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00:01on the charge sheet of human history few things create such an indelible stain as slavery
00:09the idea that i am not human that i have no soul that i am a beast brand me burn
00:17me
00:18whatever and no recourse nothing yet few histories are more important for us to understand
00:28it's power to know what happened to you in the past because if you don't know what happened to
00:33you in the past you can't stop it from happening again in this series many well-known faces with a
00:39direct and often surprising link to this thousand-year story are embarking on journeys
00:45to different corners of the globe they'll uncover the truth about their past and tell the story of
00:53the oppression and exportation of one human being by another it beggars belief really
01:00how do you make that transition how do you go through that trauma and that adversity
01:08with expert knowledge from across continents their journeys will be complemented by descendants
01:16celebrities and historians to tell the bigger story of the enslaved peoples of the world
01:23the enslavement of africans changed our language it changed what we eat what we wear what we drink
01:29and created a force that still divides us today yet slavery also inspired resistance and rebellion
01:38from a brave but doomed uprising in jamaica i stand on the shoulders of giants i'm proud to be who
01:46i am
01:46and i'm proud where i come from and who i come from to a long overdue reckoning in our own
01:54lifetime
01:55black lives matter this is the thousand-year story of how slavery stained our past and shaped the modern world
02:15in this episode we examine explosive protests from our recent past and how they shook the world
02:22with the kind of fervor that there is now i think we're at an unstoppable place
02:29i've never seen in my adult life the kind of activism that i see now
02:38in bristol historian david olashoga explores the impact of history on this growing movement
02:45this is the convulsions that we're living through brought to bear on this statue
02:51whilst in new york descendant kenneth b morris jr explores the pivotal role his ancestor frederick
02:59douglas played in the global fight for abolition frederick douglas would expect that his descendants
03:05continue that fight to continue that struggle and mayor of bristol marvin reese tells a story of how
03:12direct action in the uk changed the course of our history it wasn't just about jobs on the buses
03:18that led to the race relations equalities act in the uk
03:32last year disbelief anger as well as the possibility of change were in the air
03:39in the wake of the murder of george floyd in the united states people took to the streets
03:45the killing of george floyd and other african americans at the hands of police has protesters
03:51taking to the streets and cities from coast to coast voicing their indignation that yet another
03:56black american had been killed by a white police officer it sparked a passionate protest movement
04:02across the globe black lives matter didn't just happen in the states it happened in the uk
04:10it happened in europe uh africa all over the world
04:15black lives matter it's no longer just black people shouting black lives matter everyone's saying it
04:22george floyd's murder brought american police brutality and institutional racism into sharp focus
04:29for many even for those living thousands of miles away the violence and injustice were deeply shocking
04:36putting your knee on the neck of someone for eight minutes and 45 seconds has nothing to do with
04:44policing it's it's much much more than that
04:50when i say black lives matter i'm asking you to accept it because for so long they haven't
04:57mattered and they didn't matter they could be sold beaten tortured burned you could do anything to them
05:05so black lives didn't matter
05:13historian david olashoga is more aware than most of the wealth which poured into bristol from the slave
05:20trade his work uncovering british history has taken him all over the world but it's the city of bristol
05:27that he today calls home i've lived in bristol for about 20 years and in that time the city's been
05:35slowly year by year getting better getting more willing to discuss its role in the atlantic slave trade
05:43there's been a settlement inland from the bristol channel for over a thousand years
05:48but it wasn't until the 18th century when bristol merchants could take full advantage
05:54of established trade networks that bristol really started to boom
05:58like hundreds of cities across europe it's got this history there's connections to slavery and
06:05the slave trade that have been unprocessed that people have not wanted to acknowledge for decades
06:14two weeks after the murder of george floyd in the united states bristol also hit the headlines
06:21protesters in bristol have pulled down a statue of a slave trader during a day of otherwise largely
06:27peaceful black lives matter demonstrations
06:37the pace of change the pace at which these histories are just emerging into the present has suddenly
06:43accelerated that one statue that one story suddenly made bristol the center the world center of these
06:51these debates about slavery why it's been partly forgotten and why we need to remember it
07:02the statue of 17th century slave trader edward colston had been a source of controversy for many years
07:11born in bristol in 1636 edward colston amassed a small fortune from the slave trade
07:19in recent years some in the city had called for an additional plaque to be added or for the statue
07:26to be
07:27removed entirely i can understand why somebody would want to take a statue down but if we don't teach those
07:34statues
07:35if we don't put them in museums people are going to believe they never existed
07:41for me i want no statues to remain and i want the real truth put underneath it should be lest
07:49we forget
07:51after the statue was recovered it was put into storage until its future could be determined
07:58but what should happen now to this most divisive statue a potent symbol of slavery
08:16after the statue of edward colston was pulled down in the summer of 2020
08:21it was hidden away from view after nearly a year of debate and controversy historian david olashoga
08:29has come to see the statue put on temporary display for the very first time
08:34but it would no longer be standing tall
08:41whenever you see a statue that's been taken off its pedestal it looks diminished looks less powerful
08:49because a lot of the power comes from them being high up and looking looking down on you 125 years
08:57it stood in the center of a city that just brushed under the carpet into involvement in the atlantic slave
09:02trade and then he is dumped into the harbor from which 2000 slave training expeditions set sail
09:09you can see the scrapes and the scars from his journey across the streets of briskell
09:17this graffiti it's just loaded with symbolism i mean the red on his hands is obviously a metaphor
09:23of the blood on his hands and the scars are about the kind of battles that we're fighting and we're
09:27facing now edward colston is now much more famous than he ever was in his lifetime and what's made him
09:34famous was an event that took place 5 000 miles away the murder of an african-american man outside the
09:40convenience store in minneapolis edward colston himself never lived to see his reputation celebrated
09:51or condemned and whilst his statue would be erected in bristol the city of his birth it was london where
09:59colston spent most of his working life we know that in his 12 years colston's involvement in the royal
10:08africa company that more than 80 000 africans are transported into slavery by the company that he
10:14is working for that he's a shareholder for that he's partly for two years deputy governor of
10:19and we know that around 19 000 of them died and this statue
10:24was silent about them they were invisible in this whole story and that really for me was the problem
10:31with this statue not just that it told half-truths about a man it said what he did with the
10:36money and
10:37it didn't mention where the money came from it was absolutely silent about the people who died
10:44and suffered and who were whipped and beaten and mutilated and punished in order to create this fortune
10:52edward colston gave away much of his wealth before his death in 1721 but that wasn't the end of the
11:01story
11:02over 100 years later a 19th century cult had emerged among bristol's elite who wanted to celebrate
11:10colston's philanthropy what the statue of edward colston perfectly demonstrates is the fact that
11:18statues don't tell history they're not designed to tell history because the real history it tells is not
11:23of edward colston's life in the 17th century but of bristol in the late 19th century and the merchant elite
11:29who
11:30wanted to create a civic saint out of a slave trader to benefit their position and their dominance over
11:36the city the statue was erected by men who knew that colston was a slave trader they just didn't care
11:42because they could never imagine a moment in the future in which anyone would care about the tens of
11:48thousands of africans that colston was complicit in enslaving and killing they couldn't imagine the
11:53time like the 21st century where the lives of those africans would matter
11:59i don't think things will ever go back the history is finally coming to the surface and i think when
12:08things stop being secretive then change comes about while 17th century slave traders such as edward colston
12:18channelled profits back to england a new generation of englishmen crossed the atlantic to build wealth
12:26overseas and one individual would leave a devastating legacy elias ball was just 22 years old when he left
12:36his family in devon for the newly formed english colony of carolina one of 13 original colonies founded in north
12:46america the english established a settlement on a peninsula by the ashley and cooper rivers known as
12:52charleston today the english were already involved in the transatlantic slave trade this wasn't anything
13:00new and they were looking for their opportunity to make their way into colonizing the western atlantic world
13:07so virginia barbados and ultimately in south carolina become very important
13:14north of charleston descendant and award-winning writer edward ball is recreating the journey made
13:22by his english ancestor elias ball when he started his new life in america the crop in south carolina
13:30was rice not cotton all of these grasses were rice fields at one time there would be hundreds of people
13:41up to their thighs in mud it was back-breaking work and it was
13:49never-ending this was the factory that produced the wealth of the southern american states
13:59there's a growing awareness of what the slave trade bequeathed to the descendants of people who
14:06were involved and and what it meant to the creation of wealth in britain what it meant to the creation
14:12of
14:13wealth in america the year 1698 marked the start of the ball dynasty in south carolina when elias ball
14:23inherited a single plantation coming tea from his father's half-brother we're at the main house of
14:32coming tea plantation elias ball built this house about 1740 and lived here until his death surrounded by
14:42his 100 enslaved workers and many generations of the balls lived here for the next 175 years
14:55it was the hub of the hive and now it's quiet as it should be
15:06we have to understand our history warts and all but you have to fess up to that
15:13own up to it get into the detail of the hundreds of years in which it was constructed and why
15:19it was
15:22constructed edward decided to study the records kept by successive generations of the ball family
15:28found today at the south carolina historical society this book is pigskin bound ledger it chronicles
15:40buying and selling of people jenny born and bought hampshire who was born
15:48and who died paul blackjack will harry who ran away when they were recaptured edward discovered that
15:58over the course of nearly 200 years his family had owned more than 20 rice plantations and enslaved
16:05over 4 000 african americans and one name in particular would allow edward to connect his english past
16:13with his american present here it is this is 1756 in july i bought four boys and two girls sancho
16:25nine years
16:26years old peter ditto brutus seven harriet six belinda ten priscilla ten
16:46like many many descendants of slaveholders i looked the other way
16:51um because to look at the legacy of slavery in its face this bloody heirloom
17:02is a very hard assignment for anyone facing up to his family history edward tracked down descendants
17:12of those enslaved on his family's estates at the entrance to charleston harbor he's meeting tomalin
17:20martin polite the seventh generation descendant of 10 year old priscilla as far as i know we are the
17:28only family that has an unbroken paper trail to name the actual person who came from sierra leone
17:38to america as a slave people kidnapped from the so-called rice coast of west africa
17:45weren't just stolen for the capacity of their bodies but also for their skills and knowledge
17:51because of the similar terrain of south carolina to a sierra leone it was perfect for rice growing and
18:01and sierra leonians had developed a very sought-after talent that uh south carolinians wanted and needed
18:09to help cultivate their rice plantations the shipment of black africans the use of them as chattel and as
18:18goods the wealth that was amassed across the world is in the modern era unparalleled in its destructive force
18:32like tomalin's ancestor priscilla 40 percent of all enslaved africans brought to the united states
18:38came through charleston harbor we are standing at sullivan's island which is where the ship named
18:47the hare brought priscilla along with the rest of the captives there were 110 85 survived
18:59they were taken to the pest houses to be inspected as if merchandise and then the slaves were taken to
19:08be sold to elias ball the coming tea plantation priscilla she stayed there for 55 years
19:17bore 10 children and she died at the age of 65 on coming tea plantation how does that make you
19:26feel it makes me
19:29sad it makes me proud though it's a very humbling experience as well um when you think of the
19:41the issues that i face or that we face today it makes it seem so minute compared to what she
19:48faced
19:54to look honestly at the slave past is like glancing into a wound in order to try to release the
20:03poisons
20:04which have been trapped with the hope the dim hope that the wound might heal properly
20:14finally i think large sections of white society is beginning to ask themselves questions whereas
20:22perhaps they didn't before for some reason white america is suddenly listening from the very start of
20:31the atlantic slave trade africans had fought against slavery rebelling and resisting on slave ships and
20:39on the plantations but in the late 18th century another group began to emerge the abolitionists
20:47and the writing of one campaigner who had a huge impact in america also brought his message to britain
20:57this book this book made frederick douglas arguably the most famous black person in the world an
21:02extraordinarily dangerous position to be in because frederick douglas was an escaped slave
21:17the world of slavery was one of constant conflict and rebellion but in the late 18th century a
21:25political movement emerged committed to abolition
21:31and one of the most powerful tools in its arsenal was the publication of first-hand accounts by people
21:38who had themselves been enslaved on a signal given the buyers rush at once into the yard where the
21:46slaves are confined and make a choice of that parcel they like in this manner without scruple our
21:53relations and friends separated most of them never to see each other again accounts such as these
22:03stories helped turn british public opinion before slavery was abolished in 1833 but in america the
22:11road towards abolition was infinitely longer and more complex and one african-american abolitionist
22:18frederick douglas would do more than most to turn the tide of history frederick douglas was met with
22:24all forms of segregation and racism and yet managed to rise above that how so by focusing on liberating his
22:34brothers and sisters born into slavery in maryland around 1818 frederick douglas was separated from his
22:42mother as a young child there are accounts where people talk about children being ripped out of people's
22:50hands and sold away at two months old there's the physical abuse but then there's the mental abuse
22:59frederick douglas was separated from from his mother at a very young age and then he was made to live
23:05with his grandmother and again another separation douglas was moved from one plantation to the next
23:12and leased and leased to several farmers including edward covey a particularly brutal slave breaker
23:20then in 1838 when only 20 years old douglas escaped and headed to the free states of the north
23:29once settled in massachusetts douglas became an agent for abolitionist societies meeting key figures
23:36who encouraged him to share his story and in 1845 he published an autobiography in which he took the bold
23:45move to name his legal owner the publication of his autobiography is a political act he's ready to
23:53lose what he acquired for the sake of telling that story and sharing that story the book was an instant
24:00success but it catapulted frederick douglas to a dangerous level of fame for someone who was still
24:08the legal property of another without delay in the august of 1845 douglas bid farewell to his wife and four
24:18children and boarded a ship bound for britain
24:25historian david olishoga has traveled to tyneside where he grew up to tell the story of a british
24:31family with whom frederick douglas enjoyed an enduring transatlantic friendship this book made
24:38frederick douglas arguably the most famous black person in the world but to be famous to be someone
24:45whose image was known to thousands of people that was an extraordinarily dangerous position for douglas
24:50to be in because in the 1840s he was still an escaped slave he was still legally the property
24:55of the slave owner thomas oldes and so douglas did what many african americans did in that time
25:02which was he came to britain by the time frederick douglas arrived in britain in 1845
25:10slavery had already been abolished but that wasn't the end of the british anti-slavery movement
25:16there was a whole network of abolitionists who are now anti-slavery campaigners who
25:22saw it as the mission of victorian britain to fight against slavery everywhere in the world and
25:28particularly in the united states and douglas was able to tap in to that network every city
25:34he went to he would be welcomed and he would lodge at the houses of anti-slavery activists and he
25:40traveled
25:40around britain in the time he was here almost two years and spoke hundreds of times and one of the
25:47places that he came was was here was to newcastle one prominent group of anti-slavery activists were
25:56the quakers the first religious group on either side of the atlantic to come out against slavery
26:03this house was home to a family called the richards and it was ellen her sister anna and her husband
26:09henry they were radical quakers they'd been involved in the campaigns to end slavery in the british empire
26:15and in the 1840s it was in this house that frederick douglas stayed while he was in newcastle
26:23anna and ellen began the process through meetings and writing letters of purchasing the freedom
26:31purchasing the manumission papers for frederick douglas however the transaction arranged to
26:39purchase douglas's freedom was for some deeply problematic douglas and the richardsons were
26:46immediately criticized douglas's freedom is to be purchased through a legal contract of sale and the
26:52argument was made that to accept a transaction is to accept that douglas was chattel that he was
27:00something that could be bought and sold one of the people who makes this argument is the
27:05abolitionist henry clark wright and he wrote a letter to frederick douglas and that letter along
27:11with frederick douglas's response to it was published in this newspaper the liberator the great
27:16american abolitionist newspaper this is from january 1847 dear frederick that certificate for your
27:24freedom that bill of sale for your body and your soul from that villain thomas old who dared to claim
27:31you as chattel and set a price on you i wish you would not touch it douglas responds by stating
27:38some
27:39pretty stark and painful facts he says i am in england my family are in the united states my sphere
27:48of usefulness where he can be most effective in fighting slavery is in the united states but i am
27:55legally the property of thomas old and if i go to the united states thomas old aided by the american
28:01government can seize bind and fetter me and drag me from my family and feed his cruel revenge upon me
28:08and doom me to unending slavery and douglas rejects this idea that by purchasing his freedom from thomas
28:17old that he is accepting the idea of property in man he says that it is almost like giving money
28:25to an
28:25armed robber you're not accepting the morality or the legality of being mugged or being robbed at
28:30gunpoint when you hand your money over douglas returned to the united states in 1847 but he never
28:39forgot his time in britain or his friends in newcastle in this letter douglas describes his feelings to anna and
28:46to britain he says all england is dear to me and though long in her borders and absent from home
28:53and anxious to be at home i left with the heaviest of heart that words cannot express but he says
29:00i now
29:01have my manumission papers these are the papers that prove that legally he is no longer enslaved
29:08there is nothing that will sting the americans more than the fact that i landed on your shores a
29:14slave and came back a free man
29:20upon his return to america he was reunited with his family in upstate new york where he began publishing
29:28his first abolitionist newspaper and where he continued the american fight for the abolition of
29:34slavery whereas in england the horrors and torture in the caribbean were kept out of sight of the british
29:42public america was born in slavery i think there were many people got addicted to that power the southern
29:52states in particular i mean that's i mean that's why they went to war right the south wasn't just a
29:58society that had slaves it was a slave society and what that meant was every part of southern society
30:04is built around an enslaved labor system the northern and southern states had disagreed for decades
30:12on the powers of federal government and western expansion and with the election of president abraham
30:19lincoln in 1860 tension soon came to a head lincoln runs on a platform to stop the spread of slavery
30:27into
30:28the new states out west the southern states say if we can't expand then then maybe slavery will die
30:36within months of president lincoln's election victory seven southern states broke away from the union
30:42and when the incoming lincoln administration refused to recognize their legitimacy
30:49confederate forces opened fire
30:54the civil war is really a cauldron where a variety of issues political issues notions of citizenship
31:01all come together but you've got to understand that african americans have always demanded citizenship
31:08and frederick douglas was one such campaigner
31:15kenneth b morris jr is the three times great grandson of frederick douglas
31:21kenneth was inspired to continue his ancestor's legacy when he read an article in national geographic
31:27magazine i really spent most of my life taking this lineage for granted and it wasn't until i read that
31:35national geographic magazine article with the headline 21st century slaves that i started to feel
31:41connected to this lineage today kenneth runs a charity seeking to end human trafficking and modern day
31:49slavery but in the 19th century his ancestor played a key role in the abolitionist movement
31:56kenneth has traveled to new york to meet professor maurice wallace
32:00and learn more about the unique role frederick douglas played in the american civil war
32:07what do you think frederick douglas's ambitions were during the war so i think he
32:14understood that the abolition of slavery once and for all depended upon union victory and he wanted
32:22nothing more than for lincoln to get behind that cause and there were at least a couple of
32:29meetings with lincoln and douglas was a little surprised at just how humane lincoln was but i also
32:37think that lincoln was a little surprised at just how shrewd douglas was in the first year of the civil
32:46war
32:46the services of african american soldiers were denied by the federal government it really wasn't until
32:54the union army was suffering many losses lincoln issues the emancipation proclamation in late 1862
33:01beginning in 1863 that they suddenly begin to say we'll take black soldiers but there was a great deal
33:08of hesitancy for douglas this was the turning point he had been waiting for why do you think my great
33:16ancestor was so adamant about recruiting black soldiers to the cause he imagined that black soldiers
33:27would fight with even greater convictions um than their white peers for their own people's liberty their
33:37own liberty in many cases i think too that he was also persuaded that black men who enlisted in the
33:46war
33:47could demonstrate black people's deservedness of american citizenship and douglas himself became a
33:56recruiter for the massachusetts 54th i see some images frederick douglas's sons am i correct
34:05as uh enlistees in the civil war yeah douglas was so committed to the cause that his sons were his
34:14first recruits this is charles is my great great grandfather and then this would be my great great
34:20great uncle lewis charles in particular was the first black man in new york to enlist charles became
34:27ill when they were training and he never fought with the massachusetts 54th but lewis fought in the battle
34:33of fort wagner and morris island cause of abolition was so important to these two men that they would
34:42be willing to die and give up their freedom i'm really proud of that because i wonder you know if
34:49i would have had that same commitment you know that they had douglas's sons were born free but many of
34:58the
34:58200 000 african americans who fought on the side of the union had themselves been enslaved and eight
35:07months after union victory in 1865 slavery was finally abolished four million african americans began
35:17their lives as free people yet the terrible legacy of slavery racism and white supremacy would continue
35:24to divide america for generations to come frederick douglas said without struggle there is no progress
35:31and this country is undergoing a mighty struggle right now and i think that he would still be out there
35:39agitating speaking truth to power and he would expect that his descendants continue that fight
35:46continue that struggle nearly 60 years before the murder of george floyd shook the world another
35:55struggle sent shockwaves through britain and america the fight for civil rights would change the course of
36:02world history in america and certainly in the american south the past is never really passed history is not
36:16dead it's alive and it's very much alive in the lives of black americans today for americans in the north
36:25and south the abolition of slavery heralded the start of a new era african americans served in government
36:32positions and became members of congress but in 1877 a decade of progress came to an abrupt end when the
36:41last remaining federal troops were withdrawn from the south everything that we fought for was rolled back
36:49it was all rolled back it was all rolled back segregation intimidation and racial violence took hold
36:57in america's deep south ending slavery on the books is one thing but once that happens
37:06what's next barriers were placed in the way obstacles were placed in the way
37:12and so by the time you have a rosa parks black people had gained this mentality of
37:19no more after civil rights campaigner rosa parks refused to give up her seat on a bus in montgomery
37:27alabama public attention around the globe was drawn to the injustice of segregation rosa parks was tired
37:35of the oppression the exploitation being treated in an inhumane way the injustice caught the attention of
37:42many including a young martin luther king jr daddy taught that we will triumph
37:51not over people but over injustice and over hate let all of us be calm and reasonable
38:00we can integrate the buses montgomery with no difficulty during the montgomery bus protest is when he started
38:10articulating this as non-violence in december 1955 40 000 african-american passengers boycotted the buses
38:2113 months later the u.s supreme court ruled that montgomery's buses should be desegregated
38:28the montgomery bus boycott demonstrated that grass roots activism could lead to real and sustained change
38:36and its success rippled across the world the legacy of slavery racism people are still struggling to
38:49fight against a system i mean it's huge events in america were closely followed by african caribbean
38:58migrants who arrived in britain after the second world war think about the windrush generation
39:06we were part of the british empire so you kind of go we could go to any of these other
39:12countries but
39:13we chose to come to britain my mother was one of the windrush generation there was this desperation to
39:21fit in to give your children very british sounding names but the migrants did not receive the warm
39:29welcome they had expected you know there were signs on doors saying no blacks no irish no dogs and black
39:36communities in london and nottingham were attacked by white youths by the 1960s around 3 000 african caribbean
39:46men women and children had settled in bristol among them the jamaican-born father of bristol's current mayor
39:53marvin reese the hostility towards people with black and brown skin coming into the uk uh was something
40:02that took people by surprise and they would be abused they'd be physically attacked work would have been
40:07tough to find until the 1960s there were no laws to prevent racial discrimination in britain
40:15and civil protest emerged once again there was an overt policy of not employing uh black people asian
40:24people on bristol's buses people were being absolutely excluded from economic opportunity point
40:31is that whilst we can obtain white labor in this city we intend to go on engaging white labor rather
40:40than colored labor and some white bus conductresses didn't want to work with black male drivers it's
40:47not very nice for a woman to be able to last 12 at night with a colored man is it
40:51not a white woman
40:54inspired by the success of protests in america civil rights campaigners in bristol led by youth officer
41:00paul stevenson organized a campaign to boycott the buses
41:07the bristol omnibus company lifted its color bar um i think this is going to be welcomed by colored
41:14people of the bristol and many many bristolians who came in and gave us their sympathy well the bus
41:19boycott i think was of profound importance uh not just in bristol but across the country and
41:25interestingly the day of success was the same day as i have a dream uh by martin the king 1963.
41:32three weeks later bristol omnibus company had hired its first non-white bus conductor ragbear singh
41:42people begun to get opportunity but it wasn't just about jobs on the buses because that led to the
41:47first raft of equalities act in in the uk as well in 1965 the race relations act was the first
41:55piece
41:55of legislation to prohibit racial discrimination in britain and when i look at my journey being the
42:02first african heritage mayor of any british city i have to trace my own journey back to the the fights
42:09and
42:10efforts that that happened before i was born and again bristol finds itself in this spot
42:18we have the blm rally the statue gets pulled down the world looks to bristol and you know we end
42:24up
42:24contributing to the shape and of the way the world thinks about race inequality
42:31the britain's attempts to draw a veil over those two centuries as a slave trading and a slave owning power
42:37just haven't worked this history is re-emerging into the 21st century because it was never acknowledged
42:42in the 19th and the 20th century
42:47it was the english who in their early caribbean colonies first fully institutionalized and codified
42:55racism white supremacy is an english invention
43:02that was franchised to several different countries for the next 200 years slavery was to have a huge
43:10impact around the globe the slave system created the ruins that we're still navigating this enormous
43:18global system changed the world and it changed us in the process and that history has left a bitter
43:26legacy that we're still grappling with today when you look at george floyd's death and the worldwide
43:34movement which resulted you realize that there are people today who will make sure that we do not
43:41ignore history we're told constantly black lives matter that's about america it's got nothing to do with britain
43:48it's about what we haven't been told what we don't have the opportunity of learning
43:55i'm not sure if it's possible to be a black man or woman in the usa in britain in africa
44:05and not be angry knowing what we do about our history and knowing what we face in the present
44:16back with a brand new mystery to solve our much talked about crime drama dalgleish continues with a
44:22two-part investigation thursday and friday at nine a disturbing call out for the team next who
44:28are dispatched to a churchyard in ambulance code red
44:43is
44:43in
44:43in
44:43in
44:43in
44:43in
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