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Este é o relato definitivo da história do Apartheid na África do Sul e de como seu legado ainda afeta o país nos dias de hoje. Para avançar, o país precisa confrontar seu passado sombrio. Através de histórias comoventes e pessoais de vítimas e imagens inéditas, este documentário lança luz sobre os segredos que permaneceram ocultos por décadas. O que realmente aconteceu? Quem foi o responsável? E por que eles não foram responsabilizados?
Desvendamos diversos eventos históricos cruciais para compreender o sistema do Apartheid sob ambas as perspectivas e acompanhamos três casos judiciais emblemáticos, ouvindo tanto as vítimas quanto os assassinos.
Desvendamos diversos eventos históricos cruciais para compreender o sistema do Apartheid sob ambas as perspectivas e acompanhamos três casos judiciais emblemáticos, ouvindo tanto as vítimas quanto os assassinos.
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AprendizadoTranscrição
00:01Transcrição e Legendas por Quintena Coelho
00:30Legendas por Quintena Coelho
01:00Legendas por Quintena Coelho
01:03Legendas por Quintena Coelho
01:20Com o Nelson Mandela a tornar-se o primeiro presidente negro da África do Sul e com a criação de
01:26uma Comissão da Verdade e Reconciliação, o mundo foi informado de que os horrores do Apartheid ficariam para sempre relegados
01:33ao passado.
01:34Mas hoje, passados 30 anos, as feridas não cicatrizaram. Os perpetradores continuam a guardar os seus segredos.
01:53E as vítimas continuam à procura da verdade e da justiça.
02:04As pessoas que estiveram pessoalmente envolvidas contam agora as suas histórias e mostram a verdadeira face do Apartheid.
02:11There are so many unanswered questions.
02:15We can't move forward as a country if we don't know everything that happened under Apartheid.
02:35Discrimination had always existed in South Africa. Whatever white group was in power.
02:40But the nationalists now institutionalized it, depriving non-whites of any expectation of ever achieving equality with whites.
02:48A partir de 1950, o governo branco da África do Sul classificou todos os cidadãos em grupos populacionais raciais.
02:56Brancos, indianos, mestiços e negros.
03:00Sob o regime do Apartheid, o local onde se podia viver, trabalhar e casar, era determinado pela cor da pele.
03:18Apartheid, o local onde se podia viver, era determinado pela cor da pele.
03:35Apartheid, o local onde se não era.
03:39Apartheid, o local onde se podia viver, era determinado pela cor.
03:48Apartheid, o local onde se podia viver.
03:49Apartheid e eu lembro a primeira vez que eu vi uma mulher branca via uma cor da pele, não conseguia
03:51acertá-lo.
03:54Mas naquela época, nós somos white, somos privilégados, e eles são os buracos.
03:59Eles eram os comunistas.
04:01Oh, eles eram os que nós ouvimos muito.
04:03Eles eram os boas.
04:05O que eles chamavam?
04:07Os inimigos, coisas assim.
04:11Eu seria classificado como um não-white,
04:15ou um africano.
04:18Isso significava que nós não podíamos interagir.
04:22Bem, nós podíamos interagir
04:24no nível de um empreendedor,
04:26como um empreendedor,
04:27mas não como um empreendedor.
04:30Então, tudo foi segregado.
04:32Há área de pessoas,
04:33e área de pessoas negras.
04:37Era uma norma.
04:38Eu não sabia disso como criança.
04:41E, porque você é criança,
04:43você não sabe como é.
04:44É uma norma.
04:48Na apartheid, você começou muito consciente
04:52da cor da pele,
04:54e sua estatua na África do Sul.
04:57Nós nos chamamos de indianos.
04:58Vamos colocar isso assim.
05:00Nós fomos neblancas,
05:01não-europeenses.
05:03Há bancas.
05:04Você não podia sentar na bancas.
05:06Ou você não podia ir para um parque,
05:08que era para os homens.
05:10Para tomar um treinamento,
05:12na primeira classe era para os homens.
05:14Na segunda classe era para os homens,
05:16africanos, indianos e colores.
05:17Não-hãos eram os homens.
05:20Não-hãos eram os homens.
05:23Não-hãos eram os homens.
05:24Não-hãos eram os homens.
05:25Mas, se você viajar 15 minutos,
05:27você vai ver os homens
05:29os homens eram os homens.
05:36Eu sou a criança de apartheid.
05:39Nós vivemos em uma suburbia segregada.
05:43Os homens eram os homens.
05:45Os homens eram os homens.
05:47Nós tínhamos um trabalho doméstico,
05:50que eu conheço apenas como Grace.
05:54Eu me lembro que
05:56há algum incidente
05:58em que Grace disse
06:00à minha mãe,
06:02naquela época,
06:03você me tratou como um branco.
06:05E minha mãe firede ela.
06:07E foi a última vez que nós vimos a Grace.
06:12Eu come de uma casada.
06:13minha mãe foi colorida.
06:15E meu pai foi registrado
06:18como um indian.
06:20Nós, nós mesmos,
06:21realmente,
06:21tinha um flat
06:22no centro da cidade.
06:25E, eventualmente,
06:26o governo forceda
06:27nós nos movendo
06:28a suburbia
06:29que foi set up
06:30para os indianos.
06:33para os indianos.
06:35E, eventualmente,
06:36E, eventualmente,
06:37o movimento
06:37de pessoas,
06:38mas também
06:38sobre as redes sociais
06:39e a sensação
06:42dehumanização,
06:43realmente.
06:43para os indianos.
06:46Nós somos
06:47africanos negros.
06:49Nós
06:50estamos
06:51os maiores
06:52na hierarquia.
06:54meus pais
06:55foram mudados
06:57para uma cidade
06:58que construímos
06:58por motivos
06:59recentes.
07:01Nós vivemos
07:02muito,
07:03muito longe.
07:04Então,
07:04nós tivemos
07:05batalhar todos os dias
07:06para chegar de casa
07:08para trabalhar e voltar.
07:11Na vida muito
07:11muito early,
07:12nós fomos conscientes
07:13dessas injustiças
07:15e do fato
07:16de que uma tentativa
07:17de apoiar
07:18de volta
07:18seria
07:19com repressão.
07:22O sistema do Apartheid
07:24foi criado
07:24pela orgulhosa
07:25e combativa
07:25população africander,
07:27maioritariamente
07:28brancos
07:28de ascendência holandesa
07:29que tinham travado
07:30uma guerra sangrenta
07:31pela liberdade
07:32em relação
07:32ao Império Britânico.
07:34Nós vamos lutar
07:35pela nossa existência
07:37e nós vamos
07:38sobreviver.
07:44Sob a liderança
07:45de Henrik Verwurt,
07:46a África do Sul
07:47tornou-se
07:48uma república
07:48fora da Commonwealth.
07:50Isso fez dele
07:51uma figura heroica
07:52dentro da sua comunidade
07:53e da sua família.
07:55Meu pai
07:55era o Dr. H. F. Verwurt
07:57e ele foi
07:59Prime Minister
07:59de 1958
08:01a 1966.
08:03Ele cresceu
08:04com essa forte
08:05identificação
08:06com a cultura africana.
08:06a cultura.
08:08A história
08:08de um pequeno
08:10grupo
08:11de pessoas
08:11que lutaram
08:12contra o poder
08:13do britânico
08:13e como nós
08:15agora temos
08:16nossa liberdade,
08:17algo para ser orgulhoso.
08:19E também
08:19muito forte
08:20cultural
08:21organização,
08:21como o Bruderbund,
08:23que era um
08:23secretário
08:24secretário
08:25de pessoas
08:26em posições
08:26de poder
08:27para garantir
08:27que apenas
08:28aqueles que
08:29eram
08:30africanares
08:30que eram
08:52africanares
08:53que
08:53poderiam
08:53comprar
08:53terreno,
08:54terreno,
08:55terreno,
08:55terreno,
08:56terreno,
08:58terreno.
08:59e
08:59o
09:00o
09:00o
09:00o
09:00o
09:00do
09:01o
09:01o
09:01o
09:01o
09:01o
09:01o
09:01o
09:01o
09:01o
09:01o
09:02o
09:03o
09:03o
09:03o
09:03o
09:03o
09:03o
09:03o
09:03o
09:04o
09:04o
09:05Prime Minister Fervoort introduziu o Plan Transcai para os 10 milhões de nacionais.
09:10O governo desejou separar os negros e os negros,
09:14excepto os nacionais necessários como domésticos, porters,
09:17street cleaners e mine workers.
09:20Eu acho que meu pai era provavelmente o mais influenciado
09:24em termos de proporcionar uma ideia de ideologia.
09:27Ele era o arquiteto da apartheid.
09:30A polícia é uma que se chama, por um africano, a apartheid.
09:37E eu acho que isso é muito misturado.
09:40Ele veio com essa ideia de,
09:43ok, nós não queremos controlar e supressa a maioria dos africanos.
09:49Nós queremos dar cada grupo da sua casa.
10:11A oposição às políticas de Fervoort estava a ganhar força.
10:16Movimentos anti-apartheid, como o Congresso Nacional Africano, ANC,
10:20começaram a organizar protestos em todo o país.
10:24Em março de 1960, outro movimento de libertação,
10:29o Congresso Pan-Africano, PAC,
10:32organizou uma manifestação em massa na cidade de Sharpeville.
10:36Soanan Lapo cresceu a ouvir histórias sobre esse dia fatídico.
10:41O PAC foi uma partidão da ANC.
10:45Eles estavam mais orgulhados.
10:47Eles estavam mais desafiados para o sistema.
10:51Os dois dos meus grandmães estavam lá no dia de protesto.
10:55A demonstração foi contra os pastores,
10:58que fez isso difícil para eles funcionar como seres humanos.
11:01Porque você teria um documento que diz que você é permitido estar aqui.
11:07O que foi feito foi controlar seu movimento,
11:10para que você não encontre onde você não deveria estar.
11:14Se eu sair e ir ao lado da casa sem uma pessoa,
11:17e eu veni a ver um policial que estava entusiasmado com seu trabalho,
11:22eu vou, você sabe, estar em um policial.
11:25Ou seja, eu vou ser deputado para a casa.
11:28Eles só queriam essas leis que dizem que você belongs a nós
11:31e que nós devemos usar você efetivamente.
11:36Muitos se encontram fora da polícia policial
11:38em protesto contra a nova lei,
11:40que requeriam todos os africanos a passar a passar em todos os tempos.
11:44Minha mamãe disse que era um protesto peaceful.
11:49Uma coisa que fez eles ficaram lá
11:51era o fato de que nós não estamos lutando.
11:53Nós não estamos carregando armas.
11:56Nós estamos morando com essas pessoas que não gostam de passar
11:59porque eles nos opressam.
12:02Nós estamos vendo Israelite,
12:05meu filho da África.
12:07Nós estamos vendo eles,
12:09não carregando nenhum destino ou o que.
12:14Tem um grande jet,
12:16aeroplaneo,
12:17voando lá,
12:18tomando fotos.
12:20Nós estamos estando fora.
12:24quando eles vieram,
12:26eles disseram,
12:27eles disseram,
12:27vocês devem desistar,
12:28vocês devem ir para casa.
12:30Nós disseram para eles,
12:31não ir para casa.
12:33Nós dizemos,
12:33não ir para casa.
12:34Nós não temos a passar.
12:37Então,
12:38as pessoas que estavam estavam fazendo o que eles fizeram,
12:40eles fizeram,
12:42eles fizeram,
12:43Eles fizeram,
12:45eles fizeram,
12:45eles fizeram,
12:46eles fizeram com as estencas.
12:51Uma história que eu sempre ouviu,
12:53foi que a polícia panique,
12:56e eles continuam usando o excuse de Katomenah,
13:00que foi um riot que aconteceu,
13:01e a polícia foram morta lá.
13:04Então, em Chaville,
13:05eles estavam nervos,
13:06e eles começaram a pegar.
13:13Eles fizeram com a coragem.
13:15Eles fizeram com a coragem.
13:18Eles fizeram com a coragem.
13:21Eles fizeram com a coragem,
13:22e o resultado foi feito.
13:25Instante.
13:33Eles fizeram com a coragem.
13:34Nós vimos pessoas lá em casa.
13:35Eu vi alguém que estava lá em casa.
13:39Uns um coração,
13:42eles fizeram com ele.
13:47Ele foi o topo.
13:48Foi horrível.
13:51Eu vi cinco anos.
13:55Eu fui estudado para o que eu fui para o trabalho.
13:58Ele foi preso e para a morte agora.
13:59Não deixe muito de você.
14:01Eu não deixei nada.
14:04Eu falo assim.
14:06Eu falo assim.
14:07Eu falo assim.
14:10A gente não conseguiu fazer nada.
14:12Eu não estou com a família.
14:14Eu não estou com a família.
14:15Eu estou com 12 anos.
14:21Eu estou com a família.
14:24Eu estou com a família.
14:25Eu estava com a família.
14:27Eu não sou.
14:27Eu sou.
14:32Eu sou.
14:34Eu sou.
14:35Eu sou.
14:38Eu sou.
14:52Eu sou.
14:55as pessoas que estão me ajudando.
14:56Eu não acredito que eles não vão ser tão capazes de fazer isso.
15:02Eu não gosto de fazer isso.
15:10Eu não acho que eu não tenho nada mais de mais.
15:13Eu não acredito que eu tenho que fazer isso aí.
15:18Eu não sei.
15:19Eu não sei.
15:20Eu não sei.
15:21Eu não sei.
15:38Até agora, o que eu me lembro de esses dias é difícil para mim.
15:47Eu tenho um problema quando você fala sobre o 1960.
16:08A polícia do Apartheid comunicou que 69 pessoas morreram, mas os residentes de Sharpeville
16:15afirmam que um número muito superior nunca chegou a regressar a casa depois do massacre.
16:19A polícia do Apartheid comunicou que, quando eles começaram a reportar os números, eles continuaram
16:24de dizer que 20 pessoas morreram, 50 pessoas. Eles continuaram de mudar e mudar até que eles
16:29se tornaram em 69.
16:49A polícia do Apartheid comunicou que o Apartheid comunicou que o Apartheid comunicou.
17:17E você disse que nesta caixa é sua mãe.
17:23Ninguém viu os corpos da última vez como as pessoas africanas.
17:29E a polícia.
17:34A polícia do Apartheid comunicou que o Apartheid comunicou que o Apartheid comunicou que o Apartheid
17:50era para que os homens eram famosos.
17:54There was way more.
17:57These are the questions that we're asking ourselves now.
18:01The true story of Sharpeville must be told.
18:09The tragedy at Sharpeville shattered South Africa's confidence
18:12and brought upon the nation the wrath of international opinion.
18:16Sharpeville mostrou ao mundo os horrores do apartheid.
18:20Mas enquanto a comunidade internacional condenava o massacre,
18:22o Primeiro-Ministro Fervor elogiava as ações da polícia.
18:52He was held on his lap in a kind of maternal pose,
18:55which is not the image you expect of him.
18:58What I saw in the diary of my grandmother,
19:00they were very much in support of this idea of clamping down, stopping.
19:05Like, don't allow anything to spiral out of control.
19:08They supported the behaviour of the police and the military,
19:12including at Sharpeville.
19:15At Sharpeville, police fired into a crowd of unarmed demonstrators,
19:19killing 69, including women and children.
19:23I was 12 years old when it happened.
19:25We heard it on the radio.
19:27My three brothers shared a room.
19:29We all listened to it together while we were there.
19:33I mean, this is the first time in my life
19:36that people demonstrating peacefully were shot and killed,
19:41just because of the cannabial skin.
19:45I was upset.
19:46I was upset.
19:49I think Sharpeville was a watershed woman
19:53because it became very apparent
19:54that there was no way that through peaceful means,
19:59through dialogue,
20:00with the apartheid regime,
20:03that we would get our freedom.
20:05Nelson Mandela, destacado membro do ANC,
20:08escreveu uma carta ao Primeiro-Ministro Ferwer
20:11pedindo-lhe que pusesse fim aos ataques brutais
20:13e que concedesse os mesmos direitos a todos os sul-africanos.
20:21The content clearly was not taken seriously.
20:29Even if it was read,
20:31it was seen as not something that my grandfather wanted to respond to
20:34because they knew that if they actually were to
20:37hand over power
20:39or give everybody equal say,
20:41then the future can't be controlled
20:43and that they needed to do as much as possible
20:46to protect the interests of the Afrikaners.
20:48In Europe, you could get peace
20:50only by separating the nations.
20:54In South Africa,
20:55you can only achieve peace
20:56by separating the nations.
21:00Imagine
21:00if my grandfather
21:02was more open
21:03and had a willingness to listen
21:05how much pain and suffering
21:07we could have prevented.
21:09The ANC
21:11was always
21:12a non-violent organization.
21:16It always believed
21:17that through non-violent struggle
21:19we'll be able
21:21to achieve freedom
21:22in South Africa.
21:23So the decision
21:24for armed struggle
21:25was not taken lightly.
21:27But there was no other way out.
21:30There are many people
21:32who feel
21:32that it is useless
21:34and futile
21:34for us to continue
21:36talking peace
21:37and non-violence
21:38against a government
21:39whose reply
21:40is only savage attacks
21:42on an unarmed
21:44and defenseless people.
21:45And I think
21:46the time has come
21:47for us to consider
21:48in the light
21:49of our experiences
21:50whether the methods
21:52which we have applied
21:53so far
21:54are adequate.
21:57anybody who was
21:58a serious critic
21:59of the system
22:02were silenced
22:03or marginalised.
22:04I mean the ANC leaders
22:05were put in prison
22:05and were on Robben Island.
22:07The Communist Party
22:08was banned.
22:09They were very good
22:10at suppressing opposition.
22:16A remarkable demonstration
22:18by a crowd
22:18of several hundred
22:19outside the courthouse
22:21in Pretoria.
22:22Nelson Mandela
22:23was accused
22:24with the others
22:25of plotting sabotage
22:26to overthrow
22:27the South African government
22:28by force.
22:29The verdict of guilty
22:30was not altogether surprising.
22:32At the back entrance
22:33large crowds gather
22:34to watch the accused
22:36being driven away
22:37to start their
22:38life sentences.
22:40We always have
22:41the radio on
22:42and that's where
22:44we heard the sentence
22:46that was meted out
22:48to the Devonia trialers
22:49and we were relieved
22:51that it was not
22:52a death sentence
22:53it was a life sentence.
22:55As long as there is
22:56life there is hope.
23:01I became very conscious
23:03that life cannot continue
23:05the way that we were living.
23:08we had to take up arms
23:10to fight against
23:11the apartheid regime.
23:13Em 1961, Nelson Mandela
23:15fundou o Omkonto
23:16Oasiswe, conhecido como
23:18MK, a ala militar
23:20do ANC, para organizar
23:22a luta armada
23:23contra o governo
23:24do apartheid.
23:25Os seus membros
23:26foram enviados
23:27para o estrangeiro
23:28a fim de se prepararem
23:29para atividades clandestinas.
23:30My brother Ahmed,
23:32who was eight years older than me,
23:35had already left
23:35and even to London
23:37for military training
23:38in the resistance movement.
23:41Ahmed was a very
23:42lovable person.
23:44Empathy for the poor.
23:46Not a tough guy
23:47or anything,
23:48but a brave person.
23:51And Ahmed always felt
23:52that I was a naughty guy
23:53at home
23:54and always get into trouble.
23:55So he called me over
23:56to London.
23:58I trained for about
24:00one month.
24:01He was one of the
24:02founding members of MK,
24:03who was an explosive
24:04expert.
24:06and he gave me training
24:07in manufacturing
24:09on leaflet bombs.
24:12When this explosion
24:13goes up,
24:14these leaflets
24:15were all flying in the air
24:18and you'll get spread
24:19all over the shore.
24:21I was trained for that
24:23before my departure
24:24back to South Africa.
24:31The increase
24:32of the military
24:33armed activities
24:33of MK
24:33resulted in
24:34measures
24:35more brutal and
24:36extreme
24:36by the security forces.
24:38The police received
24:39instructions
24:40to reprimir
24:41any way
24:41of resistance.
24:42of resistance here.
24:48My father was a policeman
24:49back then.
24:50He was a total racist.
24:52Totally racist.
24:54I remember when
24:55my dad was walking
24:57there,
24:57my brother was walking
24:58there and I was
24:58walking behind him
24:59and my dad would kick
25:02the black people
25:03against their ankles.
25:05He would just kick them.
25:06I mean,
25:06it was like,
25:07get out of my way.
25:08What are you doing here?
25:09I felt so embarrassed.
25:11It was so cruel.
25:14I challenged him.
25:15I said,
25:16but why?
25:17Why are you so cruel?
25:19And then he would say,
25:20it's none of your business.
25:22Go to your room.
25:23I'm not talking to you.
25:25And then maybe
25:26he would add a hiding
25:29just to show me
25:30you won't ask
25:32that question again.
25:33You know,
25:33they were sometimes
25:35blood involved
25:36in these hidings
25:37on my legs
25:37and whatnot.
25:39He was grossly
25:41aggressive sometimes,
25:42very self-centered.
25:46As a policeman,
25:47I think,
25:47he lived out
25:48that aggression.
25:50The apartheid era,
25:52they lived it out.
25:55That was some kind
25:57of a game
25:57to them,
25:58I think.
26:01We saw
26:02newspaper clippings.
26:04My brother showed me
26:06them.
26:06And then I thought,
26:07what is going on?
26:09We only know
26:10that my father
26:11was in trouble
26:12about this man
26:13that jumped
26:14from a window.
26:15And it was hush-hush.
26:17My father never
26:18talked about this
26:19stuff in front of us.
26:20Never.
26:23It was a very difficult period.
26:26The apartheid regime
26:27was becoming
26:28more and more brutal,
26:29particularly towards
26:30political activists.
26:33I went to Europe,
26:34I came back
26:34to this little flat,
26:35small flat
26:36in Johannesburg,
26:37back to apartheid,
26:38together.
26:39With my brother Ahmed,
26:41we would be involved
26:42in campaigns
26:43against the apartheid regime.
26:47lifted bomb explosion
26:48was one of the things
26:49that we would be doing.
26:51Right?
26:51And they have to see
26:52how far we can go.
26:55Well, Ahmed Timur
26:56was a teacher
26:57who was also a member
26:59of the Communist Party.
27:02And my father
27:03knew him quite well.
27:04He played quite an important role
27:07in mobilizing communities
27:09and students as well.
27:13He was in a vehicle
27:15with a colleague of his
27:17and they were stopped
27:19by the police.
27:21And the police found
27:23all these documents,
27:24pamphlets and stuff like that.
27:28Enquanto Ahmed Timur
27:29era levado para interrogatório,
27:31a polícia de segurança
27:32invadiu as casas
27:34de pessoas ligadas a ele.
27:35Yasmin Sukha
27:36testemunhou-o em criança.
27:38On the night
27:39that Ahmed Timur
27:40was arrested,
27:43my father,
27:45his name
27:45was on this list
27:46of people
27:47that Ahmed
27:48was sending material to.
27:52I remember
27:53that morning
27:54there were these
27:55big, pearly
27:55security personnel.
27:58They said,
27:59we're going to search
28:00your house
28:01for subversive literature.
28:03And they left
28:04the house
28:05in turmoil.
28:08What shocked me
28:09the most
28:09was that
28:10my father
28:11that I'd always
28:12thought
28:12was an incredibly
28:13courageous man,
28:15he was reduced
28:15to nothing.
28:17And that's what
28:18I think I realized,
28:19this enormous power
28:20that white people had.
28:25I was still sleeping
28:26at about 8 o'clock
28:27when I was surrounded
28:28by six policemen,
28:30secret policemen.
28:31And I was arrested
28:33and taken to the offices.
28:37So the interrogation
28:38started.
28:40I said,
28:40no,
28:40I didn't get anything.
28:42I resisted
28:43as long as I could resist.
28:46I was made to stand
28:47on a brick
28:49given to
28:52telephone directories
28:53which are heavy
28:54up in the air.
28:55And when you relax,
28:57you punch,
28:57you knock down,
28:58made you stand again.
29:02You're not concerned
29:03about anything.
29:04You're concerned
29:04about your survival.
29:06And how long
29:07can't you
29:08take this torture?
29:12So this one
29:13good guy came in
29:14and he said,
29:15Mohammed,
29:15we've got bad news
29:16for you.
29:17I'm taken back.
29:18Your brother's dead.
29:20They said he was
29:21in the custody
29:22of the security branch
29:23and he jumped
29:24and committed suicide.
29:27It has shocked me,
29:29but do I believe them?
29:30Obviously,
29:31I'm going to mistrust them.
29:34I'm taken back
29:35to the security police
29:37headquarters.
29:38As we drive in,
29:40a newspaper poster,
29:42you know,
29:43which is on the
29:43electric poles
29:44or whatever,
29:45the headline is
29:46death's plunge.
29:50And there's a
29:52possibility it's Ahmed.
29:57Apparently,
29:58I were busy
29:58with interrogations.
30:00This man,
30:01he was sitting
30:02in this room
30:02with the big windows
30:05and supposedly
30:07ran past my father
30:08and jumped out
30:09of the window
30:10and that's how
30:11he got killed.
30:13my question was always,
30:15what did my father
30:15do there?
30:17What was his role there?
30:19Why was he there
30:20in the first place?
30:22I thought he did
30:22something to the man.
30:28So I was released
30:30and when I got home,
30:32my mother said
30:34a uniformed policeman
30:36came to tell him
30:37that Ahmed had died.
30:40He said that he jumped.
30:42He committed suicide.
30:43That was the finding.
30:47My family was devastated.
30:49They didn't believe it.
30:54Ahmed Timur was said
30:56to have jumped
30:56from the 10th floor.
30:58From what we've heard,
31:00he was so badly tortured
31:01that there's absolutely
31:03no way
31:04he could have stood
31:05on that ledge
31:06and jumped
31:07from the 10th floor.
31:09His body was brought
31:11to the mosque
31:12in Johannesburg
31:13for washing
31:15of the body
31:15and a whole lot
31:17of people
31:18saw his body
31:19and the bruises
31:20and his face
31:21and his distorted eyes
31:23gruesome.
31:27It was a whole cover-up.
31:29They were so arrogant.
31:31They were so confident.
31:33Indians can't fly.
31:35That's why
31:35he fell to his death.
31:37So that was a joke
31:38among the security policemen
31:40all covering for each other.
31:44I never believed
31:45the statement.
31:46I never believed
31:47anything they said
31:48in the papers.
31:49Never.
31:50Because I know
31:50there was a big cover-up.
31:52I know
31:52they were protected.
31:56Right after I finished school,
31:57I left that house.
32:00Grabbed my bag,
32:02grabbed a few things
32:03and I just disappeared.
32:05never looked back.
32:14A nation comes to terms
32:16with itself,
32:17a people remembers its past,
32:19but this will not be a witch hunt.
32:22It's a chance for apartheids,
32:24less known victims
32:25to share their grief.
32:27Para lidar com o passado,
32:29foi criada em 1996
32:32uma Comissão de Verdade
32:33e Reconciliação
32:34sobre a liderança
32:35de Desmond Tutu.
32:36Esta ofereceu
32:37reconhecimento às vítimas
32:38e a ministria
32:39aos perpetradores
32:40que estivessem dispostos
32:41a prestar testemunho.
32:49O veredito de suicídio
32:51dado pelo regime do Apartheid
32:52no caso de Ahmed Timol
32:54manteve-se durante 25 anos.
32:56A sua família esperava agora
32:57finalmente conhecer a verdade
32:58sobre o que aconteceu.
32:59Minha mãe tinha que ser persuadida.
33:02Ela foi para a TLC
33:04e ela pôr o coração.
33:06Eu acho que foi
33:06a ser a palavra para ela.
33:09Ela pôr o coração.
33:11E o Tuto cria.
33:13É 25 anos agora
33:17e eu não vou esquecer
33:19o que aconteceu.
33:21E eu ainda preciso saber
33:23quem matou meu filho
33:26e como é possível
33:28que ele saia
33:30do chão do chão
33:31e causou o suicídio.
33:33Os perpetradores
33:34não foram vir à TLC.
33:37Nenhum deles
33:38que foram envolvidos
33:39foram testificados.
33:40Eles não foram vencer.
33:41não foram vir à TLC
33:42ou qualquer coisa.
33:43Houve um monte de eles.
33:46Absolutamente não remorso.
33:49Para grande alívio da família,
33:51quando a Comissão de Verdade
33:52e Reconciliação terminou,
33:53considerou haver razões suficientes
33:55para remeter o caso
33:56para a Procuradoria-Geral
33:57a fim de prosseguir a investigação.
34:00Os casos foram agora
34:01para a prosseguição.
34:02Eles foram investigados.
34:04Essa foi a recomendação
34:05do caso de Ahmed Timol
34:06e de muitos outros casos.
34:09Nada aconteceu.
34:12Absolutamente nada aconteceu.
34:15Não quero chamar-lhe de batalha,
34:17mas o Estado
34:18deveria ter feito mais.
34:20A advogada de Direitos Humanos,
34:23Yasmin Suka,
34:23foi uma das comissárias
34:24e ficou chocada
34:26por o caso ter sido ignorado
34:27durante tanto tempo.
34:29Isso não é só escandaloso,
34:30mas isso é uma violação
34:32das direitos das vítimas.
34:35Essas são as pessoas
34:36que estavam em trancas
34:37e que lutaram.
34:38Eles foram os que as famílias
34:40fizeram o último sacrifício.
34:46após anos de protestos,
34:47nós acreditamos
34:47que o regime de Apartheid
34:48matou o meu irmão,
34:49mas como chegarmos
34:50à verdade?
34:51Isso pode ser apenas
34:53através de um processo legal.
34:56Foi uma longa batalha.
34:59Eu acho que
35:00levou pelo menos
35:0112 a 15 anos.
35:10após anos de protestos
35:12e de recolha de provas,
35:13a família conseguiu finalmente
35:15convencer a Procuradoria-Geral
35:17a iniciar um inquérito.
35:19Isso foi um longo tempo
35:20e acho que em termos
35:23de combater a impunidade
35:24e de afastar a responsabilidade,
35:28isso é muito crítico
35:31juncture
35:31na história
35:32da Sua África.
35:34Mas havia um grande problema.
35:37Tinha um perpetuador
35:38sobreviver,
35:40o policial Rodrigues,
35:42mas o INPE
35:43acreditavam
35:43que não podiam encontrar
35:44o Jean Rodrigues
35:45para um indigno
35:47ser servido por ele.
35:49O Jair de Há-Cortes
35:51vai conduzir
35:52um segundo inquérito
35:53para a morte
35:54do ativista
35:55Ahmet Timol,
35:56mais de 45 anos
35:58depois da sua morte.
35:59A former Apartheid policeman,
36:01João Rodrigues,
36:02foi implicated
36:03em Timol's
36:041971
36:05torture.
36:06Rodrigues
36:07foi o último
36:08que ver
36:08Timol
36:09antes da sua morte.
36:10at the notorious
36:12John Foster
36:13police station
36:13as it was
36:14known
36:14at the time.
36:15A 1972
36:16inquest
36:17ruled
36:17that Timol
36:18had jumped
36:18to his den.
36:19I was busy
36:20in the kitchen
36:20and on television
36:22they said
36:23they couldn't
36:23find my father.
36:26I was shocked.
36:29I thought
36:29you had the guy.
36:31I mean
36:32how can you
36:33not know
36:33this guy?
36:35How can you
36:35not find him?
36:36It was like
36:37so obvious.
36:39and I said
36:39to my husband
36:40let's find out
36:42who's working
36:43on this guy.
36:45And we
36:45started posting
36:46and we
36:47sent emails
36:48to people
36:49and we
36:49sent it
36:50everywhere.
36:50What happened
36:51was
36:51they had
36:52a spelling
36:52of his name
36:53wrong.
36:54They had
36:55the
36:55Rodrigues
36:56was an
36:56Afrikaans
36:56spelling.
36:58Most people
36:58know him
36:59as Jan
36:59and his
37:01real name
37:01was
37:01Jao
37:02Rodriguez
37:03and
37:04they had
37:05the spelling
37:05so wrong
37:07in the
37:08newspapers
37:08the spelling
37:09was
37:09everywhere
37:10incorrect.
37:11Fast as I
37:12could
37:13I sent
37:13them
37:13the
37:14correct
37:14spelling.
37:16Nobody
37:17could trace
37:17where
37:18Rodriguez
37:18was
37:20but his
37:20daughter
37:21made contact
37:22with my
37:23nephew
37:24to say
37:25I know
37:25where
37:26Rodriguez
37:26is
37:26that's
37:27my
37:27father.
37:28She
37:28betrayed
37:29her
37:29own
37:29father.
37:30A
37:31very
37:31big
37:31thing
37:31to
37:31do.
37:33As
37:33informações
37:34da
37:34Tilana
37:35revelaram-se
37:35uma
37:35descoberta
37:36decisiva.
37:37A
37:37polícia
37:37conseguiu
37:38finalmente
37:38deter
37:39Rodriguez.
37:42You
37:42know
37:42that
37:43satisfaction
37:43to
37:43tell
37:44him
37:44this
37:44was
37:45just
37:46awesome.
37:46I
37:47just
37:47loved
37:47that.
37:50She
37:50was
37:51extremely
37:51brave
37:52and I
37:53think
37:53the fact
37:53that
37:53she
37:54was
37:54drawn
37:54into
37:55coming
37:56forward
37:56to
37:57say
37:57like
37:57you
37:57know
37:57this
37:58man's
37:58a
37:58monster
37:58but
37:59this
37:59is
37:59where
37:59he
38:00is.
38:00I
38:01think
38:01that
38:01was
38:02really
38:02brave
38:03because
38:03without
38:04it
38:04there
38:04would
38:04be
38:05no
38:05case
38:05and
38:06this
38:06is
38:06one
38:07of
38:07those
38:07first
38:07cases
38:08which
38:08was
38:08really
38:09important
38:09for
38:09South
38:10Africa.
38:14I've
38:14put it
38:15in a
38:15tattoo
38:16on my
38:16arm.
38:18My
38:18family
38:19will
38:19probably
38:19freak
38:20if
38:20they
38:20see
38:20me
38:20now.
38:21It
38:22says
38:22be
38:22brave
38:23and
38:23then
38:23the
38:24date.
38:32Mr Timorl's
38:33death
38:34the 27th of
38:35October
38:361971
38:38you were at
38:39John Foster
38:40Square.
38:40That's correct.
38:41To the left of
38:42Mr. Gloy.
38:43Yes.
38:44In front of Gloy
38:45on the opposite of the table
38:46were a man sitting.
38:48I don't know
38:49I didn't know at that time
38:50who he was.
38:52It was very traumatic
38:53to me
38:54I must say
38:55seeing him
38:56there in court
38:56he was just
38:57old man
38:58I thought
39:00you're so
39:00pathetic
39:01look at
39:02you.
39:04I saw
39:06him
39:06how he
39:07opened up
39:07the
39:08window
39:08and I saw
39:12him
39:13fly
39:13through
39:14that
39:14diving
39:15through
39:16that
39:17window
39:18even in court
39:20he didn't bring
39:20out the truth
39:21he didn't
39:22say what happened
39:25nothing of that
39:26he was that
39:28kind of person
39:29he will just
39:30keep his mouth
39:31shut
39:33Ahmad
39:34loved life
39:34and there's
39:36no way
39:36that he would
39:37take his own
39:37life
39:38no way
39:40he began
39:41to shake
39:42a bit
39:42he began
39:43but he stuck
39:44to the
39:44main story
39:45or the
39:47detainee
39:47jumped out
39:48of the window
39:49he was
39:50being loyal
39:50to his bosses
39:51this cause
39:53primafake
39:54finding is that
39:55members of the
39:56security branch
39:56were interrogating
39:57Timor
39:58on the day
39:59he died
40:00murdered Timor
40:02the high court
40:03in Pretoria
40:04has ruled that
40:05Ahmed Timor
40:06did not commit
40:07suicide
40:07he was murdered
40:08by apartheid
40:10police
40:10num veredito
40:12histórico
40:13o juiz
40:13declarou que
40:14Ahmed Timor
40:15tinha sido
40:15efetivamente
40:16assassinado
40:17e recomendou
40:18que Rodrigues
40:18fosse agora
40:19julgado
40:19pelo seu
40:20homicídio
40:20the fact
40:21that we
40:22got the
40:23verdict
40:23that Ahmed
40:24Timor
40:24did not
40:26commit suicide
40:27I think
40:28was the
40:29most important
40:30thing
40:31for myself
40:32and for
40:32my family
40:33that he did
40:34not commit suicide
40:35that he was
40:37brutally tortured
40:39and he was
40:41thrown out
40:41from the top
40:43of the building
40:45the court
40:47ordered that
40:47the NPA
40:48actually indict
40:50Rodrigues
40:51which they did
40:52and then he
40:53took it through
40:53the courts
40:54to exercise
40:55his rights
40:56I suppose
40:57to appeal
40:58against that
40:58indictment
40:59and it took
41:00a long time
41:01and eventually
41:04Charles Rodrigues
41:05dies
41:05and so
41:07for the families
41:08that's like
41:09a really
41:09big blow
41:12the whole process
41:13came a bit
41:14of a fast
41:16the case
41:17was delayed
41:17and delayed
41:18and delayed
41:19until he
41:20died of a
41:21natural death
41:30no closure
41:34the most poor
41:35mother
41:36she was such
41:37a beautiful woman
41:38and I think
41:39she was prepared
41:39to forgive
41:40I think
41:41she was prepared
41:42to forgive
41:42as long as
41:43she could know
41:44anything
41:44to just know
41:46and the thing
41:47is she died
41:48without knowing
41:49exactly what
41:50happened to her son
41:56não apenas
41:57no caso
41:58de Timó
41:58mas também
41:59para tantos
41:59sobreviventes
42:00do regime
42:00do apartheid
42:01é difícil
42:02chegar à verdade
42:03mesmo
42:04após
42:05todos
42:05estes
42:05anos
42:07em
42:07Sharpeville
42:08os residentes
42:09liderados
42:10por Tzohan
42:10and Lapo
42:11continuam a lutar
42:12para que seja
42:13investigado
42:14o número real
42:15de mortos
42:15no dia
42:16do massacre
42:18acreditam
42:19que foi superior
42:20aos 69
42:20relatados
42:21pela polícia
42:22do apartheid
42:23para eles
42:24o passado
42:25por resolver
42:25ecoa
42:26no presente
42:28o que o
42:29ritual
42:29que nós
42:30fazemos
42:30quando
42:31nós
42:31cairmos
42:31alguém
42:33Nós temos que ver seu corpo, seu membro de família deve ser o que você se cuide a última vez.
42:39Então, se você morreu violentamente, esse mal-luxo não volta.
42:47Não ter feito todos esses rituais depois do Chaville,
42:53tem levado para o que o Chaville é hoje,
42:57e que é um site continuo de sangue.
43:01Se não se cuide, é um golpe de chaville.
43:07Eu acho que o massacre acabou de me, quando meu irmão foi morto em Chaville,
43:1520 anos atrás, esse ano.
43:20Meu irmão foi morto, quase perto da gravação,
43:23tinha um desagreamento com esse cara,
43:27e, de um desagreamento com um ataque fatalmente.
43:34De trás,
43:35que é o mesmo jeito que as vítimas do Chaville foram roubadas.
43:42a única forma de parar a desagreamento que está acontecendo em Chaville
43:46é chegar ao baixo da verdade.
43:49Na sua busca para contestar o número oficial de mortos da era do Apartheid,
43:53Soana procura ajuda junto de dois investigadores dos Estados Unidos.
44:00Apartheid
44:01Apartheid
44:10Apartheid
44:11Apartheid
44:12Apartheid
44:12Apartheid
44:28Apartheid
44:29Apartheid
44:32Apartheid
44:41Apartheid
44:43Certo, na década de 70s e 80s,
44:45as pessoas nunca pudessem ter acesso a records
44:47sobre Shoutfield, porque eles eram off-limits.
44:50A polícia kept them to themselves.
44:52A polícia provavelmente assumiu que a records
44:54tinha sido destruída, ou que eles não existiam,
44:55ou algo assim.
44:56É isso aí, sim.
44:59Nós somos a primeira pesquisadora
45:00para olhar em detalhe
45:02a esses policiais em quase 65 anos.
45:05E nós fizemos grandes descobrições.
45:08Um dos primeiros que descobrimos
45:11foi uma lista de nomes de todos os que foram mortos
45:15naquele dia.
45:16E muitos dos que morreu.
45:18Uma lista oficial de policiais.
45:21E tinha seu nome,
45:23tinha seu nome, tinha seu nome,
45:24tinha seu nome, tinha seu nome.
45:27Então, eu acho que esse documento
45:29é como a Rosetta Stone.
45:31Eu acho que, você sabe,
45:32tudo sumiu tudo.
45:33E, como o Bill disse,
45:34foi uma lista oficial de documento.
45:36Sempre foi lá.
45:38O policia sabia.
45:42o que chamava,
45:43o que foi feito.
45:45O que foi feito.
45:46O que foi feito.
45:48o que foi feito.
45:52O que foi feito.
45:53O que comenta,
45:53o que foram mortos?
45:57um, medical records for those who were injured.
46:00And then we made copies.
46:03We have ended up coming up with a total of, we believe,
46:07at least 91 people killed and at least 238 injured that day.
46:12It's at least a third more than was recorded.
46:16Here, there is documentary evidence that can't be questioned
46:20that shows that far more people were killed that day
46:23than the police claimed at the time and that has been repeated ever since.
46:28So not the figure that Hendrick Fulfood decided, that's it,
46:32that's the only one we're going to use.
46:36Com a nova informação, permanece uma questão.
46:39O que aconteceu aos corpos dessas vítimas adicionais?
46:44We've identified people,
46:45but we're not really sure about what happened to the bodies.
46:49One of the fears of the people in Sharpeville
46:54is that, that when the 69 were buried,
46:58that there were actually multiple bodies in those coffins.
47:03And in fact, the South African apartheid authorities
47:05have at different times buried multiple people in the same coffin
47:09or buried multiple bodies in the same grave.
47:14There are just so many unanswered questions.
47:21It's very important to recognize the correct number of victims.
47:28That community is still there.
47:30They're in the same exact houses.
47:33They walk past that police station every day.
47:37This is still living history for them.
47:40And they want to have it recognized and resolved.
47:44So, I'm going to join you.
47:47Com provas do maior número de vítimas,
47:50Soana pede agora à equipa de pessoas desaparecidas
47:52que ajuda a localizar os corpos desaparecidos.
47:55Hello, hi.
47:57Madeleine.
47:57Soana.
47:58A equipa foi criada na sequência da Comissão de Verdade e Reconciliação
48:01por Madeleine Fulard
48:02e está integrada na Procuradoria-Geral da República.
48:06Do you know, our primary focus is those who disappeared
48:10and whose fate is not known.
48:14When I heard that you were coming, I was like, yes.
48:17One step closer to the truth, you know,
48:20and hopefully to find the bodies.
48:22As you did indicate, there is quite a lot of issues
48:25that can even still help families and community to find closure.
48:30Closure, yeah.
48:30Yeah.
48:30There's been this rumor that other people were buried in shallow graves in the cemetery.
48:39So it's unmarked as just a track of people who were down there.
48:43And if that is true, then it will make sense that there's people that are unaccounted for,
48:50you know.
48:50We always try and start with the very concrete.
48:53Maybe we take one or two names and then we work with those and we see where those lead.
48:59Those lead.
48:59So those 26 will start teasing out.
49:03So you've got a list of 26.
49:04That's incredible.
49:05It's a huge number.
49:07It's a huge number.
49:07It's not just like two or three.
49:09Two or three, yeah.
49:09That's a significant number.
49:13According to the research that Nancy and Bill did,
49:16the working list of the deceased goes up to 91.
49:21But right now it's 95.
49:24So they found other names.
49:25That's amazing.
49:26Yeah.
49:27Right?
49:33The challenge is going to be that wherever you dig in the cemetery,
49:37you're going to find bodies.
49:38So I wonder if there's maps.
49:41John, you lead the way.
49:47Is it 69 buried here?
49:50Yes.
49:50This will be the burial site.
49:59The difference between 69 and 95 is a huge number.
50:03Where are those people?
50:05Where are they buried?
50:07You can't say, rest in peace.
50:09We have to correct what was done here.
50:12It's a lot of graves.
50:14It's a lot of graves and a lot of information all at once.
50:18Where can we start?
50:19Definitely the additional 20, 25, 26 other victims.
50:25I think those must be investigated and their burial place is established.
50:30I think you've rocked our world.
50:33Thank you.
50:33There's a lot of information about the additional victims.
50:37Yeah.
50:37Yeah.
50:37And that's incredibly important that they get recognized and included.
50:43Yeah.
50:46In the sequence of their visit, Madeleine Foulard concorda em trazer de volta à sua equipa
50:50e iniciar o processo de escavação na esperança de encontrar as vítimas.
50:55We have to find the missing bodies.
50:59I believe it's the only way to see a tangible change on the lives of people of Sherville.
51:06We need to dispel all the lies that Abarthi told.
51:11We need to keep on with.
51:14We need to keep on with the same as a building.
51:37We need to keep on with the whole world.
51:39o quatro deles foram eliminados.
51:43Eu me perdi.
51:44Porque foi a primeira vez que eu fui implicado em matá-los.
51:49Nós fomos escutados.
51:51Nós somos terroristas.
51:53Não havia respeito para a vida ou nada.
51:57Nós perdemos nossos irmãos, e eles estavam muito young.
52:00O futuro foi fechado.
52:03Eu estou falando com o advogado, então...
52:05O juiz disse não.
52:07É o que o objetivo é quando você chegar à Deus.
52:10O que o objetivo é que eu me tornarei agora.
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