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In 2020, the murder of George Floyd shook the world and, within weeks, the statue of Britain's most famous slave trader was toppled by Black Lives Matter protestors in Bristol. Historian Prof David Olusoga returns to the city to see the statue of Edward Colston on display for the first time.
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00:01on the charge sheet of human history few things create such an indelible stain as slavery
00:09the idea that i am not human that i have no soul that i am a beast brand me burn
00:17me
00:18whatever and no recourse nothing yet few histories are more important for us to understand
00:28it's power to know what happened to you in the past because if you don't know what happened to
00:33you in the past you can't stop it from happening again in this series many well-known faces with a
00:39direct and often surprising link to this thousand-year story are embarking on journeys
00:45to different corners of the globe they'll uncover the truth about their past and tell the story of
00:53the oppression and exportation of one human being by another it beggars belief really
01:00how do you make that transition how do you go through that trauma and that adversity
01:08with expert knowledge from across continents their journeys will be complemented by descendants
01:16celebrities and historians to tell the bigger story of the enslaved peoples of the world
01:23the enslavement of africans changed our language it changed what we eat what we wear what we drink
01:29and created a force that still divides us today yet slavery also inspired resistance and rebellion
01:38from a brave but doomed uprising in jamaica i stand on the shoulders of giants i'm proud to be who
01:46i am
01:46and i'm proud where i come from and who i come from to a long overdue reckoning in our own
01:54lifetime
01:55black lives matter this is the thousand-year story of how slavery stained our past and shaped the modern world
02:15in this episode we examine explosive protests from our recent past and how they shook the world
02:22with the kind of fervor that there is now i think we're at an unstoppable place
02:29i've never seen in my adult life the kind of activism that i see now
02:38in bristol historian david olashoga explores the impact of history on this growing movement
02:45this is the convulsions that we're living through brought to bear on this statue
02:51whilst in new york descendant kenneth b morris jr explores the pivotal role his ancestor frederick
02:59douglas played in the global fight for abolition frederick douglas would expect that his descendants
03:05continue that fight to continue that struggle and mayor of bristol marvin reese tells a story of how
03:12direct action in the uk changed the course of our history it wasn't just about jobs on the buses
03:18that led to the race relations equalities act in the uk
03:32last year disbelief anger as well as the possibility of change were in the air
03:39in the wake of the murder of george floyd in the united states people took to the streets
03:45the killing of george floyd and other african americans at the hands of police has protesters
03:51taking to the streets and cities from coast to coast voicing their indignation that yet another
03:56black american had been killed by a white police officer it sparked a passionate protest movement
04:02across the globe black lives matter didn't just happen in the states it happened in the uk
04:10it happened in europe uh africa all over the world
04:15black lives matter it's no longer just black people shouting black lives matter everyone's saying it
04:22george floyd's murder brought american police brutality and institutional racism into sharp focus
04:29for many even for those living thousands of miles away the violence and injustice were deeply shocking
04:36putting your knee on the neck of someone for eight minutes and 45 seconds has nothing to do with
04:44policing it's it's much much more than that
04:50when i say black lives matter i'm asking you to accept it because for so long they haven't
04:57mattered and they didn't matter they could be sold beaten tortured burned you could do anything to them
05:05so black lives didn't matter
05:13historian david olashoga is more aware than most of the wealth which poured into bristol from the slave
05:20trade his work uncovering british history has taken him all over the world but it's the city of bristol
05:27that he today calls home i've lived in bristol for about 20 years and in that time the city's been
05:35slowly year by year getting better getting more willing to discuss its role in the atlantic slave trade
05:43there's been a settlement inland from the bristol channel for over a thousand years
05:48but it wasn't until the 18th century when bristol merchants could take full advantage
05:54of established trade networks that bristol really started to boom
05:58like hundreds of cities across europe it's got this history there's connections to slavery and
06:05the slave trade that have been unprocessed that people have not wanted to acknowledge for decades
06:14two weeks after the murder of george floyd in the united states bristol also hit the headlines
06:21protesters in bristol have pulled down a statue of a slave trader during a day of otherwise largely
06:27peaceful black lives matter demonstrations
06:37the pace of change the pace at which these histories are just emerging into the present has suddenly
06:43accelerated that one statue that one story suddenly made bristol the center the world center of these
06:51these debates about slavery why it's been partly forgotten and why we need to remember it
07:02the statue of 17th century slave trader edward colston had been a source of controversy for many years
07:11born in bristol in 1636 edward colston amassed a small fortune from the slave trade
07:19in recent years some in the city had called for an additional plaque to be added or for the statue
07:26to be
07:27removed entirely i can understand why somebody would want to take a statue down but if we don't teach those
07:34statues
07:35if we don't put them in museums people are going to believe they never existed
07:41for me i want no statues to remain and i want the real truth put underneath it should be lest
07:49we forget
07:51after the statue was recovered it was put into storage until its future could be determined
07:58but what should happen now to this most divisive statue a potent symbol of slavery
08:16after the statue of edward colston was pulled down in the summer of 2020
08:21it was hidden away from view after nearly a year of debate and controversy historian david olashoga
08:29has come to see the statue put on temporary display for the very first time
08:34but it would no longer be standing tall
08:41whenever you see a statue that's been taken off its pedestal it looks diminished looks less powerful
08:49because a lot of the power comes from them being high up and looking looking down on you 125 years
08:57it stood in the center of a city that just brushed under the carpet into involvement in the atlantic slave
09:02trade and then he is dumped into the harbor from which 2000 slave training expeditions set sail
09:09you can see the scrapes and the scars from his journey across the streets of briskell
09:17this graffiti it's just loaded with symbolism i mean the red on his hands is obviously a metaphor
09:23of the blood on his hands and the scars are about the kind of battles that we're fighting and we're
09:27facing now edward colston is now much more famous than he ever was in his lifetime and what's made him
09:34famous was an event that took place 5 000 miles away the murder of an african-american man outside the
09:40convenience store in minneapolis edward colston himself never lived to see his reputation celebrated
09:51or condemned and whilst his statue would be erected in bristol the city of his birth it was london where
09:59colston spent most of his working life we know that in his 12 years colston's involvement in the royal
10:08africa company that more than 80 000 africans are transported into slavery by the company that he
10:14is working for that he's a shareholder for that he's partly for two years deputy governor of
10:19and we know that around 19 000 of them died and this statue
10:24was silent about them they were invisible in this whole story and that really for me was the problem
10:31with this statue not just that it told half-truths about a man it said what he did with the
10:36money and
10:37it didn't mention where the money came from it was absolutely silent about the people who died
10:44and suffered and who were whipped and beaten and mutilated and punished in order to create this fortune
10:52edward colston gave away much of his wealth before his death in 1721 but that wasn't the end of the
11:01story
11:02over 100 years later a 19th century cult had emerged among bristol's elite who wanted to celebrate
11:10colston's philanthropy what the statue of edward colston perfectly demonstrates is the fact that
11:18statues don't tell history they're not designed to tell history because the real history it tells is not
11:23of edward colston's life in the 17th century but of bristol in the late 19th century and the merchant elite
11:29who
11:30wanted to create a civic saint out of a slave trader to benefit their position and their dominance over
11:36the city the statue was erected by men who knew that colston was a slave trader they just didn't care
11:42because they could never imagine a moment in the future in which anyone would care about the tens of
11:48thousands of africans that colston was complicit in enslaving and killing they couldn't imagine the
11:53time like the 21st century where the lives of those africans would matter
11:59i don't think things will ever go back the history is finally coming to the surface and i think when
12:08things stop being secretive then change comes about while 17th century slave traders such as edward colston
12:18channelled profits back to england a new generation of englishmen crossed the atlantic to build wealth
12:26overseas and one individual would leave a devastating legacy elias ball was just 22 years old when he left
12:36his family in devon for the newly formed english colony of carolina one of 13 original colonies founded in north
12:46america the english established a settlement on a peninsula by the ashley and cooper rivers known as
12:52charleston today the english were already involved in the transatlantic slave trade this wasn't anything
13:00new and they were looking for their opportunity to make their way into colonizing the western atlantic world
13:07so virginia barbados and ultimately in south carolina become very important
13:14north of charleston descendant and award-winning writer edward ball is recreating the journey made
13:22by his english ancestor elias ball when he started his new life in america the crop in south carolina
13:30was rice not cotton all of these grasses were rice fields at one time there would be hundreds of people
13:41up to their thighs in mud it was back-breaking work and it was
13:49never-ending this was the factory that produced the wealth of the southern american states
13:59there's a growing awareness of what the slave trade bequeathed to the descendants of people who
14:06were involved and and what it meant to the creation of wealth in britain what it meant to the creation
14:12of
14:13wealth in america the year 1698 marked the start of the ball dynasty in south carolina when elias ball
14:23inherited a single plantation coming tea from his father's half-brother we're at the main house of
14:32coming tea plantation elias ball built this house about 1740 and lived here until his death surrounded by
14:42his 100 enslaved workers and many generations of the balls lived here for the next 175 years
14:55it was the hub of the hive and now it's quiet as it should be
15:06we have to understand our history warts and all but you have to fess up to that
15:13own up to it get into the detail of the hundreds of years in which it was constructed and why
15:19it was
15:22constructed edward decided to study the records kept by successive generations of the ball family
15:28found today at the south carolina historical society this book is pigskin bound ledger it chronicles
15:40buying and selling of people jenny born and bought hampshire who was born
15:48and who died paul blackjack will harry who ran away when they were recaptured edward discovered that
15:58over the course of nearly 200 years his family had owned more than 20 rice plantations and enslaved
16:05over 4 000 african americans and one name in particular would allow edward to connect his english past
16:13with his american present here it is this is 1756 in july i bought four boys and two girls sancho
16:25nine years
16:26years old peter ditto brutus seven harriet six belinda ten priscilla ten
16:46like many many descendants of slaveholders i looked the other way
16:51um because to look at the legacy of slavery in its face this bloody heirloom
17:02is a very hard assignment for anyone facing up to his family history edward tracked down descendants
17:12of those enslaved on his family's estates at the entrance to charleston harbor he's meeting tomalin
17:20martin polite the seventh generation descendant of 10 year old priscilla as far as i know we are the
17:28only family that has an unbroken paper trail to name the actual person who came from sierra leone
17:38to america as a slave people kidnapped from the so-called rice coast of west africa
17:45weren't just stolen for the capacity of their bodies but also for their skills and knowledge
17:51because of the similar terrain of south carolina to a sierra leone it was perfect for rice growing and
18:01and sierra leonians had developed a very sought-after talent that uh south carolinians wanted and needed
18:09to help cultivate their rice plantations the shipment of black africans the use of them as chattel and as
18:18goods the wealth that was amassed across the world is in the modern era unparalleled in its destructive force
18:32like tomalin's ancestor priscilla 40 percent of all enslaved africans brought to the united states
18:38came through charleston harbor we are standing at sullivan's island which is where the ship named
18:47the hare brought priscilla along with the rest of the captives there were 110 85 survived
18:59they were taken to the pest houses to be inspected as if merchandise and then the slaves were taken to
19:08be sold to elias ball the coming tea plantation priscilla she stayed there for 55 years
19:17bore 10 children and she died at the age of 65 on coming tea plantation how does that make you
19:26feel it makes me
19:29sad it makes me proud though it's a very humbling experience as well um when you think of the
19:41the issues that i face or that we face today it makes it seem so minute compared to what she
19:48faced
19:54to look honestly at the slave past is like glancing into a wound in order to try to release the
20:03poisons
20:04which have been trapped with the hope the dim hope that the wound might heal properly
20:14finally i think large sections of white society is beginning to ask themselves questions whereas
20:22perhaps they didn't before for some reason white america is suddenly listening from the very start of
20:31the atlantic slave trade africans had fought against slavery rebelling and resisting on slave ships and
20:39on the plantations but in the late 18th century another group began to emerge the abolitionists
20:47and the writing of one campaigner who had a huge impact in america also brought his message to britain
20:57this book this book made frederick douglas arguably the most famous black person in the world an
21:02extraordinarily dangerous position to be in because frederick douglas was an escaped slave
21:17the world of slavery was one of constant conflict and rebellion but in the late 18th century a
21:25political movement emerged committed to abolition
21:31and one of the most powerful tools in its arsenal was the publication of first-hand accounts by people
21:38who had themselves been enslaved on a signal given the buyers rush at once into the yard where the
21:46slaves are confined and make a choice of that parcel they like in this manner without scruple our
21:53relations and friends separated most of them never to see each other again accounts such as these
22:03stories helped turn british public opinion before slavery was abolished in 1833 but in america the
22:11road towards abolition was infinitely longer and more complex and one african-american abolitionist
22:18frederick douglas would do more than most to turn the tide of history frederick douglas was met with
22:24all forms of segregation and racism and yet managed to rise above that how so by focusing on liberating his
22:34brothers and sisters born into slavery in maryland around 1818 frederick douglas was separated from his
22:42mother as a young child there are accounts where people talk about children being ripped out of people's
22:50hands and sold away at two months old there's the physical abuse but then there's the mental abuse
22:59frederick douglas was separated from from his mother at a very young age and then he was made to live
23:05with his grandmother and again another separation douglas was moved from one plantation to the next
23:12and leased and leased to several farmers including edward covey a particularly brutal slave breaker
23:20then in 1838 when only 20 years old douglas escaped and headed to the free states of the north
23:29once settled in massachusetts douglas became an agent for abolitionist societies meeting key figures
23:36who encouraged him to share his story and in 1845 he published an autobiography in which he took the bold
23:45move to name his legal owner the publication of his autobiography is a political act he's ready to
23:53lose what he acquired for the sake of telling that story and sharing that story the book was an instant
24:00success but it catapulted frederick douglas to a dangerous level of fame for someone who was still
24:08the legal property of another without delay in the august of 1845 douglas bid farewell to his wife and four
24:18children and boarded a ship bound for britain
24:25historian david olishoga has traveled to tyneside where he grew up to tell the story of a british
24:31family with whom frederick douglas enjoyed an enduring transatlantic friendship this book made
24:38frederick douglas arguably the most famous black person in the world but to be famous to be someone
24:45whose image was known to thousands of people that was an extraordinarily dangerous position for douglas
24:50to be in because in the 1840s he was still an escaped slave he was still legally the property
24:55of the slave owner thomas oldes and so douglas did what many african americans did in that time
25:02which was he came to britain by the time frederick douglas arrived in britain in 1845
25:10slavery had already been abolished but that wasn't the end of the british anti-slavery movement
25:16there was a whole network of abolitionists who are now anti-slavery campaigners who
25:22saw it as the mission of victorian britain to fight against slavery everywhere in the world and
25:28particularly in the united states and douglas was able to tap in to that network every city
25:34he went to he would be welcomed and he would lodge at the houses of anti-slavery activists and he
25:40traveled
25:40around britain in the time he was here almost two years and spoke hundreds of times and one of the
25:47places that he came was was here was to newcastle one prominent group of anti-slavery activists were
25:56the quakers the first religious group on either side of the atlantic to come out against slavery
26:03this house was home to a family called the richards and it was ellen her sister anna and her husband
26:09henry they were radical quakers they'd been involved in the campaigns to end slavery in the british empire
26:15and in the 1840s it was in this house that frederick douglas stayed while he was in newcastle
26:23anna and ellen began the process through meetings and writing letters of purchasing the freedom
26:31purchasing the manumission papers for frederick douglas however the transaction arranged to
26:39purchase douglas's freedom was for some deeply problematic douglas and the richardsons were
26:46immediately criticized douglas's freedom is to be purchased through a legal contract of sale and the
26:52argument was made that to accept a transaction is to accept that douglas was chattel that he was
27:00something that could be bought and sold one of the people who makes this argument is the
27:05abolitionist henry clark wright and he wrote a letter to frederick douglas and that letter along
27:11with frederick douglas's response to it was published in this newspaper the liberator the great
27:16american abolitionist newspaper this is from january 1847 dear frederick that certificate for your
27:24freedom that bill of sale for your body and your soul from that villain thomas old who dared to claim
27:31you as chattel and set a price on you i wish you would not touch it douglas responds by stating
27:38some
27:39pretty stark and painful facts he says i am in england my family are in the united states my sphere
27:48of usefulness where he can be most effective in fighting slavery is in the united states but i am
27:55legally the property of thomas old and if i go to the united states thomas old aided by the american
28:01government can seize bind and fetter me and drag me from my family and feed his cruel revenge upon me
28:08and doom me to unending slavery and douglas rejects this idea that by purchasing his freedom from thomas
28:17old that he is accepting the idea of property in man he says that it is almost like giving money
28:25to an
28:25armed robber you're not accepting the morality or the legality of being mugged or being robbed at
28:30gunpoint when you hand your money over douglas returned to the united states in 1847 but he never
28:39forgot his time in britain or his friends in newcastle in this letter douglas describes his feelings to anna and
28:46to britain he says all england is dear to me and though long in her borders and absent from home
28:53and anxious to be at home i left with the heaviest of heart that words cannot express but he says
29:00i now
29:01have my manumission papers these are the papers that prove that legally he is no longer enslaved
29:08there is nothing that will sting the americans more than the fact that i landed on your shores a
29:14slave and came back a free man
29:20upon his return to america he was reunited with his family in upstate new york where he began publishing
29:28his first abolitionist newspaper and where he continued the american fight for the abolition of
29:34slavery whereas in england the horrors and torture in the caribbean were kept out of sight of the british
29:42public america was born in slavery i think there were many people got addicted to that power the southern
29:52states in particular i mean that's i mean that's why they went to war right the south wasn't just a
29:58society that had slaves it was a slave society and what that meant was every part of southern society
30:04is built around an enslaved labor system the northern and southern states had disagreed for decades
30:12on the powers of federal government and western expansion and with the election of president abraham
30:19lincoln in 1860 tension soon came to a head lincoln runs on a platform to stop the spread of slavery
30:27into
30:28the new states out west the southern states say if we can't expand then then maybe slavery will die
30:36within months of president lincoln's election victory seven southern states broke away from the union
30:42and when the incoming lincoln administration refused to recognize their legitimacy
30:49confederate forces opened fire
30:54the civil war is really a cauldron where a variety of issues political issues notions of citizenship
31:01all come together but you've got to understand that african americans have always demanded citizenship
31:08and frederick douglas was one such campaigner
31:15kenneth b morris jr is the three times great grandson of frederick douglas
31:21kenneth was inspired to continue his ancestor's legacy when he read an article in national geographic
31:27magazine i really spent most of my life taking this lineage for granted and it wasn't until i read that
31:35national geographic magazine article with the headline 21st century slaves that i started to feel
31:41connected to this lineage today kenneth runs a charity seeking to end human trafficking and modern day
31:49slavery but in the 19th century his ancestor played a key role in the abolitionist movement
31:56kenneth has traveled to new york to meet professor maurice wallace
32:00and learn more about the unique role frederick douglas played in the american civil war
32:07what do you think frederick douglas's ambitions were during the war so i think he
32:14understood that the abolition of slavery once and for all depended upon union victory and he wanted
32:22nothing more than for lincoln to get behind that cause and there were at least a couple of
32:29meetings with lincoln and douglas was a little surprised at just how humane lincoln was but i also
32:37think that lincoln was a little surprised at just how shrewd douglas was in the first year of the civil
32:46war
32:46the services of african american soldiers were denied by the federal government it really wasn't until
32:54the union army was suffering many losses lincoln issues the emancipation proclamation in late 1862
33:01beginning in 1863 that they suddenly begin to say we'll take black soldiers but there was a great deal
33:08of hesitancy for douglas this was the turning point he had been waiting for why do you think my great
33:16ancestor was so adamant about recruiting black soldiers to the cause he imagined that black soldiers
33:27would fight with even greater convictions um than their white peers for their own people's liberty their
33:37own liberty in many cases i think too that he was also persuaded that black men who enlisted in the
33:46war
33:47could demonstrate black people's deservedness of american citizenship and douglas himself became a
33:56recruiter for the massachusetts 54th i see some images frederick douglas's sons am i correct
34:05as uh enlistees in the civil war yeah douglas was so committed to the cause that his sons were his
34:14first recruits this is charles is my great great grandfather and then this would be my great great
34:20great uncle lewis charles in particular was the first black man in new york to enlist charles became
34:27ill when they were training and he never fought with the massachusetts 54th but lewis fought in the battle
34:33of fort wagner and morris island cause of abolition was so important to these two men that they would
34:42be willing to die and give up their freedom i'm really proud of that because i wonder you know if
34:49i would have had that same commitment you know that they had douglas's sons were born free but many of
34:58the
34:58200 000 african americans who fought on the side of the union had themselves been enslaved and eight
35:07months after union victory in 1865 slavery was finally abolished four million african americans began
35:17their lives as free people yet the terrible legacy of slavery racism and white supremacy would continue
35:24to divide america for generations to come frederick douglas said without struggle there is no progress
35:31and this country is undergoing a mighty struggle right now and i think that he would still be out there
35:39agitating speaking truth to power and he would expect that his descendants continue that fight
35:46continue that struggle nearly 60 years before the murder of george floyd shook the world another
35:55struggle sent shockwaves through britain and america the fight for civil rights would change the course of
36:02world history in america and certainly in the american south the past is never really passed history is not
36:16dead it's alive and it's very much alive in the lives of black americans today for americans in the north
36:25and south the abolition of slavery heralded the start of a new era african americans served in government
36:32positions and became members of congress but in 1877 a decade of progress came to an abrupt end when the
36:41last remaining federal troops were withdrawn from the south everything that we fought for was rolled back
36:49it was all rolled back it was all rolled back segregation intimidation and racial violence took hold
36:57in america's deep south ending slavery on the books is one thing but once that happens
37:06what's next barriers were placed in the way obstacles were placed in the way
37:12and so by the time you have a rosa parks black people had gained this mentality of
37:19no more after civil rights campaigner rosa parks refused to give up her seat on a bus in montgomery
37:27alabama public attention around the globe was drawn to the injustice of segregation rosa parks was tired
37:35of the oppression the exploitation being treated in an inhumane way the injustice caught the attention of
37:42many including a young martin luther king jr daddy taught that we will triumph
37:51not over people but over injustice and over hate let all of us be calm and reasonable
38:00we can integrate the buses montgomery with no difficulty during the montgomery bus protest is when he started
38:10articulating this as non-violence in december 1955 40 000 african-american passengers boycotted the buses
38:2113 months later the u.s supreme court ruled that montgomery's buses should be desegregated
38:28the montgomery bus boycott demonstrated that grass roots activism could lead to real and sustained change
38:36and its success rippled across the world the legacy of slavery racism people are still struggling to
38:49fight against a system i mean it's huge events in america were closely followed by african caribbean
38:58migrants who arrived in britain after the second world war think about the windrush generation
39:06we were part of the british empire so you kind of go we could go to any of these other
39:12countries but
39:13we chose to come to britain my mother was one of the windrush generation there was this desperation to
39:21fit in to give your children very british sounding names but the migrants did not receive the warm
39:29welcome they had expected you know there were signs on doors saying no blacks no irish no dogs and black
39:36communities in london and nottingham were attacked by white youths by the 1960s around 3 000 african caribbean
39:46men women and children had settled in bristol among them the jamaican-born father of bristol's current mayor
39:53marvin reese the hostility towards people with black and brown skin coming into the uk uh was something
40:02that took people by surprise and they would be abused they'd be physically attacked work would have been
40:07tough to find until the 1960s there were no laws to prevent racial discrimination in britain
40:15and civil protest emerged once again there was an overt policy of not employing uh black people asian
40:24people on bristol's buses people were being absolutely excluded from economic opportunity point
40:31is that whilst we can obtain white labor in this city we intend to go on engaging white labor rather
40:40than colored labor and some white bus conductresses didn't want to work with black male drivers it's
40:47not very nice for a woman to be able to last 12 at night with a colored man is it
40:51not a white woman
40:54inspired by the success of protests in america civil rights campaigners in bristol led by youth officer
41:00paul stevenson organized a campaign to boycott the buses
41:07the bristol omnibus company lifted its color bar um i think this is going to be welcomed by colored
41:14people of the bristol and many many bristolians who came in and gave us their sympathy well the bus
41:19boycott i think was of profound importance uh not just in bristol but across the country and
41:25interestingly the day of success was the same day as i have a dream uh by martin the king 1963.
41:32three weeks later bristol omnibus company had hired its first non-white bus conductor ragbear singh
41:42people begun to get opportunity but it wasn't just about jobs on the buses because that led to the
41:47first raft of equalities act in in the uk as well in 1965 the race relations act was the first
41:55piece
41:55of legislation to prohibit racial discrimination in britain and when i look at my journey being the
42:02first african heritage mayor of any british city i have to trace my own journey back to the the fights
42:09and
42:10efforts that that happened before i was born and again bristol finds itself in this spot
42:18we have the blm rally the statue gets pulled down the world looks to bristol and you know we end
42:24up
42:24contributing to the shape and of the way the world thinks about race inequality
42:31the britain's attempts to draw a veil over those two centuries as a slave trading and a slave owning power
42:37just haven't worked this history is re-emerging into the 21st century because it was never acknowledged
42:42in the 19th and the 20th century
42:47it was the english who in their early caribbean colonies first fully institutionalized and codified
42:55racism white supremacy is an english invention
43:02that was franchised to several different countries for the next 200 years slavery was to have a huge
43:10impact around the globe the slave system created the ruins that we're still navigating this enormous
43:18global system changed the world and it changed us in the process and that history has left a bitter
43:26legacy that we're still grappling with today when you look at george floyd's death and the worldwide
43:34movement which resulted you realize that there are people today who will make sure that we do not
43:41ignore history we're told constantly black lives matter that's about america it's got nothing to do with britain
43:48it's about what we haven't been told what we don't have the opportunity of learning
43:55i'm not sure if it's possible to be a black man or woman in the usa in britain in africa
44:05and not be angry knowing what we do about our history and knowing what we face in the present
44:16back with a brand new mystery to solve our much talked about crime drama dalgleish continues with a
44:22two-part investigation thursday and friday at nine a disturbing call out for the team next who
44:28are dispatched to a churchyard in ambulance code red
44:43is
44:43in
44:43in
44:43in
44:43in
44:43in
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