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00:0325 de April 1986, Pripyat, the city of nuclear workers, 3 km from the Chernobyl nuclear power plant.
00:13In a few days, the city's amusement park will be opened.
00:17On May 1st, one of the most important holidays of the Soviet Union.
00:26In the park, there were wheels, wheels, wheels, and cars, you know it, right?
00:36Here, here, here, on May 1st, we're all walking on the wheel of the fire, we're going to park, we're
00:44going to see, of course, we wanted all of this.
00:48No one suspects that, in 24 hours, the world will be a different place.
01:191986, the Chernobyl disaster, the end of all illusions about nuclear power.
01:26How does the accident at the power plant happen?
01:30Why is Moscow silent?
01:33And what is being covered up to this day?
01:38The search for the truth.
01:42Chernobyl.
01:44Utopia in flames.
01:52At that time, the young nuclear engineer, Oleksiy Breyus, lived in this apartment block in Pripyat.
01:59Here, on April 25th, 1986, he met his friend and colleague, Leonid Toptunov, for the last time.
02:11He was living in this apartment block, the upper-end floor, the 88.
02:20He worked with him for a while, after the reactor, we worked behind the 4th block block.
02:29Alexi Breus has never been able to come to terms
02:32with the fate of Chernobyl
02:33and that of his friend Leonid Toptunov.
02:54On this day, April 25th,
02:57a safety test is planned for Unit 4,
03:00the simulation of a power failure,
03:03followed by reactor shutdown and maintenance.
03:11So it wasn't, you know, an outrageous experiment.
03:14It was a scheduled test.
03:15It was a relatively normal, you know, test
03:20that they should have done a long time ago.
03:24The immediate test was postponed one more time
03:27because the dispatch service in Kiev said
03:31that they needed more electricity
03:33and they did not authorize the shutdown of the reactor
03:36when it had been originally planned.
03:39On April 25th, the safety test is repeatedly postponed
03:44until the night shift of reactor operator
03:48Leonid Toptunov.
04:06Leonid Toptunov's shift begins here,
04:10exactly at midnight on April 26th, 1986,
04:14a night that will change the world.
04:17Leonid Toptunov.
04:20Leonid Toptunov.
04:23Leonid Toptunov.
04:25Leonid Toptunov.
04:28Leonid Toptunov.
04:30Leonid Toptunov.
04:32Leonid Toptunov.
04:34Leonid Toptunov.
04:35Leonid Toptunov.
04:37Leonid Toptunov.
04:38Leonid Toptunov.
04:43Leonid Toptunov.
04:44Leonid Toptunov.
04:44Leonid Toptunov.
04:46Leonid Toptunov.
04:47Leonid Toptunov.
04:47Leonid Toptunov.
04:47Bora Stolyarchuk trabalhava na mesa perto de Toptunov no tempo.
04:53Stolyarchuk é um dos poucos que sobreviveu aquela noite na Unite 4.
05:27Apoio de Toptunov no tempo, a gente se relaciona ao trabalho.
05:34Por isso, não existia problemas de interesse.
05:49Porque eu era jovem, eu tinha muita saúde, eu tinha um deseo, e eu recebi um grande gratuito
05:55de que eu usarei com um tipo de equipamento tão difícil, eu pensei, eu estava certeza,
06:02que o reacção é absolutamente безопасente.
06:07Em um grande reacção de reacção, quase 12 metros em diámetro,
06:11steam is generated in some 1,700 pressure tubes for the turbines, which are heated by uranium.
06:20Hundreds of graphite blocks delay billions of neutrons for the controlled nuclear chain reaction.
06:29The 211 control rods can be used to increase or decrease reactor power.
06:35Its small-scale design makes the RBMK difficult to control.
06:39There are numerous serious incidents, all of which remain top secret.
06:44This secretization was the typical point of the nuclear industry,
06:49that every operation is divided into parts, which are isolated from each other,
06:55so that every worker knows what he does himself, but never what the neighbor's working group does.
07:05Even after more severe reactor accidents, such as in Leningrad in 1975,
07:12or in Chernobyl on Unit 1 in 1982, there is no exchange of information.
07:20Es gab halt sehr, sehr stark kontrollierte Informationsflüsse und das führte eben dazu,
07:25dass Informationen dann in der zivilen Kernenergiewirtschaft nicht da landeten,
07:30wo sie eigentlich hätten landen sollen.
07:37Wenn man zum Beispiel eine Störfall-Erfahrung im RBMK in Leningrad macht,
07:43dann wäre es sinnvoll gewesen, dass man die Daten, dass man die den anderen Anlagen zur Verfügung stellt,
07:50um zu checken, ob so ein Störfall vielleicht woanders auch passieren könnte.
07:54Und genau diese Art von Wissensweitergabe gab es in der Sowjetunion nicht.
08:04At this console, at 5 minutes past midnight on April 26, 1986,
08:12Leonid Toptunov begins to reduce the power of the reactor to 700 megawatts.
08:18This is the target value for the safety test.
08:22Under his guidance are the 211 control rods in the reactor.
08:29The control rods are made of boron carbide, a neutron interceptor.
08:38The rods are lowered into the reactor to slow down the atomic activity.
08:46Man musste sehr viele Steuerstäbe, die in sehr vielen verschiedenen Untergruppierungen angeordnet waren,
08:54die wiederum unterschiedliche Funktionen hatten und auch unterschiedliche Stabwirksamkeiten hatten,
08:59die musste man da halt per Hand auch sehr, sehr häufig per Hand bedienen.
09:04Das war wirklich so, dass so ein Reaktorfahrerjob bedeutete, acht Stunden lang da ständig das Klavier zu bedienen, sozusagen,
09:10wie auch die dann oft so scherzhaft gesagt haben.
09:13Also man fühlte sich wie ein Pianist oft, dass man also ständig Regeleingriffe machen musste.
09:19The aim is to keep the power in the reactor uniform.
09:24Toptunov can track the position of the 211 control rods on countless instruments.
09:30But what he cannot see is where and at what power level there is nuclear activity in the huge reactor.
09:42Nuclear reactors are designed to operate at one level and forever.
09:47I mean, for, you know, as long as their fuel lasts and then they get shut down.
09:51Start up and shut down are critical phases, always, in any reactor.
09:56So that was a critical phase.
10:00As Toptunov approaches the target of 700 megawatts, the reactor's output suddenly plummets.
10:10Toptunov tries to stabilize the reactor again manually.
10:15He does not succeed.
10:17The output drops further, to just 30 megawatts.
10:21The reactor is virtually cold.
10:27It is 38 minutes past midnight.
10:31An alarm sounds in the control room, but the crew is not worried.
10:36The uncontrolled drop in reactor power is nothing unusual for the nuclear technicians.
10:54Toptunov is very manifest.
11:01Toptunov can be used to be used as power power.
11:07Toptunov can be used as power power.
11:12Para a reação de reduzir a мощidade, que é diferente do que está no programa, se falar sobre a segurança,
11:21não significava.
11:22Estes regimes foram dispostos durante o tempo, com a documentação de exploitação.
11:29O teste que o jovem time está conduzindo é supervisado por Anatoly Dyatlov, o deputado de engenheiro do Núcleo de
11:37Power Plant.
11:39O deputado de engenheiro do Núcleo de engenhar o poder de engenhar, até o tempo de testagem de 700 MW.
12:09Toptunov finalmente relents.
12:11Ele é o menos-raigado trabalhador do controle, e Dyatlov é o seu superior.
12:18Dyatlov foi um destino, descoberto, descoberto, descoberto.
12:25Ele se preocupou.
12:30Mas ele foi muito descoberto em sua situação.
12:36Es gaben Möglichkeiten, unsinnige Befele, die es gab, tatsächlich zu unterlaufen.
12:42Aber in diesem Falle hatte man es mit einem Vorgesetzten zu tun, der autoritär war, den man aber als kompetent
12:47anerkannte.
12:48Also, dessen Entscheidungen man auch nicht infrage stellte.
12:52Und dieser Vorgesetzte hat nicht Abbruch signalisiert und hat auch die Beteiligten nur noch angetrieben.
12:58Sie sollten hier mal ein bisschen schneller machen.
13:01Toptunov is under time pressure.
13:03To reignite the nuclear chain reaction, he pulls the control rods out of the reactor core.
13:10But the power barely increases.
13:12The reactor is contaminated with xenon-135.
13:17Xenon is a neutron poison that is produced during nuclear fission.
13:23At high power, it burns up.
13:25At low power, like now, it does not.
13:30Only after 25 minutes, when Toptunov has pulled nearly all control rods out of the reactor, is 200 megawatts reached.
13:39It is 1.03 a.m.
13:42Dyatlov now decides to carry out the safety test.
13:45Toptunov stabilizes the reactor at about 200 megawatts, far from the planned 700 megawatts.
13:56This is the culture of deadline, right?
14:02Because that's how you are punished and how you are awarded in the Soviet system.
14:08The key thing is to do that on time and report about that.
14:14And you do whatever it takes to get there.
14:18This is a very, very Soviet feature.
14:23In one hour, 23 minutes, 0.4 seconds,
14:30the experiment began to be released from the turbo generator.
14:52In the following 36 seconds, the crew performs the test.
14:57They disconnect the external power supply.
15:01The emergency power generator switches on.
15:05The generator takes over the control of the reactor and the cooling circuit.
15:1136 seconds after the test begins, the emergency generator supplies power to the reactor.
15:18The test is a success.
15:28What the team doesn't know for certain is the status of the reactor.
15:34It has been running at low power for one and a half hours.
15:38In this state, it is particularly difficult to control.
15:43That's due to the measurement system.
15:47In normal operation at full power, it measures in 12 zones of the reactor and works reliably.
15:55But at low power, as now, the RBMK only measures in 6 zones.
16:02Less power means less information,
16:05and the measurements regarding the atomic activity in the reactor become inaccurate.
16:12In addition, the mainframe computer calculations often take 20 to 30 minutes.
16:21Real-time data from inside the reactor is not available to the team.
16:35And that's one of the factors, why this whole team was basically unconsciously and blind in this accident.
16:44Because they were not aware of what the danger they were living and what the danger of the reactor was
16:50already living.
16:54Unnoticed by the crew,
16:55The nuclear activity rises sharply, especially in the lower half of the reactor.
17:01Nearly all the control rods had been pulled.
17:05The reactor is de facto left to its own devices.
17:13Not suspecting anything,
17:15Toptenov presses AZ-5,
17:17the full shutdown button for scheduled maintenance.
17:20The reactor quickly shuts down.
17:24The seconds that follow lead to disaster.
17:31The 211 control rods now enter the reactor to actually stifle the nuclear chain reaction.
17:40But the graphite at the control rod tips can even ignite the nuclear chain reaction briefly.
17:46This is exactly what is happening now.
17:49The reactor is a fatal effect that only exists in the RBMK.
18:15The so-called positive void effect.
18:18More vapor bubbles lead to more neutrons.
18:22This means more nuclear fission.
18:24More power.
18:25More heat.
18:26And again, more steam.
18:28Within fractions of a second, the power increases exponentially.
18:33The reactor becomes almost as hot as the surface of the sun, about 3500 degrees.
18:39The nuclear chain reaction in Unit 4 veers out of control.
18:43Then you can't do anything.
18:45You can't do anything.
18:47You can't do anything.
18:49With nuclear energy we deal really with the nuclear roulette.
18:57We are really gambling.
18:59Because we are dealing with new technologies and it's imperfect like any other creation of a human mind.
19:15At 1.23 and 49 seconds, the reactor explodes.
19:22We are ready for the entire operation.
19:48Clear without loss.
19:50Even when the small part of a wartime economy is a solution.
19:51This was of hope for the nuclear-based employee.
19:51é o meu sentimento,
19:53é o meu sentimento de base,
19:55que é o que a base de base de base de base de base.
19:56É um extremo escondido,
20:00de base de base de base.
20:02Depois, logo depois disso,
20:05a ventilação na bloca de base de base
20:07desfile de base,
20:11como um tomão, vamos dizer assim.
20:183 segundos depois, uma segunda explosão oculta.
20:42Eles não entendiam o que acontece, apenas assim como eu, não acreditaram em seus olhos.
21:12Mas nunca aqui, isso nunca pode acontecer na União Soviética.
21:17O poder falha durante toda a unidade.
21:22Stoichuk vai para a sala de controle de emergência com o Supervisor Akimov.
21:42Foi muito escutado.
21:44Malinovou, algo assim, muito subterrâneo.
21:47Mas nós percebemos, que a zona não tem.
21:52Tudo aberto.
21:53E o tipo de malinovou色 foi a reação.
22:05e a luz de aspiração.
22:08Eu percebi que o reação permaneceu em pras 5-10 minutos.
22:13Quando eu cegpor no prorro, eu percebi que o reação permaneceu em pras.
22:19Eu pensei, que o quê?
22:21O 26 anos, não é?
22:22Parece que tudo isso aconteceu, exatamente assim.
22:52A cidade construiu especialmente para o núcleo de Chernobyl.
22:56É 1.30 am. A cidade está dormindo.
23:00Ninguém percebeu o desastre.
23:02A cidade's chief architect, Maria Protzenko, ainda está awake.
23:27Ela criou a garota, e depois eles chamaram a garota em nome de Maria.
23:36Maria Protzenko deve chamar a mãe de amigo para transmitir as alegrias notícias de seu primeiro filho.
23:42A mãe vive longe, em Kazajstán.
23:45Mas a conexão operacional de telefone é demorada por horas.
23:51Depois, 2 horas da noite, o meu irmão me diz,
23:54ele diz, ele diz, ele vai lá para ir lá, para ir para dormir.
24:00Eu diz, agora.
24:02Foi noite, mas já era, acho que era, acho que, 26 horas.
24:05Música
24:07Música
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26:36como assim, não há nada.
26:38E aí começou o sentimento de medo,
26:44que já era o fim.
26:46Se Deus derrubou.
26:48Foi o dia 26 de outubro,
26:51talvez, às 14h45,
26:53no dia de noite.
27:193 quilômetros de hospital,
27:22a nuclear inferno.
27:24The reactor building of Unit 4 has been torn apart,
27:28the roof destroyed.
27:30Fires blaze on the roof of the neighboring turbine hall,
27:34where the turbines and generators are located.
27:39Peter Kmel from the City Fire Brigade
27:42is one of the first to arrive on the scene.
28:00When I arrived, I got an indication that I was going to go to the roof of the hall,
28:06so I turned my attention to the roof of the hall.
28:12I turned my attention to the roof of the hall.
28:15The roof was lit.
28:25I thought the roof was blown away.
28:29Uma espécie de água, um arrastado, um arrastado, com a roupa.
28:41Lying all around the firefighting team
28:43é um material de materiais de reação,
28:46radioactivo de grafite e uranio.
28:51E aí, eu me lembro, um pouco de grafite.
28:56Não, não, não.
28:56Nós não conhecemos, o que se rachüra.
28:58Agora, depois de coletiva, os gatos começaram a se sentir.
29:09Então, de uma defesa, de uma tostada.
29:13Eu disse, quem não for, deixem-se de cá na leste.
29:26O Fundo de Fundo de Fundo de Fundo de Fundo de Fundo de Fundo de Fundo de Fundo de Fundo
29:31de Fundo de Fundo.
29:34Os homens e as mulheres da Fundo de Fundo de Fundo de Fundo de Fundo de Fundo de Fundo de
29:37Fundo de Fundo de Fundo de Fundo de Fundo de Fundo.
29:41Das waren wirklich Heldentaten, was die da gemacht haben, denn das ist ihnen gelungen.
29:44Sie haben es tatsächlich geschafft, die havarierte Anlage von den anderen Blöcken einigermaßen zu isolieren.
29:51Und das ist nur geschehen, weil sich Leute da ungeheuren Strahlenmengen ausgesetzt haben und dafür haben die mit dem Leben
30:00bezahlt.
30:04By this time, the Soviet Secret Service KGB has already cut telephone lines in the city, except for the secret
30:12lines of the nuclear industry.
30:17Sergei Parashin is party leader of the nuclear power plant.
30:22He represents the Communist Party and is as powerful as the director of Chernobyl.
30:51Around 2 a.m. the power plant management gathers in the facility's bunker.
30:56About 1 km away from the accident site, the bunker is located under the administration building, shielded by thick steel
31:06doors, intended in case of a nuclear conflict.
31:10The secret telephone line to Moscow is in place.
31:14A there from the fire building, which is our focus, when they have its personal responsibility for this huge matter,
31:30became shocked.
31:31In such a shock condition, it's hard to work.
31:37Man, man is not adequate, was he even aggressive.
31:40Man, man is not adequate.
31:40Man was not adequate.
31:40And they were not adequate, in some sense.
31:42Man is coming, man is not adequate.
31:45Ninguém no bunker pode acreditar, que o Reaktor não existe mais.
31:49É claro que o medo de ter muito tempo e talvez seja tão dramático para Moscou, o que só pode
31:59causar um risco.
32:00Isso foi o usual, geralmente na União Soviética e em todos os municípios, a tatação de abastecimento.
32:19isso não é possível.
32:22O sistema de controle de valves foi destruído.
32:26Lêonid Toptunov é chamada para abrir os valves por mão.
32:30Ele deixou o controle de controle de radiación.
32:50Lêonid Toptunov sets off with his shift supervisor.
32:54To the emergency valves in the catacombs of the reactor.
32:58It is dark. The power has failed.
33:01With great difficulty, they managed to open one valve after the other,
33:05but to no avail.
33:07After an inspection round, Deputy Chief Engineer Anatoly Dyatlov
33:12returns to the control room.
33:14He was also in the turbine hall.
33:21When he returned, when he was on the block,
33:28there was a complete loss of power.
33:32It was, evident, both in the physical state,
33:37as well as in the moral state.
33:43Lêonid Toptunov came back.
33:47Lêonid Toptunov came back.
33:48Lêonid, наверное, around 4-5.
33:51Lêonid, não lembro.
33:53Lêonid.
33:56Lêonid.
33:59Lêonid.
34:02Lêonid.
34:03Lêonid.
34:04Lêonid.
34:05Lêonid.
34:06Lêonid.
34:12Lêonid.
34:13Lêonid.
34:17Lêonid.
34:20Lêonid.
34:22Lêonid.
34:28Lêonid.
34:29Lêonid.
34:30Lêonid.
34:31Lêonid.
34:32Lêonid.
34:34Lêonid.
34:35Lêonid.
34:35Lêonid.
34:36Lêonid.
34:39Quando um dos dousimetristas me disse que era um nível de radiação, eu não acreditei.
34:48O nível de radiação era muito alto.
34:50Ele se estressou com a transmissão.
34:54E não era tão claro, por que ele era um estresse. Ele era um estresse.
34:58Os níveis de radiação, que eles mesuravam em todo lugar,
35:04todos os seus equipamentos eram constantemente maxed-out.
35:11Eles não tinham instrumentos para mesurá-los de radiação,
35:18que eles eram operando em.
35:22O invisível radioátero emissões começam a ter effect.
35:27Os menos inhalam particles de alfa-radiagem.
35:31E atacam os céus.
35:36E o digestivo sistema.
35:42Beta-radiagem burns a pele.
35:54Em cerca de 5 a.m., a gestão de power plant management
35:58ordena o deputado de engenheiro, Anatoly Dyatlov,
36:02para o bairro de 100 metros longe.
36:04.
36:08Ninguém vai informar o que ele era diretor.
36:18Mas o diretor estava me desculpando.
36:22O que era o seu diretor, eu não podia.
36:31Eles me enviaram para a ambulância hospital e me enviaram para o hospital.
36:46No bunker, ainda há confusão sobre o nível de destruição de Unit 4.
36:53Mesmo horas depois da explosão,
36:56a gestão de plantas ainda não tenta pensar o inestimável,
37:01para abordar os perigosos e ativar as consequências.
37:08Imagine, que o reato foi destruído, era impossível.
37:12E essa ideia surgiu rapidamente.
37:18Acho que, em 4 ou 5 horas,
37:23começou a perceber, que o reato foi destruído.
37:26E começou a perceber, que o reato foi destruído.
37:30Do ano, eram diferentes pensamentos.
37:33Então, nós no lugar de pensar em qualquer tipo de reato,
37:38mas ninguém não conseguiu imaginar, que o reato foi destruído.
37:43Reato foi destruído.
37:45Isso foi o primeiro tempo no mundo.
37:48Então, em consciência isso não colocou.
38:06Então, emigtenosto, é difícil de desci另iriaや ок眩i.
38:10A visão doíso de desci�� de desci для depoimento.
38:11Porque você explodiu o mundo.
38:14Você denia de isso, sabe?
38:16Você tenta fazer o que você quer.
38:20And once you already overcame your state of denial,
38:28going and telling your bosses that that's what happened on my watch,
38:35the responsibility in terms of career, in terms of your future freedom,
38:40political responsibility when you get to the upper, upper level.
38:45So there are at least three levels that stay between you and the word reactor is gone.
39:01The hospital in Pripyat is filling up with the injured from the nuclear power plant.
39:07Alexander Bugar's first patient is turbine worker Vladimir Shashenok from Unit 4.
39:23He was in a tough state.
39:25He was practically without consciousness, he was completely burned.
39:28The injuries were already radiated, because it was a radiated water.
39:35And we were able to remove the wounds, put them in the venesets, so that they could spill.
39:47Se você pôs a água, um pouco de um litro,
39:49ou seja, então você vai rir.
39:52Depois o pai nos levou um cílido de molho.
39:58Dizem que não tinha osso do seu sangue.
40:01Então com o cílido de molho,
40:05mas que puder, pular, não se suficiente.
40:10Porque o seu corpo já foi arranjado.
40:16Naquela noite, eu acho que há uns 50 anos.
40:21Ninguém falou sobre os doses, porque não sabíamos,
40:24porque não sabíamos, o que aconteceu lá.
40:29Ninguém falou sobre isso.
40:30Só que nós vimos a manifestação de luchada.
40:33Isso foi o suficiente.
40:36O que nós vimos, o que nós vimos, a dor, a dor,
40:39um trauma, a dor, um daquita, um dos reagentes.
40:46Dr. Bugar cannot save turban worker Shashanok.
40:49Ele mora em primeiras horas.
40:52Rumores começam a circularem em Pripyat,
40:55a cidade perto da planta de energia.
40:58Em manhã, Pripyat's chief architect Maria Protzenko
41:03conversa com seus companheiros.
41:36It is the morning of April 26, 1986.
41:41Outside Chernobyl,
41:43people are at the start of a sunny April weekend,
41:46not suspecting anything.
41:50And they will not know what happened in Chernobyl
41:53for a long time.
42:00One thousand kilometers from Chernobyl,
42:04nuclear engineer Nikolai Steinberg
42:06begins his shift at a nuclear power plant
42:08in the Russian Soviet Republic.
42:12Steinberg is a Chernobyl first responder,
42:15having helped build Chernobyl.
42:17He begins the day with a morning telephone briefing,
42:21actually routine.
42:22Then he hears the disturbing news.
42:52There is a fire.
42:54There is data, that two people killed.
42:56And they are permitted to call.
43:01We have to call on other electric stations.
43:05And all of them confirm that
43:09the details are closed.
43:11And there is no information.
43:26about the same time,
43:28at eight in the morning on April 26, 1986,
43:32nuclear engineer Alexey Breos is riding a bus
43:35to his workplace at Unit 4
43:36at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant.
43:39in the plane.
43:45Someone hit on a bus,
43:47nothing with the block.
43:48And he turned the head
43:49and saw that the upper part of the block
43:51had no place.
43:53It is the moment when I remember
43:54everything of my life
43:55when my hair was as low.
43:58I feel like their hair was turning to it.
43:59It was a very powerful emotion.
44:03Mas tudo isso, Alexi Breus vai cumprir seu cargo hoje.
44:32Eu pensava que era, talvez, um esforço de betona,
44:36com asfixas de betona, desfixam, desfixam de fogo ou mais alguma coisa.
44:41Mas eu não acredito que era o esforço de reacção.
44:45Muitos de emprego de Núcleo de Power Plant começam a mudar sua mudança
44:49o primeiro dia depois do desastro de Chernobyl.
45:07E por causa dos filhos, lembra, lembra, lembra, lembra, lembra, lembra.
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