00:28The discoverers
00:30They offer us all the guarantees of happiness
00:32Exemplary light
00:36Who enlightens, who prospers
00:38And opens the way to the dreams of humans
00:43They found levers to lift the world
00:47And thanks to them, the Earth wanted to play ring-around-the-rosie
00:52Turn, turn, all the wheels of locomotion
00:57And cars following each other in a line
01:00And they defy, then quickly flee
01:02The discoverers
01:04I'm already dreaming of other pipe dreams.
01:06So that we may progress in the wisdom of our old age
01:13The discoverers
01:18The discoverers
01:27It's so hot, it's unbearable.
01:32But where is he, maestro?
01:33I'm coming, I'm coming
01:36What a heatwave!
01:37Finally, I mean, the heat
01:39Do you know what heat is?
01:41Is that when the temperature rises?
01:43On the beach, in full sunlight
01:44When I get a zero at school and I come home, then things get heated.
01:48Heat is fire
01:49That's interesting.
01:51And what about fire, then?
01:53Well, it's when it's worth it, right?
01:55Ah, you remember Democritus the Greek?
01:58There are four elements in nature
02:00Earth, fire, water, and air
02:03This branch comes from the earth
02:06And it turns into fire
02:09No, maestro, if there aren't four elements
02:10There is a basic element
02:12Just one
02:13The atom
02:14Oh, but that's unbearable.
02:15What heat!
02:16Ah, would you like to bring me a glass of water, please?
02:19THANKS
02:19And two thousand years later, in the 18th century
02:22We continue to say that there were four elements
02:25Earth, fire, air
02:26And then, finally...
02:27Here, that
02:32But, a new science
02:33Chemistry was about to be born
02:35And thanks to her, we were going to be able to explain what things were made of
02:38And what did he invent, chemistry?
02:40Oh, several scholars contributed to it
02:42But above all, it was Lavoisier, a Frenchman
02:45Who, alas, died by guillotine
02:47Ah, they cut off his head
02:49Ah, they cut off his head
02:51Oh no, you mustn't laugh, it was a tragedy
02:54Okay, so Lavoisier?
02:57Heat is a very special element
02:59And this element is more scientifically called phlogiston.
03:03Yes, Mr. Lavoisier
03:04Do we know what phlogiston is made of, master?
03:07Uh, no, well, not exactly
03:09But one day soon, you can be sure, we will know.
03:13And if we don't know what it is, why talk about it?
03:37Oh, well, that's something, the phlogiston is no longer working
03:55Hey there, you rascal!
03:58There's been a mistake, I'm not a lamb
04:01More like a wolf
04:02Have mercy, my lord, I believed
04:05I didn't want to
04:10The good people of Paris deserve better lighting than this.
04:37At 23, Lavoisier received the gold medal from King Louis XV
04:41For his study of the lighting of Paris
04:46At 25, he will be elected to the Academy of Sciences
04:50And in that same year, he acquired the position of tax farmer general.
04:54Which would later cost him his life
04:56What is a tax farmer?
04:58At the time, a tax farmer was a tax collector
05:01And why is it going to cost him his life?
05:03You'll see, you'll see
05:15Water for sale, the beautiful water of the Seine
05:20Gentlemen, the problem is serious
05:21There is no longer enough clean water for the city of Paris.
05:24The Seine's water is impure.
05:26Bridges need to be built to bring water from the springs
05:30It would be pointless
05:31In any case, the water would turn into earth
05:34How do you know that, sir?
05:36It's well known, young man
05:37What's your name again?
05:39Antoine Lavoisier
05:40Well, Mr. Lavoisier
05:42When you leave water in a container
05:44A soil residue if shaped
05:46And the weight of the water increases
05:47Because earth weighs more than water
05:49No, I would be surprised.
05:51Pure water stays pure
05:53Unless something is added to it
05:55So, young man, you are going to refute
05:57Does science recognize this?
05:58Yes, and I'm going to prove it.
06:32I'll sort them out again.
06:34To have completely pure water
06:37We'll find out if the water vapor
06:39It really turns into earth
06:41I have pure water here.
06:42Oh !
06:53Still no land
06:55A month has passed
06:56Let's see, let's see
06:57Well, well
06:58Is there any land there?
07:08So, you see, young man
07:10As it evaporates, the water turns into soil
07:11I said it clearly
07:12Okay, so, then
07:13In that case, the bottle should weigh more, shouldn't it?
07:17Yes, of course, since the earth weighs more
07:19Well, I bet he hasn't changed weight.
07:20Let's see, let's see
07:22So, it weighed at the beginning of the book
07:24Three ounces of coarse and fifteen grains
07:26Let's see now
07:32On the scales
07:33So
07:35Now, the weights
07:36Two pounds, three ounces
07:39Two large and fifteen grains
07:40So, there you have it.
07:42However, there is land
07:43Wait, let's weigh the water.
07:46Good...
07:47What you believe, earth, is only debris from this bottle
07:50No
07:57It wasn't water that turned into earth
07:59The earth comes from the soil, this time
08:02It won't happen like that.
08:06But damn it, Blomec
08:11That's because in nature
08:12Nothing is lost, nothing is created
08:15Everything is changing
08:16Do you understand, children?
08:18Nothing is lost, nothing is created
08:20Everything is changing
08:22This is a great discovery by Lavoisier
08:24The beginning of modern chemistry
08:27You see, my friend, fire is a great mystery
08:29What I want to understand
08:31All those flames leaping from the wood
08:33And they transmit their warmth to us.
08:35Oh father, oh no, I don't want to, I don't want to
08:41What don't you want, my child?
08:43The tale of Amerval, it's ugly, it's old
08:46He's not funny, not funny at all
08:49But it's a fairy tale, come on!
08:50And besides, he's a friend of the Minister of Finance.
08:52This may be useful
08:55Marianne, I haven't introduced you to Mr. Lavoisier
08:58A fellow tax official
09:00But also a scholar
09:11Please excuse me.
09:13I am confused
09:17I'm sorry
09:29Sir, Count d'Amerval
09:31Desired
09:38Charming child
09:40What a charming child
09:41I am delighted
09:42Ah yes, delighted
09:43Believe me, if you insist
09:45I gladly consent to this marriage
09:47Rest assured
09:48But I am not attending, sir.
09:50Let's see, my daughter, finally
09:54Forgive him, Count
09:55It's nothing
09:57Charming
09:57Charming
09:58I understand the emotion.
09:59You will be a countess
10:01Well, how so?
10:02Oh
10:04So you have come, dear Count, to ask for my daughter's hand in marriage.
10:07It's because she's so young
10:08So young, yes
10:09So pretty, so inviting
10:11Yes, so pretty
10:13Yes, indeed, I do you the honor of asking for my daughter's hand in marriage.
10:17Oh, Marie-Anne, let's see my child
10:19A marriage proposal
10:21And from the Count
10:22Doesn't your heart beat with joy?
10:24As far as I can tell, your daughter's heart isn't beating any faster than usual.
10:28Who is it, who is it, who is here?
10:31Nothing, nothing
10:32This is Antoine Lavoisier, tax farmer and scientist
10:37Farmer-general?
10:38My young child, do you realize?
10:41A count asks for your hand in marriage, that means something to a count.
10:44Oh, but wait, do you have another suitor?
10:47Oh !
10:48I defend him on the air
10:53Oh well
10:57Let's see, Lavoisier, what does "c'est si malgré" mean?
11:01Sir, I have the honor of asking for your daughter's hand in marriage.
11:04That's ridiculous, you barely know her
11:07Enough to love him
11:08I can feel it, my heart is beating
11:14How could you possibly hesitate between this kind of clumsy puppet?
11:17And I, the Count of Amerval
11:19To the glorious ancestors and close friends of the Minister of Finance
11:25But I have no hesitation, sir.
11:28I accept with joy and happiness, Mr. Lavoisier
11:39Dear Mr. Presley, it is with pleasure that I welcome you to the Academy of Sciences.
11:44We look forward to hearing the results of your experiments.
11:47And I, Sir Lavoisier, would like to have your opinion
11:51Gentlemen, when you heat calcined mercury, you obtain a particular air
11:56We call it oxygen
11:58Therefore, there are two kinds of air in the air.
12:04In winter, there's just air, period.
12:06And then there's the fire that carries the heat
12:08No, phlogiston does not exist.
12:11There is an air that allows the fire to burn
12:13And one that doesn't allow it
12:15Look
12:18Do you see?
12:19The fresh air is consumed, the candle goes out
12:22That's because the phlogiston has left
12:24Which way?
12:25He didn't come out of the bell
12:28Now look at what fresh air does
12:40Well done !
12:41These are the sleights of hand.
12:43You're not going to deny the existence of the phagiston
12:45It's written in there.
12:47Some old ideas, even those written down, are false.
12:50That's all
12:50Only scientific experience brings new ideas
12:55It's all nonsense.
12:57The following years will be years of intense activity for the road worker.
13:02Here is an agricultural experiment
13:03For a good wheat harvest, nothing beats a field that has previously been used as pasture for sheep.
13:09Look, I had this field fenced off.
13:12The sheep will be left there for about a year.
13:14The next harvests will be double, you'll see.
13:17That's a waste, isn't it?
13:19No, come and take a closer look.
13:25Check out my essay from last year
13:27Young wheat is twice as bushy.
13:30And believe me, this year's harvest will be excellent.
13:39You are quite right to want to take an even closer look, sir.
13:42It's worth it, don't you think?
13:54You can see that wheat is rarer around here.
14:03I thought that with a magnifying glass as big as a man
14:06We could succeed in separating the gases
14:09I think so too.
14:13By order of the king, Mr. Lavoisier
14:15Myself
14:16France needs you, Mr. Lavoisier
14:18Our enemies threaten us and we are running out of gunpowder
14:21We need a lot of them for the cannons.
14:22But I am at the service of the nation.
14:24And I'm sure my wife will want to be by my side.
14:26Mr. Berthollet
14:27Your potassium chlorade may be a substitute
14:30Regarding the saltpeter that we lack
14:31I think this will make excellent gunpowder.
14:34Try it, Mr. Lavoisier
14:36But beware of explosions
14:50Claiming to make powder without saltpeter
14:52What presumption!
14:53It would still be better to take shelter.
14:56It's behind the barrier, Mr. Monet
14:58There is no risk that it will ever expose
15:01You see, Marianne, there are at least two kinds of air
15:16One vital air and another air which, on the contrary, does not allow life
15:21Look at
15:29Now the vital air is almost exhausted
15:31The mouse has less energy
15:33Perhaps she's tired of running?
15:35Wait
15:37There is no more air, and yet there is air.
15:39You see, there is air, but it's not breathable.
15:46Now, look
15:53You see, I was right, this vital air, I'm going to call it oxygen
16:16Oxygen is what allows fire to burn and the body to warm up.
16:20I'm going to do another experiment with my friend Laplace
16:23Oh, the mathematician?
16:24Yes
16:26Surrounded by felt, the ice, protected from the heat, does not melt.
16:30We're going to put the guinea pig there.
16:31He's the one who will melt the ice.
16:33You're not going to put that poor animal in the ice.
16:36She's going to die
16:37No, no, no, no, we'll put her in a small room that she'll warm with her body
16:41But eventually, his body will cool down.
16:43Oxygen will warm it up
16:51You see, the ice has melted
16:54We can calculate the heat released
17:00Are you sure he's alive?
17:02Of course
17:07That's it, that's all.
17:08It seems so simple to us
17:11And yet, it's revolutionary
17:13Revolutionary!
17:14La Voisier and Laplace measured the heat emitted by an animal's body
17:18They calculated how much oxygen he had consumed
17:20They also have...
17:21And even the famous English chemist, Cavendish
17:25Confirm that water, gentlemen, is not an element
17:28But what are you saying?
17:31Water isn't an element, is it?
17:33So what is this, then?
17:35That, sir, is a combination of hydrogen and oxygen.
17:39No, no, no
17:41I will prove to you what I am saying
17:46Come, gentlemen
17:56There is oxygen here.
17:58Here, hydrogen
18:00This balloon in the center is empty
18:02Now, look
18:25Look, gentlemen, we have obtained absolutely pure water
18:28Formed by these gases
18:29Is anyone thirsty?
18:31Well, I'll never drink that diabolical concoction.
18:38Excellent, absolutely pure water
18:40So, children, do you understand the extraordinary discovery of the voisier?
18:43What is this ?
18:44Da, green dance, huh?
18:46That's some water!
18:47That's obvious, isn't it?
18:49Yes, it's water, but it's also a combination of...
18:53Gas?
18:54Yes, and which ones?
18:55So, I'm waiting.
18:56Hydrogen and...
18:57And what?
18:58Finally, children, let's see
19:00You should know this
19:02Well, them, them, what about them?
19:04Hydrogen on one hand, oxygen on the other
19:08The formula for water is H2O
19:11We must reject old ideas and base ourselves on experience.
19:14This is the only way to progress
19:15There is no phlogiston
19:17Air is composed of at least three different gases
19:20Oxygen, which is the vital air
19:22Nitrogen, which is a gas that supports neither life nor combustion
19:25And hydrogen, a flammable gas, is very light.
19:33This balloon is filled with hydrogen, which is much lighter than air.
19:37He could carry a man
19:40Nonsense, balderdash, drivel, jokes, trifles and foolishness
19:45Nonsense, rubbish, Mr. Monet
19:47Come and see for yourself.
19:50Go ahead, prove it to him
19:53Come, sir, I'll accompany you.
19:55We're going to show them that you're right.
20:06Hold this rope, sir.
20:10There
20:19Help me
20:21Help me
20:22Oh, the sum!
20:30Help me
20:36I get off
20:46Help me
20:48Help me
20:49Help me
20:49Help me
21:09Help me
21:13Help me
21:26Help me
21:38Help me
21:47Help me
22:05Help me
22:08Help me
22:10Citizens
22:10Help me
22:21Help me
22:38Help me
22:40Help me
22:45Help me
23:13Help me
23:15Help me
23:44Help me
24:12It's thanks to oxygen
24:15Help me
24:24Help me
24:41Help me
24:44Knight
24:46Help me
25:13Help me
25:16Help me
25:38Help me
25:42Help me
25:50Help me
25:53Help me
25:53Help—
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