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Transcripción
00:00Hey Rachel, what are you doing?
00:02I'm uploading a video.
00:04What kind of camcorder do you have?
00:06It's a Vista, but I need a new one. Mine's obsolete. Any suggestions?
00:12What about the Alton? I hear the MX-2 is great, and it's inexpensive.
00:18Really?
00:19You know, I'm going shopping at the mall after work. Would you like to come along?
00:23Listen and repeat in the pauses.
00:32Pretty good.
00:35Great.
00:39Terrific.
00:42Awesome.
00:47Listen again and repeat in the pauses.
00:51Then practice the conversation model with a partner.
00:56Hey Rachel, what are you doing?
01:03I'm uploading a video.
01:12What kind of camcorder do you have?
01:21It's a Vista, but I need a new one.
01:26Mine's obsolete.
01:28Any suggestions?
01:40What about the Alton?
01:41I hear the MX-2 is...
01:43It's a Vista, but I need a new...
01:49It's a Vista.
01:58Hey Rachel, what...
01:59So we're going to check for the intonation details here.
02:05We're going to try to...
02:07To repeat, to follow the pronunciation after each one of the statements.
02:11So here we go.
02:12What are you doing?
02:16Partner.
02:17Pauses.
02:19Then practice the conversation model with a partner.
02:23Hey Rachel, what are you doing?
02:30I'm uploading a video.
02:31What kind of camcorder do you have?
02:50It's a Vista, but I need a new one.
02:53Mine's obsolete.
02:55Any suggestions?
02:55Any suggestions?
03:01What about the Alton?
03:09I hear the MX-2 is great.
03:11And it's inexpensive.
03:24Really?
03:27You know, I'm going shopping at the mall after work.
03:30Would you like to come along?
03:43So there we go here.
03:44So as we can see here, we can check out that there are some interesting questions.
03:49You know, like in this case, whenever we ask, what are you doing?
03:53We can notice that, what are you doing?
03:55It's a rather informal option to ask, how are you?
03:58You know, so that by choosing one of these interactions, it helps you not to sound so formal.
04:05You know, but what are you doing?
04:06What are you up to?
04:07There are some other expressions that are very similar to this one.
04:10For instance, what are you up to?
04:13That's one, you know, so what's new?
04:19What's new, you know?
04:21How has it been so far?
04:25How has it been so far?
04:26You know, there are different expressions in which we can actually greet someone, especially
04:31when this person is at the office and we don't want to be so, like, so formal.
04:37You know, we tend to keep the things a little bit more relaxed, so we use a more relaxed vocabulary.
04:44So, here it says, I'm uploading a video, which is, there are some other verbs that are very useful.
04:50Other verb that we can use here is to share, you know, to upload, to share.
04:57So, what kind of camcorder do you have in this expression?
05:01Camcorder, we have, we have a short, a shorter word for camrecorder, you know, camrecorder.
05:11So, we have camcorder, which comes really handy whenever we don't want to sound so serious, you know,
05:17whenever we want to be a little bit more informal.
05:21So, that's really practical.
05:22So, we have, it's a vista, but I need a new one.
05:26Mine's obsolete.
05:28Any suggestions?
05:29So, here we have a new adjective, which is obsolete, in order to describe something that is not up to date anymore.
05:36So, remember that, up to date, the word up to date, all of that simple word, it's an adjective here.
05:44So, obsolete would be the opposite, you know, so it's really practical to use this.
05:50What about the Alton?
05:51I hear the MX2 is great, and it's inexpensive.
05:55Really?
05:56You know, I'm gone shopping at the mall after work.
05:59Would you like to come along?
06:01Here we have another interesting phrasal verb here, to come along, you know, to come along.
06:08To come along means to accompany this person to this place, you know, to go with this person,
06:13to visit this place, you know, to help him or her to choose whatever he or she is planning to do, you know.
06:21So, that's really important, or whatever he's planning to buy, or to choose, or to compare, you know.
06:28That's whenever we go to a mall or to a store, it's really common that we tend to compare stuff
06:33before we actually make a decision on buying something, you know.
06:37So, come along.
06:38Come along.
06:39It's to come with me, you know, to go with that person in order to help her to choose the best option for her,
06:49in this case, for this person.
06:51So, here we have this interesting dialogue.
06:53We're going to use this dialogue to create three more interactions, you know.
06:57I'm going to send you this dialogue to the WhatsApp group so that we can create more interactions in a second.
07:02But here we have a description about the present continuous.
07:06So, this may seem a little bit basic, you know, something like a quick review about the present continuous,
07:12but we have to remember that there are so many interesting functions that we can use with the present continuous.
07:20especially because the present continuous can be used to express the future, you know, with certain verbs.
07:37There are many verbs that you can actually use with present continuous in order to make a plan
07:45and that has a future context, you know, so, for example, let me show you some good examples here of this
07:56in a blank sheet, you know, in a blank page, so that we can see this clearly.
08:04For example, here we can use the present continuous.
08:09To express future plans or arrangements, you know, so in this case we use the present continuous to refer to the future when we talk about plans and arrangements that have already been made.
08:39things that we have already planned, you know, things that we have already planned, you know, things that we have already planned with certain anticipation.
08:55So, which is very important, you know, this is quite important because there are so many aspects that we can actually describe, you know, prior to some events
09:05events that we also know that we also know that they could possibly occur, you know, so this is a very, a very useful function.
09:20So, we have some of the point here that present continuous can refer to the future, which is some of the details that is not very common to mention
09:31because we tend to use the present continuous in a kind of a progressive tense, in a kind of a progressive sense in which we simply describe progressive actions or continuous actions that are not always expressing a future, but rather they are focused, they are completely focused on the actions that are occurring in this very moment, which is the most common function that we know.
09:57And that's okay, you know, that's okay, but the present continuous has many other functions to use, not to mention that the gerund, the verbs that we use with gerunds, can also be used as subjects or objects in the grammar English, you know, in the English grammar, sorry.
10:13So, the continuous verbs, or the continuous words expressed by the suffix of the ing, can also be used to, can also be used as a subject or as an object.
10:31For example, generally, generally, in an example with the person continuous, we have, we are cooking dinner, we are cooking dinner, as we will have some visitors tonight, for example.
10:46So, the continuous statement is this one, you know, we're cooking dinner, but cooking, in this case, is the verb, is the action.
10:56However, the gerund, in English, can be used differently, depending on the context, for example, we can use a gerund as a subject, and this is, for instance, cooking is one of the most demanding professions, or, let's say, abilities.
11:18Cooking is one of the most demanding abilities in the world, so, in this case, despite the fact that we're using a gerund here, this does not have the category of a verb, a continuous verb.
11:34In this case, this ing is defined as a subject, this is going to be our subject of the statement, that's why we're using the ing.
11:43So, in the first example, in the green one, this, it's a verb, you know, it's a verb, we're cooking dinner.
11:51How do we know this? Because the ing, it's being conjugated with the verb to be, so that means that this is a secondary action, or the main action, but actually it is described through the verb to be.
12:06It's conjugation, it's conjugation, it's acquired, or defined, by the verb to be, unlike in the second example, here, the ing, it's mainly a subject, and a subject means that is the main part of your statement, the principal part of your statement.
12:26But in this case, we don't have the verb to be, that is helping to conjugate this word, because in this case, it's not a verb, in this case, it's a subject.
12:37So, how do we know that? Because it is isolated at the beginning of the statement.
12:42We do have the verb to be right here, but this is simply to define the tense of the statement, but it's not, it's not being used to conjugate this word.
12:52This word is simply the subject, you know, as we can see this in many other examples.
12:57For example, reading, reading is one of the most important, let's say, strategies to learn English.
13:12For example, in this case, reading, as well as we did with cooking, it's a subject, it's playing the role of a subject.
13:20So, as we can see here, the gerund is very practical, because it can be used differently in different statements.
13:28We can use the ing words as verbs in the percent continuous tense, or we can use them as subjects to begin a statement.
13:37These statements can also begin, or can also be started with an infinitive, although using an infinitive, it's a little bit more formal, and a little bit more uncommon, you know, a little bit less common in this case.
13:56For example, if we say, to cook is one of the most demanding abilities in the world, so the word to cook, it's our main subject, but in this case we're using an infinitive as a subject.
14:13However, this can be done, but it's a lot more formal, and it's mainly used in written English, not, it's not very common in speaking, you know, it's not very common in speaking or spoken English.
14:27It's way more common to use it in written English, you know, like whenever you write an essay, or an email, or a form, or a memorandum for your boss, or something like that, you know, some written aspect, or some written format,
14:45format, when you actually want to be a lot more polite, a lot more formal, so you can use an infinitive to express, or to begin your statement with a subject.
14:56But, if it's not the case, and you're commonly having a conversation with someone, the option with the gerund is the way to go, that's the option that would better fit to this kind of idea that you're trying to express, you know, in this particular function.
15:13So, cooking is our main subject of our statement right here, so cooking is one of the most demanding abilities in the world, reading is one of the most important strategies to learn English, or we can also have, for example, running improves your health greatly.
15:33So, that we have another gerund, so that we have another gerund that is being used as a subject, you know, so as we can see here, this is very practical.
15:44So, certainly the ing in English has many functions, these could also be used as an object, you know, for example, whenever you use a gerund as an object,
15:56a gerund as an object, is for example, when we have a main verb that is being conjugated with this subject, and eventually we add the object with a gerund.
16:08For instance, many people believe that running improves your health greatly, so in this case, many people is a subject, you know, a very subjective subject,
16:23because people could refer to anyone out there.
16:29So, many people believe that running improves your health greatly, so in this case, we've got the object as the gerund, you know, in this case the gerund is the object right here,
16:57because the main statement, the main statement here, it's many people, I mean, the main subject of our statement is many people.
17:08The verb is believe. Many people believe, and believe what? Believe that we're using a relative pronoun to connect our phrase,
17:18in this case, in this case, in this case, in this case, many people believe that, remember that also that could also be used as a demonstrative adjective, you know,
17:32but in this case, it's a relative pronoun, so that means that that can be used as a demonstrative adjective,
17:45but it is also a relative pronoun, you know, so a relative pronoun means like a form of a conjunction where you can relate your ideas to that, to that pronoun,
18:04and it helps you to link, or to extend the idea in a more detailed way, as we can see here, so many people believe that running improves your health greatly, you know,
18:16so running, it's a gerund, but in this case, it's not a subject, and nor a progressive verb, but an object.
18:25In this case, this word is making the function of an object, so let's have another example here, for instance, when you say,
18:32Emma and Victor consider, consider buying, consider buying a new television for their living room.
18:48So, in this case, the verb consider, it's a very interesting case here, because consider it's always followed by gerunds,
18:59but in this case, the gerund, it's a complementary element to your main idea, to your main action,
19:06so buying, as a secondary verb, as we could say here in quotation, mainly acts as an object, as in the previous example,
19:15so in this case, we also have an object, Emma and Victor consider buying, the main verb is consider,
19:22so what do they consider? They consider buying, but in this case, we shall never use to, to buy, because that's another reason,
19:31that consider, consider, won't ever be used with infinitives, you know, it will never be used with infinitives,
19:43so that's, that's something worth remembering, so that's the point, but for example, we have, let's say,
19:52Robert thinks that, uh, that playing, that playing loud music could annoy, could annoy his neighbors, for example,
20:12Robert thinks that playing loud music could annoy his neighbors, so Robert is very considerate, you know,
20:21so Robert thinks that playing loud music could annoy his neighbors, so Robert thinks is the main verb,
20:27now, the object of this statement is playing, playing loud music, in, in its whole, you know, as a whole context,
20:36so playing loud music could annoy his neighbors, so playing, as well as in the previous examples,
20:42it's making the function of an object, so you see, it's very, it's very practical to, to notice and to see different, uh, cases with, uh, with a gerund,
20:54so in this case, for example, uh, a very common mistake is to see that, or to think, that whenever we use a gerund,
21:06we're always talking in a progressive tense, and that's not the case, you know, the gerund can be used differently in, uh, in the English,
21:14for example, you even have, you can even have verbs that actually have a, a gerund, an ing, for example, amazing, thrilling, uh, frightening, you know,
21:27so there are many adjectives that you can have with, uh, with, uh, ing, and, uh, the ing does not necessarily mean that you are,
21:39that you are using a gerund, it's simply the adjective that ends in ing, you know, so, in this case,
21:47the present continuous, we're gonna write this section, different ways to, uh, use gerunds,
21:56so that's the point, we're gonna, we're gonna send, uh, some, some, um, screenshots here to the, uh, to the WhatsApp group
22:10of our lesson today, so that you can, you can, uh, take some notes, you can study this a little bit better, um,
22:21any time you need it, David, you know, so that's, that's gonna be really practical,
22:27and, uh, let me send you, what is it, well, we're gonna, we're gonna extend this a little bit more,
22:34so let's check it out, so the present continuous can refer to, uh, the future, and that's, it's not as if you were speaking in future, literally,
22:43but there are certain verbs that you can actually use in the, in the present continuous to express future,
22:49for example, the verb, the verb, uh, leave, stay, you know, plan, uh, consider, uh, think, um, uh, recall, uh, what else, um, uh, call,
23:07there are different verbs, or even the verb play, uh, in the context of a game, or in the context of, uh, a role play,
23:16or, or, for example, a play, you know, you know, a play in the theater, or, for example, uh, let's say a concert,
23:26because play is also used in music, you know, so the present continuous can refer to the future,
23:32or the verb, uh, visit, let's make an example with visit to express future,
23:37hmm, for example, a, a common present continuous example using visit, uh, it's something that you would say, like, like this,
23:48we're visiting, we're visiting Las Vegas, you know, so that, that sounds present continuous, but
23:55whenever you use visit with ing, it's more common to use it to express a future plan, for example,
24:01for example, so we're visiting, we're visiting Las Vegas this summer, we think, we think that it'll be
24:13an unforgettable, an unforgettable experience, so that we have a good example, so we're visiting Las Vegas this summer,
24:22but right now we're in winter, you know, or in autumn, so this, in this example we're projecting that we're
24:30doing this, that we're visiting Las Vegas this summer, that we're looking forward to doing this,
24:36uh, but not necessarily it, this action is taking place right now, this action is not being done right now,
24:43so we're visiting Las Vegas this summer, so it's a projection in the future of our plans that we have
24:49already made, or the plans that we may be organizing somehow, so, um, this is a good example of how to use
24:56person continuous to express a future or to refer to the future, um, for example, the verb take as well,
25:04I am taking the train to Paris tomorrow, I'm taking the train to Paris tomorrow, so in this case we're using the verb take,
25:13so this can, this can also be used, um, this can only be used with certain and particular verbs in English,
25:23because, for example, if you, if you use the verb wants, that's not possible, because want expresses a desire
25:31that you have, you know, a motivation, a conviction that you want something, that you want to get something,
25:37so want shall never be used with mg, because that may sound a little bit strange, for example, if you say,
25:45if you say, I am wanting to go to Paris, that's, that's not correct, you know, not correct, that's not right,
25:53that's not correct, that's a no-no, you know, because this is, this is an error, a grammatical error,
25:59so that's, that's not possible, because in one you express a desire, you express an opinion or a perception,
26:06you saw, you show your conviction towards something in particular, which, um, in this case is not correct.
26:14There are some verbs in the present continuous, or some verbs in English, that are considered stative verbs,
26:21and this is one of them, you know, stative, stative verb, this is an stative verb, what does it mean?
26:27It means that the verb is, it's, uh, standard, it's, uh, fixated to a particular function, you know,
26:35it cannot be, uh, changed in a progressive tense. There are some people that actually change this verb
26:42into a progressive tense, but that's only in the very informal cases, very particular cases,
26:49and this is commonly seen in, uh, the streets English, you know, in the street English,
26:54or in very informal English, that you could actually see on streets, or from gangs, you know, in the,
27:01in the, in these dangerous neighborhoods from the United States, you know, like in Los Angeles,
27:06or in New York City, where you can see all of these, um, uh, restricted communities, you know,
27:14or limited communities, where people speak rather informally, but, uh, in, in a formal English,
27:23in a formal English, this is not possible, you know, wanting is not the case. The same occurs,
27:29the same occurs with, for example, um, let's say, for instance, with the verb like, you know,
27:45with the verb like, you don't say liking, I am liking this food, no, because like, it's to express an opinion
27:52or a perception of something, instead of like, you may use enjoy, you know, enjoy, can be used with, uh,
28:00with gerunds, without any problems, but like, like is not the case, you know, like, it's simply to express
28:07a preference, or to express sympathy for someone or something, but not to be used with gerunds.
28:14There is, however, there is a word which is liking, but in this case, liking is not a verb, in this case,
28:23liking, it's, it's a noun, you know, liking is a noun, which is a synonym to preference or taste.
28:32For example, when people say, I hope, when you receive a give, or when you give a give, and you, and you,
28:39like in Christmas, you know, for example, and you say, I hope this time may be of your liking.
28:48So liking, it's a noun, you know, it means to preference, it means to, uh, to your taste, you know, to your taste.
29:00So that's, uh, that's a point, you know, so a preference and a taste.
29:15I hope this time may be of your liking, or for example, I hope this movie may be of your liking,
29:25it's like saying maybe of your preference, you know, so it's, we have to be very careful with this,
29:31because this could easily be mistaken for the verb like, but it's not the case.
29:35Like it's simply a verb to express, a verb to express a preference or, um, an opinion, you know, an opinion of something.
29:46The perception that you have towards something, to show that, uh, uh, there is something that, um,
29:53that makes you feel, uh, good, that's something that, that you like, you know, I like basketball, I like, uh,
30:00I like food, junk food, I like popcorn, I like parks, I like nature, to express an opinion.
30:07But that's an stated verb, the same as it is with want, but we do not add ing to make it a progressive,
30:14because that's not possible.
30:16Some people use it, but, in very informal English, but not in, in, in, in the correct sense of grammar,
30:25you know, in the correct aspect of grammar.
30:27So those are some, some interesting things.
30:30Uh, so we have to be very careful with that, because not all the verbs can be used in progressive tenses,
30:36or, even less, um, not all the verbs can be used to express future using a gerund, you know,
30:44a continuous, uh, a continuous verb, as we see here.
30:48So, these are the most common ones that we use to express future by using an ing.
30:55We're visiting Las Vegas this summer with saying that it will be an unforgettable experience,
31:00or, for example, I'm taking the train to Paris tomorrow, that's another one,
31:05you know, the second example that we have here.
31:08Or, for instance, we can say, uh, my cousins are staying, are staying in our home for another week.
31:22So, um, so we're, we're gonna write a compliment right here.
31:28My cousins are staying in our home for another week.
31:31So you see, that we have a gerund, but the gerund is to express the future.
31:36So the future that the cousins are going to stay for more time.
31:41Of course, in this case, you can also use, uh, the future with going to, to express a plan, or even will.
31:49You know, if you want to be more dynamic.
31:52But the best way, uh, in these options is, well, this, this option that we have here on screen,
31:59which is using gerunds in, uh, in the way to express future using present continuous.
32:08My cousins are staying in our home for another week.
32:13Hmm, and then we're gonna add a compliment.
32:15So, we're, we're planning, we're planning our trip, we're planning our trip to the lake.
32:23To the lake for the next weekend.
32:27You know, there we have another example now, with the verb planning.
32:32So the verb planning, through the verb planning, we're describing the, uh, the future plan that
32:40we have, as well with, with the verb staying.
32:43You know, staying describes the future.
32:48So there are different, many different aspects that we can, that we can study with the INGs and the gerunds.
32:54Uh, for example, here, uh, if we make an example with, uh, with call.
33:00You know, call is very simple to understand, because we call people all the time.
33:04You know, for example, if I say, uh, I am going to call you, to call you tomorrow.
33:11You know, I'm going to call you tomorrow, which is good.
33:13You know, it's, it's part of a plan.
33:15However, it sounds very informal.
33:18Very, very formal, sorry.
33:20Very formal.
33:21But if you want to sound a little bit more relaxed, you know, you can also say, uh, I'm calling you.
33:26I'm calling you tomorrow night.
33:29So it's a little bit more dynamic.
33:31You know, more dynamic option.
33:33More dynamic option here.
33:34I'm calling you tomorrow night.
33:36So that means that you're anticipating to, uh,
33:40the action that is going to be, that is going to take place tomorrow night.
33:44Which is calling, you know, I'm calling you tomorrow night.
33:47So that's, that's future.
33:49But, it's a future expressed through the present continuous tense.
33:57Right?
33:58Which is very practical.
33:59I'm calling you tomorrow.
34:00We're living in two hours.
34:02We're living in two hours.
34:05You know?
34:06Um, let's say,
34:09Um, uh, she's taking a flight.
34:13She's taking a, she's taking a flight.
34:15Um, at 4 a.m.
34:18She's taking a flight at 4 a.m.
34:21So, it's like saying she will take a flight or she's going to take a flight.
34:25Or she's taking a flight in, in two hours.
34:29You know?
34:30You know?
34:31She's taking a flight in two hours.
34:32You know?
34:33So, reassure that, uh, her, her luggage, her luggage, uh, contains everything that she needs.
34:47You know?
34:48You know?
34:49She's taking a flight in two hours.
34:50You know?
34:51She's taking a flight in two hours.
34:52So, reassure that her luggage contains everything that she needs.
34:54Or that she's got everything ready before she boards onto the plane.
34:59You know?
35:00Be sure, be sure to check out that she's got everything ready before she boards onto the plane.
35:12You know?
35:13That's an example.
35:14That's simply a context to add further information to this statement.
35:19So that we can understand a little bit more of the context.
35:22But she's taking a flight in two hours.
35:25Express the future.
35:26You know?
35:27So that's, that's a really practical option.
35:30So we're gonna continue studying this.
35:32You know?
35:33As well with our, with our section in our book related to present continuous.
35:39Because there are so many options that we are, that we can study from these.
35:43We can check many different examples.
35:46We're gonna check some dialogues here to complement this information.
35:50But that's something that we will continue work, that we will continue working on the next week.
35:56Right?
35:57So, well that's, that's gonna be it for today, David.
36:00I hope that this may have been of, of good help.
36:03I hope that you have a good day at work.
36:06And if you have any questions, please do not hesitate on sending me a message.
36:13And, and we will continue practicing this.
36:17Right?
36:18So, thank you very much.
36:20And, well, I hope that you have a good day.
36:22I'm gonna send you the recording in a couple of minutes.
36:25And I will see you around.
36:27Okay?
36:28So that's good.
36:29Okay.
36:30That's fine.
36:31We'll see you in the next one.
36:32We'll see you in the next one.
36:34So, thank you very much.
36:35Okay.
36:36We'll see you in the next one.
36:37We'll see you in the next one.
36:38We'll see you in the next one.
36:39It goes, hello?
36:40It says we're gonna send you off
36:41All theunciations.
36:42From here to us.
36:43We'll see you in the next one.
36:45Oh, hello.
36:46We can do it.
36:47So, thank you guys.
36:48You too.
36:49It says no, no.
36:51Good.
36:52We're gonna be ready.
36:53I'm going to be ready.
36:54Oh!
36:55We'll see you in the next two.
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