- há 4 horas
Este é o relato definitivo da história do Apartheid na África do Sul e de como seu legado ainda afeta o país nos dias de hoje. Para avançar, o país precisa confrontar seu passado sombrio. Através de histórias comoventes e pessoais de vítimas e imagens inéditas, este documentário lança luz sobre os segredos que permaneceram ocultos por décadas. O que realmente aconteceu? Quem foi o responsável? E por que eles não foram responsabilizados?
Desvendamos diversos eventos históricos cruciais para compreender o sistema do Apartheid sob ambas as perspectivas e acompanhamos três casos judiciais emblemáticos, ouvindo tanto as vítimas quanto os assassinos.
Desvendamos diversos eventos históricos cruciais para compreender o sistema do Apartheid sob ambas as perspectivas e acompanhamos três casos judiciais emblemáticos, ouvindo tanto as vítimas quanto os assassinos.
Categoria
📚
AprendizadoTranscrição
00:17Transcrição e Legendas Pedro Negri
00:42Legendas Pedro Negri
01:08Legendas Pedro Negri
01:30Legendas Pedro Negri
01:31a tornar-se o primeiro presidente negro da África do Sul e com a criação de uma Comissão
01:36da Verdade e Reconciliação, o mundo foi informado de que os horrores do Apartheid ficariam
01:41para sempre relegados ao passado.
01:44Mas hoje, passados 30 anos, as feridas não cicatrizaram.
01:49Os perpetradores continuam a guardar os seus segredos.
02:02E as vítimas continuam a procurar a verdade e a justiça.
02:12As pessoas que estiveram pessoalmente envolvidas contam agora as suas histórias e mostram a verdadeira face do Apartheid.
02:42Na década de 1970, Mandela e outros combatentes da liberdade estavam já há anos presos em Robben Island
02:49e a repressão violenta na África do Sul tornara-se a norma.
02:53Ao expandir as suas forças de segurança, os serviços de informação e as operações secretas,
02:58o país estava a transformar-se num estado policial.
03:02As a young policial, a naive policial, 19 anos,
03:07nós nos mandamos, ou não, nós nos forçamos a at least 50 arrestos por mês.
03:13Então, o que foi a mais fácil de arrestos para arrestos?
03:15A black pessoa não carrega o ID.
03:18Onde está seu pass? Eu não tenho a voz.
03:20Get in the variant. Obrigado, a voz.
03:23Isso é isso.
03:24Mas no fim do mês, se você tiver 50 arrestos, você não está em problema.
03:30Eu consegui sentir a Apartheid, o rabo-pullet.
03:34Você acorda no dia, tem o rabo-pullet no seu estube,
03:36porque eles estavam procurando comandos durante o dia e tudo isso.
03:42Você vê esses jovens jovens em armados, patrolando.
03:47Então, quando você vê eles, você sabe,
03:49entrar na casa, você não quer problemas.
03:52Esse medo de ficar claro, porque o jovens jovens estão aqui.
03:58E aí, você vê,
04:00esse grande, burro-securador de segurança.
04:03Eles disseram,
04:05você se senta aqui,
04:06nós vamos procurar sua casa para subversão literatura.
04:10E isso levou, eu acho, mais de dois horas.
04:14E eles deixaram a casa em turma.
04:16E isso me afetou muito profundamente.
04:22E isso, eu acho, que eu percebiu,
04:24esse enorme poder, que os jovens tinham.
04:28E isso, eu acho,
05:00As separações impostas e as brutalidades policiais
05:04infiltraram-se na sociedade
05:06e também levaram a confrontos violentos
05:08entre brancos e negros no cotidiano.
05:11Do not know how, that was Thursday.
05:14Do not know how in Africans means hitting people.
05:18During that day,
05:19you don't go to the farm area where white people are.
05:22You don't walk along the road
05:23where white people will be passing with cars or motorbikes.
05:28They only take you by the shirt,
05:29they lift you up like this.
05:30Hey, careful, I'll fucking kill you.
05:32Because they used to refer to us as careful.
05:34Careful means that
05:37unbeliever or uncivilized people.
05:41I knew that I was special
05:44simply because I was white.
05:48There was the on-clock rail.
05:50It was white by night.
05:53And if a black person were seen outside this time,
05:58he could be arrested.
06:01So what happened is
06:02we were, let's say, five or six boys.
06:05And we will walk in the street
06:06and if you see a black person coming,
06:09you will own it.
06:10I will call it Maina.
06:11It means that I must put him down.
06:14Once he's down,
06:15everyone will go like a tribe of hunger wolves
06:18and kick him and assault him
06:21until they feel satisfied.
06:26I was taken by force one day by white people.
06:30Put me in the car and they hit me.
06:32You know, for nothing.
06:33They hit me a lot, a lot.
06:35My face was almost double in size, you know,
06:39until I pleaded with them.
06:40Then they just pushed me out of the car
06:42and leave me there.
06:44Every black man will know.
06:46It was a past time for them.
06:51We just beat them for nothing.
06:54In apartheid, we were so used to
06:57that black people are nothing,
06:59that we didn't care how we treat them.
07:02It was so normal for us to disrespect them
07:05that we never saw them as humans.
07:11Como o filho de um polícia,
07:13Tully Friedenberg viu em primeira mão
07:15como a polícia do apartheid
07:17lidava com a resistência negra.
07:31O meu pai era um homem muito strict.
07:34Ele era um grande bote.
07:35Ele era um homem muito conservador.
07:36He was a very withdrawn, unemotional person.
07:40There was not a big bond
07:41between my father and I,
07:43but he was an example to me.
07:46We had to go to church every Sunday,
07:48prayer before dinner,
07:49prayer after dinner,
07:50dress conservatly.
07:52We were not allowed to mix
07:54with anybody else.
07:56My father referred to black people
07:59in a very derogative way,
08:00as people with lesser rights
08:02and a lesser person than ourselves.
08:06On the 16th of June, 1976,
08:09I was still in school.
08:11I came back from school
08:12and I crossed my father
08:14by the front door.
08:15He was dressed in his uniform
08:17and he said to me,
08:18I'll see you later.
08:19That night we saw on the television news
08:21that there was riots in Soweto.
08:23Black school children boycotted schools
08:26after being told that the teaching
08:28of the white Afrikaans language
08:29would be compulsory.
08:30The children believed their education
08:32to be inferior to the whites.
08:35O protesto estudantil
08:37contra a imposição do Afrikaans
08:38foi recebido
08:39com uma resposta policial implacável.
08:42Centenas de crianças
08:43foram baleadas e mortas.
08:49After three months,
08:50he returned home.
08:51Very dirty,
08:52very thin.
08:53Never spoke a word
08:54about what happened
08:55in Soweto.
08:57The first groups like himself
08:59experienced the most dramatic stuff.
09:03All those guys,
09:04everything,
09:05they were just,
09:06all that shooting,
09:07the first young children
09:08that has been killed
09:09by the police.
09:11But you don't know
09:12if your father shot at anyone?
09:14I don't know.
09:15He never discussed it with me.
09:17For us,
09:18if you shot that person
09:19or if you killed any person,
09:21this is not a thing
09:21to brag about it
09:23or to tell anybody else.
09:24You have to deal with by yourself.
09:27He was more withdrawn,
09:28much more withdrawn.
09:30He completely gave himself
09:31over to the work.
09:33Spent this time
09:34of the family itself
09:35and that is it.
09:43During the outbreak
09:44of a behavior in Soweto,
09:46my cousin and his friend
09:47introduced me into politics.
09:49They said to me,
09:51I must leave the country,
09:53go and join the army
09:54that will overthrow apartheid
09:57and set black people free.
10:01Em resposta às brutalidades,
10:03muitos jovens
10:04decidiram juntar-se
10:05ao MK,
10:06o braço militar
10:07do ANC.
10:08O MK tinha estabelecido
10:10campos de treino
10:11nos países vizinhos
10:12para preparar combatentes
10:13para a resistência armada
10:15contra o regime
10:15do apartheid.
10:16do apartheid.
10:18I went to join the MK,
10:19I moved from South Africa
10:22across to Angola.
10:25In the camp,
10:26it was terrible.
10:28But we stayed there,
10:29nevertheless,
10:30and they told us
10:31these are the beginning
10:33of the difficulty
10:34of the war
10:35that we are going to fight.
10:38It was completely military training,
10:41light weapons,
10:42AK-47,
10:42and, of course,
10:44how to handle explosives.
10:47I'm a cameraman,
10:48always be prepared to die.
10:51We entered South Africa
10:52many times,
10:53carried guns,
10:54knowing that my future,
10:55my life,
10:56depends on these bullets.
11:00Eventually,
11:00they took me to Zambia.
11:03Things started to be bad.
11:06Every day,
11:06we would wake up
11:07in the morning,
11:07march,
11:08and, of course,
11:08there was no food.
11:09So, you know,
11:11people resort to
11:12some drinking,
11:14and, you know,
11:14the army were murmuring.
11:17We were anxious,
11:18yeah, really.
11:20When they said,
11:21you must bring
11:21the leadership
11:22of the NCA here,
11:24the leadership
11:24did not respond.
11:26So then,
11:27they started arresting
11:28some of those soldiers,
11:29and before we know it,
11:31there were people
11:31being picked up
11:32on allegations
11:33that they were working
11:34for South African Security Force.
11:36I believe the NCA
11:38became paranoid.
11:39Such a reaction
11:40was uncalled for.
11:43God,
11:44we're beating them
11:44with some rubber
11:46under their feet,
11:47in the body of their feet.
11:49So,
11:50bring them on the ground,
11:51forcing them to confess
11:52something they know
11:53nothing about.
11:55The NCA was our home,
11:56and we're proud about it.
11:58But when they started
11:59arresting people,
12:00torturing people,
12:03something seriously
12:05was involved in us.
12:09Enquanto o MK
12:10tinha de treinar
12:11os seus guerreiros
12:12no estrangeiro,
12:13os rapazes
12:13dentro do sistema
12:14do Apartheid
12:15eram ensinados
12:15a lutar
12:16desde muito jovens.
12:18In our school system,
12:20an Afrikaner school system,
12:21it was mandatory
12:22for the school children
12:23to go to Veldschool.
12:25You were sent
12:26to a far off
12:27remote place
12:28where you were
12:28teached
12:29via Puitreed.
12:31With Afrikaans songs.
12:33Machtag troon,
12:35die Drakens berg.
12:38Bosbiscuit
12:39an alle kant.
12:41That is the word
12:42sitte.
12:43Ja.
12:48On Wednesday
12:49afternoons
12:50we had
12:50a jeugd
12:51verbarite.
12:53The boys
12:54was teach
12:55how to drill,
12:56military drills,
12:58military maneuvers,
12:59and also
12:59we were taught
13:00how to shoot.
13:04For me,
13:04the shooting
13:05was nice.
13:06Because I was
13:07the champion.
13:10But the drilling
13:11was not for me.
13:13I saw it
13:13as unnecessary.
13:14And also
13:15the way
13:15that he treated
13:16you there,
13:16like,
13:17young soldiers.
13:18And you were
13:1913, 14 years old.
13:21It reminded me
13:22about Hitlerjugend.
13:24If you look
13:25at German history
13:26where the Jews
13:26was referred to
13:27as untermensch,
13:28laser persons,
13:29exactly in the 70s,
13:31the black people
13:31in South Africa
13:32was referred to
13:33as untermensch,
13:34laser person.
13:35That's what
13:36they will teach you.
13:38You were prepared
13:40for military service.
13:42I immediately
13:43joined the police.
13:44There was no choice
13:45for me.
13:45That was my calling.
13:46I wanted to be
13:47part of the
13:48full-time war
13:49as a policeman.
13:52No campo
13:53do MK,
13:54na Zâmbia,
13:55as coisas
13:55estavam prestes
13:56a tomar
13:56um rumo
13:57errado
13:57para Mfala Pizza.
14:00I became scared
14:01for the NCA.
14:03One soldier
14:04who was under
14:05my care,
14:06his name is
14:06Choti,
14:07and he was
14:08very close to me.
14:09He had, I think,
14:11what I consider
14:12to be
14:12post-traumatic
14:13war syndrome.
14:15You'll go a hole,
14:16go into the village,
14:17drink a beer,
14:18when the road call
14:20is not there,
14:21so they'll report
14:22to the seniors.
14:23But I never thought
14:24there would be
14:25such an extreme measure
14:27taken against him.
14:30One day,
14:31I was told
14:31to take that guy
14:32at night
14:32under the pretext,
14:34tell him that
14:34he's going to Angola.
14:37and on the way
14:38we strike to
14:39hand him over
14:39to the commander
14:40who shall already
14:40dig the hole,
14:41the grave.
14:45At the moment
14:46where he was
14:46handed over
14:47to be killed,
14:47when he was aware
14:48he's going to die,
14:49Choti told me,
14:51come to continue
14:52with the struggle,
14:53with the war.
14:55So those ways
14:57will stay with me
14:58as long as I live.
15:01Choti was killed
15:02by his army commander.
15:03And that for me
15:04became completely
15:06a point of no return.
15:08I knew that
15:09I was no longer
15:10the ANC.
15:10I had no enthusiasm
15:12for anything.
15:14Even alcohol
15:15could not help me.
15:16I felt condemned.
15:17Because it was
15:18my first time
15:20I was implicated
15:22in killing a person.
15:23First time.
15:24Even though
15:25I was not there
15:25and witnessed it,
15:26but I knew
15:27I handed him over.
15:31It was a damning
15:32and distractedness
15:34inside me.
15:36So I decided
15:38at that point
15:39that I have joined
15:40the wrong people.
15:50Tolly Frigdenburg
15:51também foi enviado
15:52para o estrangeiro
15:52em 1981
15:53para se juntar
15:54à longa e agressiva
15:55guerra fronteiriça
15:56do Apartheid
15:57contra os movimentos
15:58de libertação
15:59apoiados pelos comunistas
16:00dos países vizinhos.
16:03I was sent
16:04to Namibia
16:05at the age
16:05of 19.
16:08The South African
16:09police
16:09had two groups
16:10there.
16:11We as
16:11counterinsurgents
16:12unit
16:13had the area
16:14to patrol
16:15and look for
16:15insurgents there.
16:17Every day
16:17we went out
16:18on the
16:18cuspis,
16:19our armoured
16:19protected vehicles
16:20and we patrolled
16:21the area
16:23and then
16:24the other group
16:25called the
16:25Kufut Group
16:26that is permanently
16:26stationed there.
16:28Kufut was
16:29a specialised
16:29unit within
16:30the security
16:31branch
16:31considered to be
16:33one of the
16:33best fighting
16:34units in the
16:35world.
16:37They were
16:37professional
16:38police
16:39soldiers.
16:41Rough and
16:42tough.
16:46Those guys
16:47were fighting
16:47a war
16:4824-7
16:50for 5,
16:516,
16:517 years.
16:52Every day
16:53you go out
16:54with the
16:55purpose
16:55to kill
16:56people.
16:57It does
16:57something to
16:58your soul.
17:01You will
17:01not look for
17:02trouble with
17:03them.
17:04They drink
17:05a lot.
17:06This is the
17:06only way
17:07for them
17:07to cope
17:07with their
17:08mental health
17:08issues
17:09is by
17:09drinking.
17:11There was
17:12a bar
17:12policemen
17:12not allowed
17:13to go
17:13there,
17:14but for
17:14that reason
17:15we went
17:15there.
17:16And I
17:17was sitting
17:17in the
17:17bar,
17:18I was
17:18still a
17:1919-year-old
17:19young boy,
17:20and in
17:21walks
17:22Eugene
17:22de Kock
17:22one of
17:23the
17:23hundred
17:24members
17:24of
17:24KUFUT.
17:27He was
17:28notorious,
17:28he was
17:29known as
17:30very aggressive
17:30person.
17:32He was
17:33coming into
17:33the bar
17:34looking for
17:35a fight
17:35and we
17:36young guys
17:37just
17:37disappeared
17:39because he
17:40was feared
17:40by everybody.
17:41We just
17:41disappeared.
17:43after
17:44years
17:44in a
17:44war
17:45violent
17:46Eugene
17:46de Kock
17:47was
17:47transferred
17:48to
17:48Africa
17:49to
17:49South
17:49and
17:49lead
17:50a
17:50team
17:53of
17:54by the
17:54Flak
17:55Plus.
17:58I
17:58received a
17:59phone call
17:59from one
17:59of my
18:00friends
18:00that was
18:00working
18:01with
18:01Eugene
18:01de Kock
18:02at
18:02Flak
18:02Plus
18:02asking
18:03me
18:03to
18:03join
18:04them.
18:05I
18:05didn't
18:06often
18:06listen
18:06to
18:06my
18:07father's
18:07advice
18:07but
18:08I
18:09did
18:09discuss
18:09this
18:09with him
18:10and
18:10they
18:10told
18:10me
18:11stay
18:12away
18:12from
18:12those
18:12guys.
18:13He
18:13was
18:13still
18:14in
18:14the
18:14police
18:15and
18:16I
18:16listened
18:16to
18:16him.
18:17There
18:17was
18:18already
18:18rumors
18:18what
18:18was
18:19going on
18:19with
18:19Eugene
18:20de Kock
18:20and
18:20his
18:20grouping.
18:22They
18:22are the
18:23guys
18:23that
18:23will
18:23do
18:23a
18:23job
18:24for
18:24you.
18:25Kill
18:25anything
18:26that
18:26you
18:26want
18:26them
18:26they
18:26will
18:27do
18:27it.
18:28I
18:29was
18:29lucky.
18:30I
18:30would
18:30have
18:30been
18:31one
18:31of
18:31those
18:31guys.
18:33I
18:33would
18:33probably
18:33be
18:34in
18:34jail
18:34now.
18:41Hello?
18:41Oh
18:42hi,
18:42is
18:42that
18:42Eugene
18:42de Kock?
18:43Yeah.
18:44I'm
18:44doing
18:44some
18:44research
18:45for
18:45a
18:45documentary
18:46series.
18:47We
18:47want
18:47you
18:47to
18:48look
18:48at
18:48all
18:48sides.
18:49wanted to
18:50if
18:50this
18:51is
18:51a
18:51good
18:51time
18:51to
18:52chat
18:52to
18:52you
18:52about
18:52it.
18:53I
18:53never
18:54saw
18:54this
18:54in
18:54America.
18:59Hello?
18:59Hi,
19:00is that
19:00Mr.
19:00Von
19:00Fuhrer?
19:01Can we
19:02speak to you?
19:02We
19:03wondered if
19:03we could
19:04meet
19:04and have
19:04a
19:04chat
19:04to you?
19:06My
19:06advocate
19:06say
19:07we cannot
19:08speak
19:08to you
19:09guys.
19:10And I
19:10don't
19:11think
19:11it
19:11read,
19:11but
19:12unfortunately
19:13we
19:14said
19:14I cannot
19:14talk
19:15to you.
19:45about 23
19:46to 24
19:47the
19:48cock asked
19:48me to
19:49join
19:49his
19:49group.
19:51I
19:51saw
19:52this guy
19:52with his
19:53three glasses,
19:55his conservative
19:56hair,
19:57and
19:57khakis,
19:59and high-tech boots,
20:01over six feet
20:02old,
20:02and broad
20:03shoulders,
20:04typical African.
20:07I told
20:08someone that
20:08looks after
20:09these people,
20:11he
20:12was
20:12vicious,
20:14brutal,
20:16but
20:17someone I
20:17could
20:17work
20:18with.
20:19He just
20:20said to
20:20me,
20:21don't I
20:21want to
20:21join
20:22his
20:22group?
20:23And I
20:24said,
20:24yeah,
20:25of course,
20:26because
20:27I liked
20:27it.
20:29That's
20:29where all
20:30the action
20:30was,
20:31and I
20:32knew
20:32what
20:32they
20:32were
20:33doing.
20:34They
20:34were
20:34sanctioned
20:35to
20:35go
20:35and
20:36do
20:36killings.
20:37That's
20:38quite
20:38yes.
20:40I
20:40felt
20:40good.
20:42It was
20:42good
20:43during
20:43Flock
20:44Blood.
20:45We
20:45were
20:46anti-terrorists,
20:47so-called
20:48terrorists.
20:50They
20:50ain't
20:50two
20:50people.
20:52Whenever
20:53they
20:53needed
20:53someone
20:54to be
20:54taken
20:55out,
20:55they
20:55would
20:55call
20:56us.
20:58We
20:58would
20:58go
20:59there
20:59and
20:59kill
20:59the
20:59person
21:00and
21:00come
21:00back.
21:03One,
21:03two,
21:04three,
21:04four,
21:05five,
21:05I don't
21:05know.
21:06Obviously
21:07I was
21:07a
21:07killer,
21:08but
21:09I
21:09had
21:09no,
21:09just
21:10did
21:10my
21:10job.
21:13Para
21:13localizar
21:14os
21:14operativos
21:15do
21:15ANC,
21:16os
21:16membros
21:16de
21:16VLAG
21:17PLAS
21:17recorriam
21:18a
21:18dezenas
21:18de
21:18Askari,
21:19ou
21:19informadores,
21:20antigos
21:21membros
21:21dos
21:21movimentos
21:22de
21:22libertação
21:22que
21:23tinham
21:23sido
21:23forçados
21:24a
21:24mudar
21:24de
21:24lado.
21:25Askarri
21:26would
21:26drive
21:26around
21:27all day
21:27looking
21:28for
21:28infotators
21:29to do
21:30suwato,
21:31through
21:31Johannesburg,
21:32all
21:33over.
21:34They
21:35would
21:35identify
21:36someone
21:36as
21:37ANC
21:38infiltrate
21:39him.
21:41They
21:42interrogated
21:42him,
21:43tortured
21:43him to
21:44break his
21:45roll down,
21:46to break his
21:47resistance down.
21:54two
21:55people
21:56was
21:58in
21:59the band
21:59of
21:59a
22:00tire
22:00with
22:02eyes
22:02of
22:02someone's
22:03head
22:03him,
22:05beat
22:06him,
22:07shock,
22:08electrical
22:08shocks,
22:11sleep
22:11deprivation.
22:14Most
22:15of
22:15them
22:15cracked
22:15and
22:17told
22:17us
22:18everything
22:18they
22:19knew.
22:19Some
22:20didn't.
22:23So
22:23we
22:23went
22:23through
22:24more
22:24brutal
22:25torture,
22:27worse
22:27shocks
22:28and worse.
22:30They
22:30would
22:30scream
22:31and cry
22:33and pray
22:34to God.
22:37Some
22:38died.
22:40It was
22:41just
22:41something
22:41that we
22:42did.
22:43it
22:43was
22:44normal
22:45practice
22:45in the
22:46police
22:46thing.
22:52I did
22:53not trust
22:53the ANC
22:54after I
22:55killed
22:55Shoti.
22:55So I
22:56decided I
22:57would leave
22:57the ANC.
22:59I've
22:59seen the
23:00futility,
23:01the
23:01destructiveness
23:02of war.
23:02I don't
23:03want war.
23:04I'm
23:04sick
23:05mentally
23:05of
23:05the
23:05soul.
23:07So I
23:08decided at
23:08that point
23:08I'm going to
23:09walk to
23:09South Africa,
23:10to my
23:11country.
23:12I told the
23:12white
23:13people I
23:13came here
23:14because I
23:14was born
23:15in this
23:15country.
23:16And I
23:16don't want
23:17any war
23:18on the
23:18side of
23:18the ANC
23:19or the
23:20white
23:21people.
23:22The
23:22security
23:23forces
23:23detained
23:24me.
23:25I stayed
23:25with them
23:26for three
23:26months.
23:27They
23:27interrogated
23:28me and
23:28they threatened
23:29me with
23:30imprisonment,
23:31but also
23:32with death.
23:34And I'm
23:35from bed,
23:35they told me
23:35take your
23:36things.
23:36My
23:36trouser,
23:37I have
23:37the only
23:38shirt and
23:38trouser and
23:39two
23:39trousers.
23:40Take your
23:40things,
23:41they put
23:42me in a
23:42car.
23:48They dumped
23:49me in a
23:49place,
23:50a farm in
23:50the mountains,
23:52which I later
23:53came to know
23:54that it's a
23:54flat blast.
23:56That was
23:57scary stuff.
24:00There was an
24:01inscription written
24:02on the gate of
24:03hell,
24:03who ever came
24:04here must
24:05abandon
24:05any hope.
24:07There was no
24:08hope there.
24:10Death was
24:11everywhere.
24:14I experienced
24:14hell on earth.
24:17I ran
24:17away.
24:18I didn't
24:19want to go
24:19back to that
24:19place.
24:21So I was
24:22arrested and
24:22they sent me
24:23back to the
24:24farm where I
24:25found a lot of
24:25white people and
24:26other units.
24:28There was a
24:29commander and he
24:30told me,
24:31if you do
24:31that again,
24:32I'll kill you
24:33personally or I'll
24:34send you back to
24:35the N.C. to kill you.
24:38They referred to us as
24:40scurries.
24:42They used us to hunt
24:43for the N.C.
24:44caters.
24:45They would take us
24:46to look for them in
24:47the towns.
24:49When you see them,
24:50identify them.
24:52Someone will be killed
24:53during the arrest.
24:56I had no choice
24:57because if I leave
24:58Laplace, I'll be
24:59killed.
25:01Sometimes I'll go
25:02to pray.
25:03I'll say to God,
25:03let me die.
25:06I'll ask God,
25:07please, please,
25:07let me die.
25:08And God will
25:09remain silenced.
25:13You're concerned
25:14if you made it
25:16affect you.
25:17It made you
25:18a lesser person.
25:22By three,
25:24four o'clock,
25:24people started
25:25drinking
25:27every day.
25:29Some don't feel.
25:33They would easily
25:34punish a bottle of
25:35Red Heart rum.
25:37Because they
25:38was actually
25:38their favorite.
25:41Oh, God.
25:43I could never
25:44keep up.
25:46I can't drink
25:47so much.
25:50Basically,
25:51everyone has worked
25:52as a farmer
25:52as a psychopath.
25:59One night at home,
26:01the cook called me
26:02to come and see him.
26:03I went to him.
26:04He told me
26:06there's a body
26:07and he died
26:08under interrogation.
26:11We had to get
26:12rid of the body.
26:14So we loaded
26:15the body
26:16into a truck.
26:17We went to
26:18Verzach,
26:20which is a training
26:21facility for
26:22the Special Forces.
26:27And we blew up
26:28the body.
26:30Made all the pieces,
26:31bring all the pieces
26:32together again
26:33and blew it up again.
26:34that the same procedure
26:36over and over
26:36there was nothing
26:37left.
26:38It is very brutal.
26:40But the game
26:41we played
26:42was brutal.
26:51I don't think
26:52we cared much.
26:54There was no respect
26:55for life or anything.
26:59No one could tell me
27:01anything.
27:03We knew nothing
27:04could happen to us.
27:06The cook was always
27:07protect us.
27:10and that's the rule.
27:19No início
27:20de 1982,
27:22a unidade
27:22de Black Plus
27:23foi alertada
27:23de que quatro
27:24estudantes
27:25da zona
27:25de Kajiso
27:26estavam a planear
27:27juntar-se
27:27à luta armada
27:28contra o Apartheid.
27:30Mefari
27:31was just
27:31a gentle
27:32guy.
27:33He was
27:34into politics
27:34as a
27:36COSAS member.
27:37COSAS
27:38is the
27:39student movement
27:40from school.
27:41It's part
27:41of the ANC.
27:43He was
27:43the oldest
27:44person
27:44in this group.
27:46He wanted
27:47to see
27:47a black
27:48person
27:48free
27:48from this
27:50apartheid regime,
27:51not being
27:51oppressed
27:51and everything,
27:52see.
27:55They have
27:55learned
27:55us to jump
27:56the border
27:56to become
27:57MK members
27:58and get
27:58military training,
27:59take up arms
28:00and fight.
28:06This is
28:06the place
28:07where it all
28:07happened
28:08in 1982.
28:10There was
28:11a building.
28:12Here are some
28:12rocks and
28:13everything.
28:16It was
28:16a mineshaft
28:17before.
28:19They were
28:19taking
28:19the
28:20Askaris,
28:20the
28:21apartheid
28:21regime
28:21people
28:22like
28:22Yunfala
28:22Peter.
28:24He was
28:25from exile.
28:26They trusted
28:26him.
28:29Unfortunately,
28:30Mfala Pizza
28:30was a member
28:31of the police
28:32by then.
28:32Now, he was
28:33an Askaris member.
28:34He was
28:35an informant.
28:38Then he took
28:39the boys
28:39promising them
28:40he'll train
28:41them to be
28:42MK soldiers.
28:44It was a
28:45betrayal.
28:48They just
28:49locked them
28:49inside the
28:49building.
28:51So it was
28:51blown away
28:52by the bomb.
28:55They were all
28:55bombed here.
28:56They followed them.
28:58my father
28:59died.
29:01Zando
29:02was the only
29:02survivor here.
29:03They thought
29:04that Zando
29:05was dead
29:05country.
29:05He was not
29:06dead.
29:09Zando
29:09was so
29:10involved in
29:11politics.
29:12He compromised
29:13his life
29:14for the struggle.
29:17Zando
29:18knew
29:18Mfala Pizza.
29:19He was a
29:20very close
29:21friend to the
29:21family.
29:22He would
29:23even share
29:24with us
29:24a meal
29:25because his
29:26home was
29:27just diagonal
29:27opposite our
29:28home.
29:29So Zando
29:30trusted him.
29:38told me he
29:39want me to
29:39help them
29:40to cross
29:40the country
29:41to train
29:41as an
29:42MK soldiers.
29:43So he thought
29:44I was still
29:45operating as an
29:46NC member.
29:48I thought that
29:49maybe it's a
29:49security test
29:51from Black
29:52Plus.
29:53If I don't
29:54tell them
29:54they're going to
29:55kill me.
29:55So I
29:56reported it.
29:57And then
29:58after three
29:58days they
29:59came back
29:59to me and
30:00said no
30:00you must
30:00trap those
30:01guys.
30:02We'll trap
30:03them and
30:03kill them.
30:04I objected
30:05I said no.
30:06I told them
30:06why don't we
30:07arrest them.
30:08They said no.
30:08They took
30:09decisions already.
30:10It can be
30:11changed from
30:12the highest
30:12level.
30:15I felt
30:16that I ran
30:17away from
30:17the
30:18destructiveness
30:19of the NC.
30:19Now I'm at
30:20the destructiveness
30:20of the
30:21Boas.
30:21So I was
30:22in a belly
30:23of two
30:23beasts.
30:24So I
30:25felt like
30:26I was
30:26in a
30:27hard
30:28place
30:28and a
30:29rock.
30:30There's
30:30nowhere to
30:31escape.
30:34They
30:35give me
30:35the order
30:35that I
30:36go arrange
30:36with them
30:36a certain
30:37spot.
30:39I must
30:39go inside
30:40that spot
30:41with them.
30:41They'll
30:42give me
30:42dummy
30:43weapons
30:44as if
30:44I'm
30:44training
30:45them.
30:45And
30:45then I'll
30:45later
30:46go out
30:46and they'll
30:47blow the
30:47place up.
30:50I had
30:51no money.
30:52I had
30:52no passport.
30:53I had
30:53nothing.
30:53There was
30:53nowhere else
30:54to go.
30:57Transport
30:57came and
30:58picked me
30:58up in
30:58them.
31:01We went
31:01into the
31:02place there
31:04and we
31:04did as
31:05we were
31:05told and
31:06then I
31:06walked out.
31:08I left.
31:12Then they
31:13detonated
31:13the explosive.
31:16They detonated
31:16the explosive.
31:18They killed
31:19them.
31:26them.
31:27following
31:27morning,
31:27Zandau
31:27was not
31:28home.
31:29We waited
31:30for some
31:31time and
31:31then on
31:32the second
31:32day,
31:33my sister
31:33suggested
31:34that she
31:35would go
31:35to the
31:36government
31:36missionary
31:37to check
31:38if Zandau
31:38was there.
31:39When she
31:40arrived there,
31:41she found
31:41the three
31:41corpses.
31:43Zandau
31:43was not
31:44there.
31:45As pessoas nos disseram que eles veem Zando com grandes homens, e então eles tukam ele.
31:53Depois de dois meses, a polícia veio para a minha casa e disse a minha irmã que Zando estava em
31:59prisão.
32:00Quando ela chegou na prisão, ela encontrou Zando.
32:04Os seus olhos foram bleeding.
32:05Ele estava limping, e ela disse a minha irmã que eu tenho um braço.
32:10Quando a interrogação, ele nos disseram que a polícia ia vir e segurar o seu braço e dizer a ele,
32:20Ele devem dizer a verdade sobre o que aconteceu.
32:23Ele tentou ele com o seu braço.
32:27Nós tentamos perguntar Zando, o que aconteceu na noite?
32:32Como os seus amigos morreram?
32:34Zando começou a chorar.
32:39Houve uma explosão, ele entrou no céu, o bairro foi removido da casa, e todos estavam ficando lá.
32:50Ele estava inconsciente por algum tempo, e depois, quando ele ganhou consciência, ele tirou o seu braço.
32:58Ele tocou algo muito forte, ele suspeitou que poderia ser os seus olhos, e depois, ele estava inconsciente novamente.
33:10E quando ele abriu os olhos, ele abriu os olhos, ele viu o céu.
33:20Ele levou os olhos do céu.
33:21Ele levou os olhos de 1982.
33:24Ele não conseguiu caminhar.
33:26Ele não conseguiu caminhar.
33:27Ele não conseguiu caminhar.
33:28Zando sempre disse,
33:29que, eu tenho essa dor que eu não posso fazer.
33:33Ele estava muito louco.
33:40Eu sou um bebê, um mês, três dias.
33:44Ele me destruiu muito.
33:50Eu tenho que ter um filho de Farafiga para mostrar-lhe coisas.
33:54Bairar os jogadores, levar-lhe para os estados e tudo isso.
33:59Mas isso me deixou.
34:01Então essa angia cresceu dentro de mim.
34:07Às vezes você tem que se desculpe, mas nunca esquece o que aconteceu.
34:12Eu fiz coisas boas para os meus pais.
34:15Eu nunca esquece o que você fez.
34:18Porque isso sempre me ajudou.
34:20Ele me ajudou.
34:25Eu não tenho o Farafiga hoje.
34:27Mas eu estou muito orgulhosa de ele, de o que ele fez.
34:31E todas essas pessoas que morreram, em vaino para o sistema apartado.
34:35Se não fosse para eles, vocês não estariam aqui hoje.
34:38Nós não temos essa liberdade que nós temos hoje.
34:43Quando a Comissão da Verdade e Reconciliação foi criada em 1996,
34:47as famílias das vítimas finalmente tiveram esperança de ouvir toda a história
34:51sobre como os seus entes queridos foram mortos e quem era responsável.
34:55Era a primeira vez em que se iriam confrontar diretamente com os perpetradores.
35:02Eu decidi ir para o TRC.
35:04Eu fui lá, com uma sensação misturada, claro.
35:09Eu sabia que a família estava lá, e eles estavam lá.
35:13E eu aproximava-se até mesmo antes da presidência.
35:18Eu pedi-lhe para o Forgivamento.
35:20Eu disse para o Forgivamento.
35:20Eu disse para o Forgivamento.
35:21Eu desculpe-lhe desculpe-lhe desculpe-lhe desculpe-lhe.
35:36Mas, para mim, eu simplesmente criava.
35:39E isso era o único que eu poderia fazer.
35:43Eu fiz um erro, que ninguém pode levar isso para mim.
35:47Para mim, não é só uma questão de conquistar amnistades.
35:50É só uma questão de reconciliação com a gente.
35:54Então, a unidade da minha vida pode ser restaçada.
36:00Foi uma experiência muito triste.
36:04Não foi bom.
36:12A Comissão da Verdade e Reconciliação
36:15recusou conceder amnistia à Amphalapitza.
36:17Não estavam convencidos de que os assassinatos
36:19tinham motivação política
36:20e consideraram que as suas ações foram
36:22injustificávelmente excessivas.
36:40Para perpetradores, como o Mephalapitza, que não receberam amnistia,
36:44a Comissão da Verdade e Reconciliação recomendou a sua acusação.
36:47Mas, durante décadas, nada aconteceu.
36:50A antiga comissária da Comissão, Yasmin Sukha,
36:52que lidou com os processos da amnistia,
36:55está consternada pelo facto de as famílias
36:57continuarem à espera de justiça.
36:59Eu sempre tive a visão de que, no longo termo,
37:03a lei seria de seguir a causa.
37:05E isso é também o motivo de que, no TRC,
37:08sete up this list of about 300 cases,
37:12which we said the Truth Commission
37:13couldn't really deal with.
37:17The legislation says
37:19if they did not apply for amnesty
37:21or if amnesty was rejected,
37:24then the law would follow its cause.
37:27And the NPA,
37:28the National Prosecutorial Authority,
37:31would need to investigate and prosecute
37:33where the evidence existed.
37:36But, for a long time,
37:38there would be no prosecutions
37:40or investigations.
37:42The families expected that their government
37:45would do something about it
37:47and they haven't.
37:49It's affected them dramatically
37:51and they're still painfully
37:53waiting for justice.
37:59As famílias dos Cosas Fort
38:01têm vindo a pressionar
38:02pela acusação dos perpetradores
38:04há décadas.
38:06É um dos poucos processos judiciais
38:08ainda em curso
38:09contra os assassinos
38:10do regime do Apartheid.
38:13Mas tem havido
38:14múltiplos atrasos.
38:18Now, it will be 42 years
38:20the incident happened.
38:22We lost our brothers
38:23and they were very young.
38:2619, 18, 17 and 16.
38:30Their future was just cut off
38:32and they are lying dead
38:33in the grave.
38:37My wish is to see
38:39just this done.
38:41We were just anxious
38:42what is going to happen today
38:44because we've been going to court
38:45more than 21 times
38:46and postponement every time.
38:50So it's very frustrating.
39:17it goes on and we can go to trial
39:20and see what's going to happen.
39:21It goes on and we can go to trial
39:22You can see
39:23they are all of them.
39:24They are all English.
39:26It's turning them apart.
39:34Crimes against humanity,
39:36murder
39:37and the final charges
39:39the crime against humanity
39:41of Apartheid.
39:43The charges arise
39:45from the death
39:46of four persons
39:48in 1982.
39:52Accused number two
39:53has applied for a postponement
39:56in order for him
39:57to brief counsel.
39:59The postponement
40:00is accordingly granted.
40:03I should note for the record
40:04that no further postponement
40:06in the matter
40:07should be entertained.
40:08Mr. Mofala Pizza?
40:11Yes?
40:12You are warned
40:13to appear
40:14in this court
40:15on the 14th of May, 2024.
40:18Council may be excused.
40:24O co-acusado de Mofala Pizza
40:26pediu o adiamento.
40:28Para a frustração das famílias,
40:30o processo foi novamente adiado.
40:33I've got the mixed emotions.
40:35hurt, disappointed,
40:37and...
40:38yeah.
40:40But it's beyond my control.
40:43I'm also English.
40:45The people who are old,
40:46they might die at any time.
40:49So for them to postpone the case,
40:50it makes them happy.
40:52It's a winning situation
40:53on their side.
40:54What about us, the families?
40:56What about us?
40:58They're not thinking about us.
41:02The people who have been accused of
41:04the Apartheid
41:05of the Apartheid
41:05who have received
41:05the amnistia
41:06of the Commission
41:06of the Verde and Reconciliation,
41:08the people who have been accused
41:09of and sent to the prison.
41:11The assassino Ferdi Barnard
41:13and the commander of the Vlacplas,
41:14Eugene de Koch.
41:16Chappie Klopper
41:17decided to return
41:18to his former chief
41:19for the people's
41:23of the Vlacplas.
41:29And he became very emotional
41:31and upset about it.
41:33It wasn't going to his rules.
41:36He went berserk.
41:39So he beat me
41:40and he hit me
41:41with a pistol
41:41in my teeth.
41:44He said to me,
41:45I'm stuck off there.
41:47Get away from his place.
41:49They harassed me
41:51and they wanted me
41:52to be killed.
41:54I had enough.
41:56This is going to fall.
41:58So I decided to testify.
42:00Quando De Koch
42:01foi finalmente levado
42:02a julgamento
42:03em 1995,
42:05Klopper foi intimado
42:06a testemunhar contra ele
42:07e tornou-se
42:08a principal testemunha.
42:10I walked in there
42:11and they sat De Koch
42:12in the accused box
42:14and I testified
42:15about all these things
42:17that I knew.
42:18by the murders,
42:20the Khan murders,
42:22bombing of people.
42:25And he looked at me
42:26through those thick glasses.
42:29Just looked at me
42:30and showed no emotion.
42:33During the whole court
42:34because I never
42:35should saw him
42:35once showing emotion.
42:37I was seeing him
42:38as a traitor,
42:39of course.
42:40I felt scared.
42:42He was in jail,
42:44but I was outside of jail,
42:46in jail.
42:47I had to look over my shoulder
42:49and I still do.
42:51To understand.
42:53De Koch confessou
42:54mais de 100 atos
42:55de homicídio,
42:56tortura e fraude
42:57e recebeu amnistia
42:58pela maioria deles,
43:00mas foi condenado
43:01por seis acusações
43:02de homicídio,
43:02pelas quais foi sentenciado
43:04a duas penas
43:05de prisão perpétua.
43:06Alegou
43:07que apenas
43:07tinha seguido ordens.
43:09Ik het
43:10a
43:11verkeerdlik
43:14gegloor
43:15la das integriteit
43:16e morelle
43:17feesel
43:17by die DRG
43:19tan anwezig,
43:20maar
43:20dat het gebleiklet
43:22ek verkeerd was.
43:24Os seus colegas
43:25do Esquadrão da Morte
43:26ficaram extremamente
43:27revoltados
43:28com a sua condenação.
43:29Alegam que todos
43:30tinham seguido ordens
43:31e foram transformados
43:32em bods expiatórios
43:33enquanto aqueles
43:34que deram as ordens
43:35ficaram impunos.
43:38Os policiais
43:39e os generais
43:40todos foram liberados.
43:41Eles não foram perseguidos.
43:43Ainda não foram.
43:46Os Flock
43:47e eles
43:47kusávamos
43:48exatamente
43:48o que estava acontecendo.
43:50Ele era
43:50ministro de polícia.
43:52Eu vi ele
43:52once
43:52na Flock Plus.
43:54Ele handou
43:54de medas
43:55a Eugene
43:56para um job
43:57bem feito.
43:58Como os generais
44:00e o Flock
44:01denar
44:02de saber
44:02sobre o Flock Plus
44:03e o que estava acontecendo?
44:05é burro.
44:08Eu sabia
44:09exatamente
44:09o que estava acontecendo.
44:11O antigo ministro
44:13da administração interna
44:14Adrian Vlock
44:15que era responsável
44:15pela secção de segurança
44:17já não está vivo.
44:20O seu adjunto
44:20Ralph Meyer
44:21também participou
44:22nas reuniões
44:23do Conselho de Segurança
44:24mas afirma
44:25que nada sabia
44:26sobre o Vlock Plus
44:27e os assassinatos.
44:28Foi nunca discutido.
44:30Como isso foi possível?
44:32Foi em um círculo.
44:36Foi nunca discutido
44:38mesmo no Conselho de Segurança.
44:39do Conselho de Segurança.
44:40O problema
44:41é o problema.
44:41O que as pessoas
44:42foram dito
44:42para fazer
44:43o que eles
44:44pensavam
44:45era
44:45de instrução.
44:46E em alguns casos
44:48eles apenas
44:48acted
44:48de forma
44:49de
44:49eles.
44:50Mas eles
44:50dizem
44:51que
44:52não foi
44:52de fato
44:53que
44:54recebiam
44:54instrução.
44:55Então
44:55foi
44:55descomunicação?
44:57O que aconteceu?
44:58Sim, eu acho que é uma questão de interpretação, o que essas instruções eram.
45:04Floc, ele disse, desde o começo, quando eu comecei em como seu deputado,
45:10que eu não deveria ser envolvido em isso, em todo.
45:14Isso era o que ele tinha drawn, desde o começo.
45:20Eu acho que ele queria me proteger, talvez.
45:23E foi, eventualmente, bom para mim.
45:25E foi para o meu benefício que o floc excluiu de mim dessa informação.
45:30Claro que eles tinham.
45:32É impossível não ter conhecido.
45:35É tão confortável.
45:36Se você pode evitar lidar com isso, por que você quer saber?
45:39Então, é, você sabe, provavelmente, o que são os famosos palavras?
45:43Eles usam, plausível e desiabilidade.
45:46E é assim que eles acreditavam.
45:49Olhando até hoje, eu deveria ter perguntado mais perguntas.
45:56Mas é fácil dizer não.
45:59Mas eu deveria ter perguntado mais perguntas.
46:03Porque eu acho que isso seria a coisa correta para fazer.
46:08E isso poderia ter ajudado a expor
46:11outros que estavam fazendo o errado
46:14e se deram.
46:19Nenhum político foi enviado para a prisão
46:21pelos crimes cometidos pelo sistema do Apartheid.
46:24Entretanto, o processo contra o Ascari de Vláclas
46:27e Mfalapizza pelos assassinatos no caso dos Cozás-For
46:30foi adiado 26 vezes nos últimos 7 anos.
46:35As famílias estão desesperadas para que a justiça seja feita.
46:41Nós estamos aqui para conversar com o procurador
46:45assurando-nos que há uma possibilidade
46:47que o caso possa continuar
46:48se não há outras estratégias de desigualdade
46:51que podem sair da defesa.
47:02Nós passamos nos declarações e perguntamos algumas perguntas.
47:06Ele nos prometeu, como disse,
47:08que, enquanto nós estamos lá,
47:09ele vai ter certeza de que ele lutou,
47:12que o caso continuasse.
47:14É um dia de semana?
47:16É um dia de semana?
47:17Muito obrigado.
47:18Obrigado.
47:27O procurador nos disse que ele acha que a defesa de acusador número 2
47:33vai chegar com as táticas que derajar o caso.
47:37Eles disseram que eles irão contestar o crime contra a humanidade.
47:41É uma tortura.
47:43É tortura-nos.
47:46É uma situação muito desculpa.
47:49É muito.
47:50É muito.
47:52Nós não vamos desculpá-los ou não deixá-los assim.
47:56Nós devemos saber a verdade.
47:57O que é a justiça deve ser feita.
48:02Vocês têm uma grande quantidade de desculpações.
48:07O Estado é completamente desculpa-se de vítimas.
48:13Você tem famílias que seus pais agem, ou que seus pais passam,
48:18e os jovens, as famílias, tiveram que levar esses casos.
48:22E para eles é extremamente traumático, mas, mais do que isso,
48:26eu acho que é uma re-victimização.
48:28Eles foram victimizados pelo governo Apartheid,
48:31e agora estão sendo victimizados pelo seu próprio governo.
48:41Quatro meses após o último adiamento,
48:43o caso dos Cozas For regressa finalmente ao tribunal.
48:48Nós esperamos que isso termine com mim.
48:51Isso não vai de geração para geração.
48:53Isso é trauma.
48:54Eu não quero dar para o meu filho.
48:59Então ela ou ela vai dar para a próxima geração.
49:02Então, vamos tentar cortar aqui.
49:31Após apenas alguns minutos em tribunal,
49:34o juiz volta a adiar o processo.
49:38O ponto é esse.
49:39Nós devemos ter tido 25 a 30 doutores nesta questão.
49:44Algo está acontecendo que é realmente errado.
49:46Toda vez que há uma reunião,
49:48os juízes parecem que permitem
49:50os defendentes trazer um novo ponto para parar o tribunal.
49:54Eu sou um ator de apenas, mas estou disposto a dizer isso.
49:57É hora que os juízes exerçam a sua autoridade
50:01em relação a estas questões.
50:04Os juízes não desenharem uma linha.
50:06Para dizer que é frustrante, é para dizer que é frustrante.
50:10É para dizer que é muito difícil.
50:11É muito difícil de dizer as famílias as coisas.
50:13O processo de legais não funciona para elas.
50:17É muito difícil de dizer as famílias.
50:47É muito difícil de dizer isso.
50:50É muito difícil.
50:51Há 4 anos de trabalho,
50:52essas pessoas morreram 42 anos atrás.
50:55Mas estão busy fazendo isso para nós.
50:59O que posso fazer?
51:00Eu estava lutando por muito tempo.
51:30Nós não confiamos os homens.
51:32É ele realmente irá sair?
51:35Nós pensamos que ele era um terrorista.
51:37Ele é um número um.
51:38Ele é apenas um diabo.
51:40Minha pais foram mortos quando eu era cinco.
51:43Eles deram nos justices.
51:45Eu não entendo por que.
51:47Eu acho que ele deveria ter sido um problema político
51:50para não proceder com esses casos.
51:53Nós precisamos criar condições
51:55para todos os South Africans viveram em paz e harmonia.
Comentários