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00:00there we go we have I wasn't recording this part sorry well in this case so yeah
00:08generally constructive verbs are used to well to give you this possibility to like
00:16to request for like to request for for services you know for example whenever
00:25this is very common whenever you go to to a barbershop you know or whenever you go
00:31to a hair stylist and whenever you go to a hair stylist you receive the service to
00:36get your hair cut so this is where these verbs are actually very common in order
00:42to express that idea for example let's say that you go to a hair stylist you
00:45know her or to hairdresser as well which is another word for that but I think
00:52with her dresser is more common with women you know usually men would
00:57actually go to a barber or to a hair stylist you know which is which is the
01:02the point here so in this case for example you need to get a haircut you know what
01:10is the common way in which you ask for a haircut well for example you get to the
01:15barbershop and you say I would like to get a haircut you know I would like to get a
01:20haircut that's a possibility that's okay that's a good option to to express this
01:26and I would like to get a haircut but when you want to indicate that you receive this
01:38service at a certain place or that you that you that you are going to receive
01:45this service you may want to use the causative to express the request that you
01:50are making to the hair stylist in particular so you can express it either
01:55in passive voice or in active voice I'm gonna show you both of the examples to
02:00you so for example you can say I you can actually emphasize it with adverbs as
02:06well that's another possibility I usually have my hair stylist I usually have my
02:14hair stylist I usually have my hair stylist cut my hair or do my hair you can
02:30actually use to actually use to do my hair
02:39in my preferred choice for example I usually have my hair stylist do my hair in my
02:47preferred choice so in this case it means that you are what does it means this is
02:53this is an active example an active voice how do we know that is active because you
03:00are asking directly or you are requesting directly to the person to give you the
03:08service you know I usually or you are describing to somebody else that you
03:11usually request this service to somebody in this case that someone it's the
03:16hair stylist you know that person is her stylist so I usually have my hair stylist that's
03:22the person does the person that I asked to that I asked to do my hair in my
03:28preferred choice so that's that's how we define that is active because we're
03:33acting we're asking directly we're requesting directly for the service so I
03:38usually have my hair stylist do my hair in my preferred choice you know or in my
03:45preferred style for example that's another another way to express it well that's
03:50simply the compliment right so in this case in this case it means that you are
03:58asking it means it means that you that you usually ask politely to your hair
04:07stylist to do your hair right or to style or to fix your hair right so that's or to
04:18cut your hair that's that's a point in the case that you want to make it passive
04:26well the passive usually uses the past participle verb so in this case for
04:31example you may want to use I have my hair done I have my hair done at my hair
04:40stylist or by my hair stylist if you want to indicate it remember that whenever you
04:48use the preposition at you are referring to the hair stylist as as a place where
04:53you go to get your hair done if you want to use a preposition by then you would
04:58refer to the person that makes this job you know so I have my hair done by my hair
05:06stylist so in that case you're referring to the person whenever you use at you're
05:10referring to the place which is the salon or the beauty salon or the barbershop or
05:16any other place where you can actually find a hair stylist so I have my hair done
05:22at my hair stylist or by my hair stylist you know so that's another possibility in
05:28this example it's passive voice passive voice how do we know that is passive voice
05:33because we're simply indicating the service that we receive which we can see
05:39it in the first part of the statement I have my hair done besides we're indicating
05:45it by the past participle verb of do which is done in this case you see so I have my
05:50hair done by my hair stylist so the agent that does the action comes at the end
05:57because remember that in the passive voice it the the agent that makes the action is
06:02not so important so it comes as a secondary as a secondary option you know it comes
06:08in a secondary place so that's the those are two examples in passive voice and
06:14what are we expressing what are we expressing in the passive example where in
06:19the passive example we are simply expressing we're simply expressing that we
06:24we we indicate that we receive that service that's the passive voice for you know so
06:37you see so they have the two options active voice or passive voice that's the
06:41advantage of using castatives both options are formal both options are very
06:46polite so it's up to it's up to you to choose whether to use active or passive if
06:52if you want to emphasize that you directly request by first hand face to face to the person to
07:00give you the service of giving you or or making a hairstyle for you or fixing your your hair for
07:08you you may use active voice if you simply want to describe that you receive that service
07:14and the person who did it is not important you know or is not as relevant as
07:21as you would expect as you would expect in a common description so you simply go for
07:27passive voice you know you simply describe the action but you do not emphasize that
07:32much on the person who did it so you see that's that's the main difference between
07:37these two however it's a it's a very interesting topic that it also includes the grammar rules and
07:45the functions and so on so that we are going to study a lot more about it and the other the
07:53other custody verbs that are we have have get make and let to be used as causatives right so do you
08:02have any questions so far not sure thank you that's good perfect so yeah this is this is a very common
08:10have you have you studied passive voice before David in particular yes the chair you know I
08:18studied the basket and active voice positive but it is a good option to practice again this this
08:28information yeah it's good you know sometimes the problem with passive voice is that sometimes it
08:35creates many confusions especially when when you actually want to change from one
08:41tense to another because for example you say well I know how to use passive voice in the simple
08:47person tense but then you need to change it to the simple past and there's a different rule and then
08:53you have to change it to the future but mainly we we maintain ourselves in the same structure however
09:01their rule may vary a little bit then you can actually use passive voice to express questions as
09:09well you can actually make questions for negative statements with passive voice and another important
09:14aspect of passive voice is that you have personal that's a voice which is one that's the most common that
09:21we that we that we that we usually use for example when we say this book was written by Stephen King that's
09:30the most common passive way structure that we get to know simple present tense as a voice comments
09:37common example normal example but then we have another aspect of the passive voice which is the impersonal
09:44passive voice and in the impersonal passive voice you have to use certain key expressions to use it so
09:54for example a common example with impersonal passive voice as its proper name say it is that you're not
10:01describing anyone personally but you are referring you're referring to the action or to the fact but without making
10:12allusion to somebody in particular this is very common in newspapers or on the news or in bulletin boards
10:21where where you can see some news or some articles related to journalism that describe an event or that
10:32describe an important situation that occurred in the city or it's also very common to see
10:42describe the general opinion that communities tend to have for example a very simple example here
10:53with impersonal passive voice is to simply say for example people have claims that the increasements that the
11:04the increasement of taxes is rather unfair after hosting the olympic olympic games right for example so in this case it's something that that sounds as something that you would actually read from a newspaper is like the headline or the subtitle that you would have from there so people have claimed that the increasement
11:34of taxes is rather unfair after hosting the Olympic Games, you know, so that's the point,
11:46you know, so in this case we're not referring to anyone in particular, you know, we're not
11:53referring to anyone in particular, but we're simply indicating people's opinion. In the
12:00personal passive voice, we are indicating an agent in particular, which is Stephen King,
12:04which is an author, a writer, but in the second one, which is in personal passive
12:09voice, we are not referring to anyone in specific, we are simply describing people,
12:19you know, and people, it's a general case, you see, so that's very interesting to
12:27see, that's why you call it impersonal, and in impersonal passive voice, it's very
12:32common to have these introduction phrases to describe the idea, and there are
12:41many, you know, there are many that you can use, so that's another interesting
12:45aspect with the impersonal passive voice, and it's something that changes
12:51depending, depending on the tense that you're using, so we're gonna, we're gonna
12:56study a little bit more about that, and those structures may not be so common in
13:02the daily speech, for example, when you're having a conversation with friends, you
13:06know, or at school, or in a restaurant, it may not be so common, but if you're
13:12writing an article, if you're reading the news, if you're writing, I don't know, an
13:17email, or an important report, a job, at your job, it's something worth knowing, you
13:24know, because it's gonna be really useful for you, at the moment of creating more
13:29polite statements, and more polite headlines and titles for your documents, or
13:38for, for, for anything that you may be writing, right? So, that's good.
13:47Okay, the chart, so that's, mm-hmm, it's very useful, it's, it's quite useful, we're
13:53gonna study a little bit more about that, so let's, let's check out here, where are
13:59we? Oh, I lost the top-notch, let's see, where is it, give me one second, where's the
14:04conversation, oh, here it is, so we've got here, conversation number two, so here we
14:11go, let's check it out.
14:34Okay, so there we have option number two, uh, David, what do you think in this one?
14:41So, we're talking about Caroline and her mom.
14:44Eh, at home.
14:46Okay, excellent, very good, that's good, uh, do you remember what was the conversation
14:52about, what were they, uh, discussing in this case?
14:56Yes, um, healthy food, some veggies, so I think the sentence could be, but Caroline, veggies
15:03are really good for you.
15:05Okay, excellent, very good, but Caroline, veggies, uh, are really good for you, perfect,
15:11good for you, right? So, do you remember what was the option that, uh, Caroline requested
15:19to her mom, what, what did she want, what did she want to eat?
15:25Eh, fast food, fast food, right, that's the point, you know, that's the point, which what,
15:31that's something that we were discussing as the unhealthiest option, well, unfortunately,
15:37that's a very common situation there, right? So, that's, then we have number three, uh, let's
15:43check it out, so here we go.
15:46Okay, there we go with number three, so what's, uh, what's the deal here, David? What are
16:11you here? They are in a restaurant, and it's possible to say, uh, I prefer the fisher, the fish,
16:24fish the griller, the griller fish. Okay, the grilled fish, perfect. Uh, I prefer the grilled
16:33fish, okay, I prefer, I prefer the grilled fish, excellent, very good. Another way that
16:42you have to, to express this is, for example, you can say, I'll go, you know, I'll go for
16:48the grilled fish. It doesn't necessarily mean that you are going to, that you are going to
16:54go to the supermarket to buy grilled fish. That's not, that's not the context. In this
16:59case, I'll go is that, uh, it has a connotation, the context of your decision, you know, so I'll
17:07decide, I will go, I will choose, you know, that's another way. That's, uh...
17:13I have a question to share. Also, we can use, in this case, for example, I, I'll have the
17:20waiter, the grilled fish. Uh, well, in that case, you will need the verb, yes, because that
17:27would be, uh, a good constructive example, but in this case, you have, I will, I will have,
17:32I will have the waiter, I will have the waiter, in this case, you need the verb. The verb, in
17:37this case, could be, I will have the waiter serve, you know, I will have the waiter, the
17:43waiter prepare, I will have the waiter, um, uh, show us, you know, I will show us, like,
17:52like, to, to show what, what the options are in order to, to choose an option from the menu,
17:57but, yes, order, you know, mm-hmm, I'll have the waiter serve, I will have the waiter prepare,
18:04I will have the waiter, uh, order, um, uh, grilled, grilled fish, uh, for, uh, for our, our dinner,
18:17for our dinner, that's, we have scheduled, scheduled for next week, for example, right?
18:27Let's say that we have make, that we have made a reservation in a restaurant, and I'll have
18:32the waiter serve, prepare, or order grilled fish for our dinner, that we have scheduled
18:37for next week. That's, that would be, uh, a good example of custody, perfect. Yes.
18:43Okay. So that you are, you are requesting, right? You are asking, you are, um, uh, yes,
18:50you are making the, the, the order, you know, the reservation, the, the agreement with the waiter,
18:57the waiter, that's the food that is intended to be served in that meeting, it's, that we
19:04have a schedule, it's, uh, a grilled fish, right? Excellent. So we have, uh, the last one,
19:10let's listen to the last one right here. Here we go.
19:16Conversation four.
19:19Is there anything good to eat?
19:21You bet there is. There's cheese, eggs, butter, and some really nice lettuce.
19:30Right, so, what do you think here for this option, David?
19:34I think they are at home.
19:36They are at home, okay. So, similarly we have three options at home, right?
19:41Uh, three, two, three, and four, so the last one is at home, too. The couple is at home,
19:48so we have, it's possible that she's going to say, we have terrific, uh, what do you think
19:53is the option here?
19:55Let's eat an amulet and a salad, I'm really hungry.
19:59Okay, let's eat an amulet and salad, let's eat an amulet and salad, I'm really hungry.
20:08Another, uh, good option that you have here to express hungry, it's, uh, yeah, I'm hungry.
20:13You know, you can also say, I'm famished. Famished is when you're really hungry.
20:18You know, it's a, it's a little bit, it could actually mean the same, but famished is a little bit more formal.
20:24You know, hungry is the option that you use with, with your friends, you know, with, you know, in an informal context,
20:30but, I'm famished is a little bit more formal if you want to alternate the word.
20:35Or, um, you also have, I'm starving, you know, I'm starving, I'm starving.
20:42I'm starving, it means that you are extremely hungry, you know?
20:47Agree.
20:48You are extremely hungry.
20:50Or, there's another expression which is like, uh, an idiomatic expression which, it's like to say, I could, I could eat a horse.
20:59You know, that's another expression in the way that you want to express that you are really, really hungry.
21:05Starving could mean that you have, uh, that you have, uh, restricted from food from several days,
21:14so you are really, uh, starving, or that you have been isolated in an island, for example,
21:21and then, when you come back to the city, you say, I'm starving, I need, uh, chicken, or I need a hamburger, or something to eat,
21:28so you're really eager for eating something, so I'm starving.
21:33However, you can actually use it in an exaggerated way, you know, with your friends, like, uh, let's go something to eat,
21:40I'm starving, because I only had breakfast this day, and it's 8pm already, and I haven't had lunch yet,
21:45so you can say, I'm starving, you know, because there has been many hours, uh, without eating anything, you know?
21:54And, uh, another option is that you can say, I'm ravenous.
21:59I'm ravenous, that's another way to say that you're hungry, I'm ravenous, but ravenous means that, uh, as, um,
22:07you're almost desperate for eating, you know? That's a little bit more exaggerated.
22:11But, yeah, you can use it in, in particular contexts, you know?
22:17Okay, teacher, yeah.
22:19So, that's the point. Those are some options of the vocabulary today.
22:23So, that's, uh, what we have for today. Uh, David, do you have any other questions so far?
22:29No, teacher, everything is...
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