21:50May our Lord keep him close to Him, of course.
21:53Forbade Galileo from propagating Copernicus's theories
21:56And Galileo committed himself to it.
21:58In writing
21:59Here, we have this piece here
22:01It's a fake
22:04The revered head of the Jesuit Order
22:07Cardinal Gaspar Borgia
22:08Ambassador of the Kingdom of Spain
22:10Request an audience with Your Holiness
22:15You disappoint us, Holy Father
22:17You are ignoring the advice of the Society of Jesus
22:20Who only thinks of your well-being
22:21And to that of faith
22:22To that of the worship of our Lord
22:28Your complacency is great
22:30With regard to the Protestants of France
22:32From Bavaria
22:33From Sweden
22:34And this, against the interests
22:36From the noble kingdom of Spain
22:38That I represent
22:39And of its venerable church
22:41Beware, Holy Father
22:43That our powerful country
22:44Don't take offense.
22:45By maintaining this heretic
22:47This Galileo whom you are protecting
22:50Your diatry, esteem me
22:51Cardinal Borgia
22:52Comes after its time
22:54I think like you
22:55Which Galileo surpassed
22:57Freedom
22:57That we had granted him
22:59Yes, Your Excellency the Grand Duke
23:01I had just decided
23:02That Galileo should be brought before the court
23:04Before the Holy Inquisition
23:14A very comfortable grip
23:16My name is Vinco de Firenzo.
23:18I am the inquisitor of your trial
23:21What an idea to deny
23:22The transcendence of the divine spirit
23:25What makes the planets move?
23:26To replace it with mathematical laws
23:29Leave that to Copernicus.
23:31I didn't talk about Copernicus's theories
23:33As a hypothesis
23:34And wouldn't it be desirable?
23:36To rethink Pnolemy's theories
23:38Over a thousand years old
23:39Shouldn't humanity progress?
23:42Yes, my son
23:43But with respect for the faith
23:44Holy scriptures
23:45For our flock of faithful
23:47It is mostly made up of simple people
23:49Leave them in their place
23:50The sky, the sun, the earth
23:52I am a scholar, my father
23:54And I'm just saying
23:56What I see, what I experience
23:58Where is the evidence for all this, dear Galileo?
24:00You say that the earth rotates on its axis
24:02In 24 hours?
24:03Wouldn't we feel it?
24:04What if we were like that?
24:05You say that only
24:07The tides react
24:08At this tremendous acceleration
24:09But the houses would collapse
24:11Life on Earth would be impossible
24:13This acceleration is permanent
24:15Progressive
24:16When we ride in a carriage
24:18A hundred times slower
24:19We can feel its acceleration
24:21His braking maneuvers
24:22And here, nothing
24:25So stop this game
24:26Your passion for persuasion equals
24:29For years
24:30I observed, meditated, experimented
24:32And you want to contradict me?
24:34Without any other proof than your belief?
24:36Your arrogance knows no bounds, Galileo
24:38Do you want to manipulate the sky as you please?
24:40Condemn your work
24:42Or you will be the one condemned.
24:44You are lucky
24:46To have friends
24:46Who would want to avoid you
24:47Torture
24:48The pyre
24:51Absurd, Galileo
24:52And we will spare you from torture
24:53Otherwise
24:57Yes, you need to be absurd.
25:00God commanded me to no longer believe
25:02That the earth revolves around the sun
25:04So I don't believe it anymore
25:06Yes, I recant.
25:10And yet
25:13Yet
25:13She turns
25:17We would have to wait until the end of the 20th century
25:20So that the Church might rehabilitate Galileo
25:23The discoverers
25:25They are shaping better worlds for us
25:27Eyes towards the sky
25:29Their thoughts wander elsewhere
25:32Turn-hand-snow
25:34Stars
25:35Planets
25:36Comets
25:37Here the man takes off
25:39He will leave the ground
25:40My words
25:41That's when he flies away.
25:42Tomorrow
25:43They us
25:43They will not lead to other firmaments
25:46Because for them, man
25:48No, this is only at the beginning of his novel
25:53The discoverers
25:54The discoverers
26:00Subtitling by Radio-Canada
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