- hace 10 horas
En 1733, Georges Buffon arrive à Paris où ses travaux sur les probabilités et sur l'étude du bois, lui permettent un an plus tard de devenir membre de l'Académie des sciences. Tout en présentant des expériences à la Cour du Roi, il se consacre à l'histoire naturelle et notamment à l'âge de la Terre.
Categoría
😹
DiversiónTranscripción
00:28The discoverers
00:30They sought to measure the time that tells the hour
00:33They wanted to offer us every guarantee of happiness
00:38An exemplary light that illuminates, that thrives
00:44And opens the way to the dreams of humans
00:48They found levers to lift the world
00:52And thanks to them, the Earth wanted to play ring-around-the-rosie
00:58Turn, turn, all the wheels of locomotion
01:03And cars following each other in a line
01:05And they march by, then quickly speed away
01:08The discoverers
01:09I'm already dreaming of other pipe dreams.
01:12So that we may progress in the wisdom of our old age
01:16The discoverers
01:20The discoverers
01:44The universe, the sun, the Earth
01:49Where do they come from? How long have they existed?
01:54Yes, do you know the age of the Earth?
01:57Ah, the Earth, it's at least as old as we are.
02:01Oh, that's clever, nonsense.
02:04The Earth is thousands of years old, even hundreds of thousands of years old.
02:07Millions, right?
02:08I believe it is hundreds of millions of years old.
02:12Billions of years, I think
02:14Yes, you're right.
02:15Ah, what is a billion?
02:18What does that mean, huh?
02:19It's a trillion, everyone knows that
02:21That's right, maestro
02:22You know, these large numbers are rather difficult to understand.
02:25Well, we'll try to explain all of this to you.
02:29Galileo demonstrated that the Earth revolves around the sun
02:31And Newton explained the laws of gravitation.
02:34But how long has all this existed?
02:37The Archbishop of Ireland, James Usher, had consulted all the ancient texts
02:42Assembly of Manuscripts
02:43Sought for years
02:47And one day
02:53You called me, my lord?
02:56Yes, my son, I have found it
03:00Had you lost something?
03:04I haven't lost anything
03:05But all my life, I've been searching for the date of the creation of the world.
03:08And then I found
03:09Here and there
03:13Oh really? And when is that, my lord?
03:16That was four thousand and four years before Christ.
03:18October 29
03:20You even found the day
03:22Yes, my son, I even know the time.
03:25It was nine o'clock in the morning
03:26Oh, well, I never!
03:29In 1681, an English scientist, Thomas Burnett, said that the earth, when it was created, was perfectly flat
03:35Until God, angered by mankind, commanded the flood
03:48In 1696, another Englishman, William Whiston, said that God, angered, sent a comet to Earth
03:57In 1735, Abbot Pluche, a Frenchman, said that God shook the axis of the earth
04:04No one, not even the scholars, had yet understood that the sacred book, the Bible, was symbolic.
04:10That religion and science were two different things
04:13Georges Buffon will undoubtedly be one of the first to do so
04:26I bet you that my baguette, thrown into the air, will most often fall back to the floor without touching a
04:31single joint
04:32Well, I bet the opposite, a gold louis
04:36Okay, go ahead.
04:38Dear sir, you are going to lose
04:40What? Who are you, sir?
04:42My name is Georges Buffon and I did the calculation, given the length of your baguette and the
04:48width of the parquet floorboards
04:49You have very little chance of winning
04:51Huh? Oh, that's not true, we'll see.
04:58Do you see?
04:59Yes, but try other throws.
05:08There !
05:09Oh no, thank you.
05:11Ah!
05:14Ah!
05:15Ah!
05:29Ah!
05:30Ah!
05:31Ah!
05:31Ah!
05:32Ah!
05:32Ah!
05:32Ah!
05:32Ah!
05:32Ah!
05:32Ah!
05:32Ah!
05:32Ah! Break that!
05:33You were right.
05:35But tell me, did you calculate that mathematically?
05:38Yes, it's a simple probability calculation.
05:42Fadèze! You've brought me bad luck, that's all!
05:45Ah!
05:45Ah!
05:46What ?
05:47You made me a gold louis, sir
05:53My name is Maupertuis, member of the Royal Academy
05:56Your calculation is very interesting, sir.
05:58Buffon, Georges-Louis de Buffon
06:01You know, it's simple
06:03A little arithmetic and geometry
06:05I can see
06:06Interesting
06:07I would like to introduce you to the Royal Academy of Sciences
06:11Gentlemen, I propose that we admit a Mr. Buffon to the Academy
06:14He is a talented young man
06:18What has he done to deserve to sit among us?
06:20Excellent work in mathematics
06:22And studies on the wood that was used by the Royal Navy
06:26Yes, I know her; it's true that it's excellent work.
06:29Elected to the Academy of Sciences at 27
06:31Then appointed superintendent of the king's garden
06:33Buffon is about to undertake an enormous task
06:35To write the history of the world
06:38Because no one since Aristotle the Greek
06:402000 years ago, no one had done that
06:42You realize that this is an incredible piece of work.
06:50Mr. Dobanton, we will be working at my house.
06:52On my property in Mont-Barre
06:54I think we'll be much more peaceful there.
06:56Paris is a real city of madmen.
07:00Oh, what a strange animal!
07:02Thanks to its very long neck
07:03It can reach the leaves at the top of the trees
07:06Here is a relative of the pig
07:07Okay, now we have to go to Paris.
07:09To entertain the public and not be forgotten
07:12We are going to put on a nice show
07:17We will have to invite the king.
07:21His Majesty King Louis XV
07:30Have you seen who's here?
07:31It's the pompadour
07:32Apparently, she is the king's great friend
07:42Your Majesty, the sun is a mass of fire
07:44Which gives off enormous heat, you know
07:46By concentrating its rays
07:48As Archimeius had done in his time
07:49Objects can be set on fire from a great distance
07:52Do you think it's possible?
07:53Tell me
07:54No, it's a legend
07:55Even the great Descartes had said it was impossible, sir
07:57Believe me
07:58He's mistaken, that fool.
08:16Funds must have been cheated
08:17There was definitely a fire inside.
08:20Otherwise, it's not possible, Your Majesty.
08:21Go see
08:29We can ideally melt the iron, sir
08:37Well, Your Majesty, that's impossible.
08:39You will see, sir
08:44SO ?
08:45But he must have cheated, Your Majesty.
08:46I'm done, Artin.
09:04I think a comet broke off a piece of the sun
09:07This burning hot piece has cooled down
09:09Then later, it became our Earth
09:12And did it take a long time for that?
09:14Thousands of years
09:15More than 6000 years?
09:17Yes, infinitely more
09:18But then, your theory contradicts the Bible
09:22No, we mustn't mix science and religion, my good friend.
09:25And that's precisely what we're going to write.
09:30My brothers Buffon contradict Genesis
09:32He considers man to be just another animal.
09:35He talks about the formation of the planets.
09:37Although they were created by the Lord
09:39He even dares to claim that one day, the sun will go out.
09:43All the time, Brother Lignac
09:44Mr. Buffon is a devout believer
09:46This work is pernicious
09:48This is an insult to God
09:49We must, we must ban it
09:51Perhaps it would simply be a matter of asking him to clarify a few passages.
09:55Out of the question, neither a ban nor prison
09:58Finally, you see Brother Lignac, please.
10:01That's ridiculous
10:03Write then
10:07Domanton, the Sorbonne accuses me of contradicting the church
10:10I warned you
10:11That reminds me of something.
10:13No, the earth does not revolve around the sun.
10:15Therefore I abjure, since God has commanded me to do so.
10:19Still, Domanton, times have changed
10:22Galileo, that was over a century ago
10:24It's best to be cautious.
10:26Yes, you're right, it's better to be flat than hanged.
10:28Here is Mr. Buffon's response.
10:30I am renouncing everything in my book that concerns the formation of the earth
10:34And generally to anything that might be in total contradiction with the story in my book
10:38Huge, he's a hypocrite.
10:40He needs to be insured
10:42Through Lignac, Mr. Buffon offers to publish his retraction in his next work.
10:46What more could we ask for?
10:49Buffon will therefore continue his monumental natural history
10:52But he keeps wondering how long the earth has existed
10:58Oh !
11:15Yes, ouch! Oh!
11:17Ooh!
11:22GOOD !
11:27So the earth was first burning hot, then it cooled down.
11:31The cooling time of these pellets will allow me to calculate how long it took to cool down.
11:36It was warm, not winter, but the crows were getting cold at the same time
11:41So here, take this one
12:03According to my calculations, the Earth is at least 75,000 years old.
12:07Sacriles, the earth was created 6,000 years ago
12:10In reality, the earth is certainly much older still.
12:14It may be millions of years old
12:17This is grotesque, incomprehensible.
12:21He doesn't know what to invent anymore.
12:22For the first time, a discoverer claims that the earth was not created in 6 days
12:32And that her age has no relation to the symbolic age given to her by the Bible
12:36And Buffon gives its evolution a classification and even different periods.
12:42Thus, the very first of these epochs will be the one in which the solar system and the Earth take shape.
12:51The second era will be that of the solidification of our planet
12:55Large landforms will form on its soil
12:59Third epoch, the earth cools
13:03This causes profound changes in its structure
13:06Fourth era: volcanoes erupt
13:09The waves continue to move, shaping the ground once more.
13:14Fifth era, on a land still amalgamated into a single continent
13:18Animals are starting to appear
13:20Sixth epoch, the lands begin to drift
13:24Seventh epoch, man appears
13:29But of course, all of this is somewhat approximate.
13:32But in the context of the time, it was absolutely revolutionary.
13:36Oh, but then, why after all these calculations did Buffon claim that the earth went back 75,000 years?
13:42years ?
13:42He had initially considered giving it a much earlier date.
13:45Again, 3,500,000 years for example
13:49But he feared he would be accused of rambling.
13:51Yes, while today we know that the history of the Earth goes back a thousand times further
13:56that
13:56At 4.5 billion years
13:58Hey maestro, I don't quite understand all these large numbers.
14:00You know, it's easy to get lost in it.
14:02So, the earth remained lifeless for so long?
14:05She changed slowly, little by little.
14:08But, look, to help you better understand its evolution
14:11I propose an imaginary journey into the past
14:15An imaginary journey, maestro? What do you mean?
14:18Imagine we have a time machine
14:21Like this one
14:24Oh !
14:27Ha ha ha ha!
14:29Ah yes, but it's not bad at all.
14:34For an imaginary machine
14:36The time controller
14:38Yes, by pulling backwards, the machine moves towards the past
14:41By pushing it, you will set off towards the future
14:44That's impossible.
14:45If !
14:46With imagination, anything is possible.
14:48Who wants to try?
14:50Me !
14:51Me too !
14:52Ah, there are only two seats.
14:54The first ones, so you and you
14:56Well, what about me?
14:57I would like to go there too.
14:59Here, you see?
15:00You mark the date of your destination in time, okay?
15:04And this controller is for moving forward.
15:06Did you understand that correctly?
15:11Okay, we'll follow your imaginary journey on the screen over there.
15:15And above all, don't forget, if you are ever in danger
15:17Pull the alarm and you'll return to the present
15:24Ready ?
15:25Where do we start?
15:27I mean, by when?
15:28Three billion years ago
15:29But don't stay there too long.
15:31You would be too hot
15:45Well, I never!
15:47Well, that's it!
15:48I would never have gone up in that.
15:56We arrive three billion years in the past
15:59Oh, wow!
16:07Oh, darn!
16:08But it doesn't speak!
16:11Oh !
16:12Hello ?
16:13Hello, can you hear me?
16:15We hear you loud and clear.
16:17Ah, good, well
16:19So, you're three billion years ago, huh?
16:22The Earth has already cooled down and life exists
16:25The life ?
16:26Oh, we can't see anything?
16:27Into the water!
16:29So, shall we go out and get a sample taken?
16:31No !
16:32But there is no oxygen
16:33Only carbon dioxide
16:35And other very long gases
16:39Set up a direct debit
17:00Now, look under the microscope
17:06You see, children are the first prokaryotes.
17:08The what?
17:10Small living cells with very simple structures
17:14Hello, hello? It's very hot, very hot.
17:16So, leave the archaic era behind.
17:18But to go where?
17:19When would you rather go?
17:20Go directly to less than 700 million years ago
17:23That's funny.
17:24Yes !
17:30We are now going back 700 million years in the past
17:33There's nothing, nobody
17:35Dive in, you'll see
17:36We can ?
17:37Yes, the device is waterproof and the water is from the sky
17:42But there are no fish in the water
17:45The fish will come later.
17:47Here, move forward a little further.
17:49Around 300 million years ago
17:51You will see
17:55300 million years ago
17:57This is an extraordinary era
17:59Oh yes, extraordinary
18:00The Carboniferous
18:03Tell me, maestro
18:04What exactly is the Carboniferous period?
18:06Oh, a very hot time
18:07The first insects
18:09Reptiles
18:10And all that vegetation
18:12Which will turn into coal
18:13That's it, the Carboniferous period
18:15And now, the children
18:17You are going to see something fantastic
18:19Ready ?
18:20Ready !
18:21Okay, when is this time?
18:22225 million years ago
18:25But not this time
18:26Go and see the Earth from above
18:28From above?
18:29Yes, yes, get in, get in
18:30Okay, message received.
18:37Oh, look
18:38It's so different from our Earth
18:41We don't recognize anything
18:42Yes, I told you so.
18:43The Earth is changing
18:45The continents are moving
18:47No one saw them.
18:48But Alfred Wegener
18:49A German scientist
18:50He explained it
18:52180 million years
18:54We are beginning to recognize the continents.
18:56Look there, that's Africa
18:57And there, South America
18:59And where is Europe?
19:06Hello, hello, can you hear me?
19:09Yes
19:09Oh, what era are you in?
19:1180 million years, I think
19:13Please double-check the date.
19:17Yes, that's right.
19:19Okay, land
19:24Oh, there are flowers and butterflies.
19:27Okay, you can go outside, the air is breathable.
19:29You're not going too far
19:30There are some big beasts
19:32Okay, maestro
19:33Attention
19:39The first mammals
19:41Our ancestors
19:42Oh, please don't disturb them.
19:44Look at the lagoon on the left.
19:48I think it's a bit of time
19:49I think it's a bit of time
19:52I think it's a bit of time
20:38Hello, hello children
20:39Return quickly to your capsule
20:41You're going to have visitors
20:43Quickly
20:58Quickly
20:58Move forward in time
20:59Quickly, hurry up!
21:00Move forward in time
21:13Imaginary Journey
21:14Imaginary Journey
21:16Well, but you still have to be careful.
21:18Okay, kids
21:20You can stop
21:38Hey, we're 66 million years ago
21:40Ah, phew, they're safe and sound.
21:4466 million, but beware
21:46Imminent danger, quick, my microphone!
21:49But where is my microphone?
21:52Ah, well that's good.
21:53No, but that's why.
21:56No, that's not true.
21:57But where is that microphone?
22:01Hello, hello children
22:03Can you hear me?
22:15Hello, hello, can you hear me?
22:18Can you hear me?
22:19Very urgent appeal
22:20Come on, we forgot to put on our headphones
22:23Wait for me, I'll go get them
22:31Hello, hello, can you hear me?
22:33Yes, yes, we had forgotten our headphones
22:35But hurry, we have to leave again.
22:37Gain altitude
22:39A major catastrophe is about to happen
22:40So quickly
22:43Quickly, quickly, we must leave again
22:44For what ?
22:46I'll explain
22:55In our time, a great catastrophe
22:59Look at !
23:00Hello, hello, what do you see?
23:03A white light in space
23:05And she's getting closer
23:06It's a huge meteorite
23:08Huge
23:11Hello, hello, hello, hello!
24:04There he is, he's coming home
24:13It was...
24:14It was so...
24:16If you had seen it?
24:18Oh !
24:19Well, children, you have just participated
24:21A few steps into creation
24:23And the evolution of the Earth
24:25And that was the end of the dinosaurs.
24:29But tell me, maestro
24:30How can we know all this?
24:32Because in reality
24:33No one has gone there in the past, after all
24:36Because scientists were able to reconstruct it, this past
24:38And thus to demonstrate that Buffon was right.
24:41For to him belongs the glory
24:43Having opened the door to modern biology
24:45To the evolution
24:46By pushing our planet onto the stage of history
24:49As well as its fauna and flora
24:51Oh !
24:52This story of the Earth
24:56This story of the Earth
24:58Who, for the first time
25:00It will replace theology
25:03The discoverers
25:05They are shaping better worlds for us
25:07Eyes towards the sky
25:09Their thoughts wander elsewhere
25:13Turn-hand-snow
25:14Stars
25:15Planets
25:17Comets
25:18Here the man takes off
25:19He will leave the ground
25:20My words
25:21That's when he flies away.
25:22Tomorrow, we
25:24They will not lead to other firmaments
25:27Because for them, man
25:29He is only at the beginning of his novel
25:33The discoverers
25:38The discoverers
25:39Subtitling by Radio-Canada
25:42Subtitling by Radio-Canada
Comentarios