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00:00Welcome to a new episode of the University of Mexico.
00:29In the third class of our online Bible School, we will delve into the literary dimension and be able to better discern the entire narrative of the Gospel of Matthew, the accounts of the conception and birth of Jesus.
00:49Brothers, the infancy Gospel was not part of the early apostolic preaching, since the apostles proclaimed above all the resurrection of Jesus closely linked to his passion and death.
01:07The witnesses of his public life, the apostles, recounted the deeds and words of the Master from the baptism of John until the ascension.
01:21However, as time went on, Christians felt the need to know more about the life of their Lord.
01:30If we take into account that Paul affirmed that Jesus had begun to be the Lord and Son of God from the resurrection, when the Father seated Jesus at his right hand, we discover a process that advances this key moment to earlier stages.
01:55Mark has a broader understanding of Paul's statement, for he believed that Jesus began to manifest himself as Lord, Son of God, and Messiah at the moment of his baptism, when God proclaimed Christ's status as he emerged from the waters of the Jordan.
02:20But brothers, this is where the theologies of Matthew and Luke come in, while Paul professes faith in the Lordship of Jesus from the resurrection and Mark from the baptism.
02:37The other synoptic gospels will say that Jesus already showed himself as Lord, Son of God and Messiah from the moment of his birth, as was revealed to Joseph in the Gospel of Matthew, and as was declared to Mary according to the vision of Luke.
02:58Brothers, but to complete this picture, the fourth Gospel, the one we attribute to John, will tell us that from before the creation of the world, in the very bosom of God, the word already existed,
03:14And it was that word spoken by God that was the architect of all creation.
03:22Therefore, the narratives about the childhood of Jesus offered by Matthew and Luke are part of this effort to demonstrate that Jesus was always what the church proclaims of Him: Lord, Son of God, and Messiah Savior.
03:42The Gospel of the Infancy offered to us by Saint Matthew belongs, therefore, to a later stratum of this work, and presupposes, therefore, a deeper and more developed theological reflection, which required the author to update ancient sacred texts.
04:07Matthew's Infancy Gospel opens with the genealogy of Jesus Christ, followed by a narrative that is justified by a text from the Holy Scriptures.
04:22These are texts of compliance. Let us recall the added value to a person in ancient times, when the dignity of an individual was taken into account, which came from their family tree.
04:40A man's honor was based not only on his actions or on the dignity and good reputation of his family, but also on the parents who had given rise to the family group to which the man belonged.
04:56But, brothers, for Matthew there can be no better roots than those founded on Abram, the father of the Jewish people, and on David, the king who acted according to God's heart and who was faithful to the divine will.
05:14But, in addition, the first word of the Gospel speaks of the origins of Jesus, but for this the author uses the Greek term Genesis, which designates the first book of the Jewish Scripture.
05:32Matthew wants to present the origin of Jesus and his life as a new creation, of greater importance than that of the Old Testament.
05:44This book about the origins of Jesus, the Messiah, aims to answer the fundamental question of all the evangelists.
05:56Who is Jesus?
05:59Well, brothers, the book of Genesis of Jesus proves that he is the son of David and Abram.
06:07By mentioning Abram, Matthew is thinking of the promise of blessing that God offered to all peoples through the patriarch.
06:19And by presenting David as the other great father of Jesus, the author is thinking of the promise God made to the king that his kingdom and his throne would be established forever.
06:33Matthew believes that these two promises made to David and Abram are fully and perfectly fulfilled in Jesus.
06:45Let us remember that these childhood passages are reflections made after the resurrection.
06:55Therefore, the evangelist sees the promises fulfilled in Jesus.
07:01Through his death, he bestowed God's blessing upon all the peoples of the earth.
07:09And by sitting down at the right hand of God in heaven, he has established forever a kingdom of David that will never end.
07:20For Matthew, Jesus is the ultimate heir to the divine throne.
07:26This contributes to Jesus being considered Messiah or anointed one, as a descendant of the king.
07:37However, this anointing, as Mark already told us, was carried out through the spirit that descended upon Christ at his baptism.
07:49But brothers, this spirit, according to Matthew's vision, was already at work when, by his grace, Jesus was conceived virginally in Mary's womb.
08:03The fact that Joseph is not the biological father of Jesus does not prevent Jesus from having the rights and prerogatives of the Davidic dynasty.
08:15Because when Joseph married Mary and gave Jesus the name the angel had given him,
08:22Jesus became the son of Joseph and the heir of David.
08:28The following narrative aims to explain how Jesus was conceived.
08:35since Matthew has made it clear that Joseph is not the biological father of the child.
08:41The author's answer makes us think of the spirit that at the beginning of creation fluttered over the waters.
08:52Just as God created things with his word alone and through his spirit,
09:00Thus now this spirit will give life in Mary's womb to Jesus, the Son of the Most High God.
09:09Let us now turn to the story about the wise men from the East who came to worship Jesus.
09:15But to understand this story, it is important to remember, first of all, that the author of Matthew was addressing his gospel to Jewish-Christian readers.
09:27who are in the process of assimilating members from paganism into their Christian community.
09:34According to Paul's accounts in his letters to the Galatians and Romans,
09:41as well as in the book of the Acts of the Apostles,
09:45It posed a greater difficulty than we can imagine.
09:51Matthew does not concern himself with narrating the circumstances of Jesus' birth.
09:57He takes it as a given.
09:59Jesus was born in Bethlehem of Judea.
10:01The belief of the early Christian community about the birth of Jesus in Bethlehem is firm.
10:11The evangelist adds that this event occurred in the time of King Herod.
10:19And as we know, Herod the Great reigned over the entire region of Palestine from 37 to 4 BC.
10:29Historians place the birth of Jesus between 7 and 6 BC.
10:38because they take into account that the birth took place while Herod was still alive.
10:44Furthermore, in order for the persecution of Jesus and the death of the innocent children two years old and under to occur,
10:54It is necessary that Jesus was born at least two years before the death of the Idumean monarch.
11:02Matthew is more interested in highlighting the significance of the events than in recounting them in their precise details.
11:14This is fundamental if we take into account that Matthew is using biblical typology to present the life of Jesus.
11:25And this is evident when considering the life of Jesus, who is at risk of dying at the hands of Herod.
11:33in parallel with the life of Moses, who risks dying at the hands of the pharaoh
11:40who annihilates Hebrew children to prevent the people from multiplying dangerously.
11:48For the second time, the angel of the Lord appeared to Joseph in a dream,
11:55who will give him some instructions,
11:59just as he did to prevent Joseph from abandoning Mary when he learned of her pregnancy.
12:06In the Old Testament, sleep was presented as a very opportune moment for direct revelations from God.
12:16In Bethel, Jacob dreamed of the ladder that connected the world to heaven.
12:24But the quintessential character who guides his life through divine dreams is named Joseph, Jacob's favorite son.
12:36Thus, Joseph is the model on which Matthew presents the life of Joseph, the husband of Mary and father of Jesus.
12:46Brothers, Matthew wants to discreetly present Joseph, Mary's husband, as a new patriarch open to divine communication during sleep.
13:01Once awake, Joseph fulfills the word given by the angel.
13:06This is the most important thing: to obey or do God's will.
13:12The following data, although not entirely historical, may have some historical basis given Herod's tendencies.
13:24especially towards the end of his life, seeing competitors to his throne in almost everyone around him.
13:32So, at least, the death of the innocents presents Jesus again as the new Moses who lives by divine grace and to fully accomplish God's will.
13:47Regarding the episode of the return from Egypt, Matthew sees in the Holy Family an image of the Israelites who went down to that country to escape the famine that was happening at that time.
14:03Israel settled in Egypt and lived there until it became a great nation.
14:11But the Egyptians subjected the people to hard labor and slavery.
14:17They were only able to go free thanks to God's intervention through Moses.
14:25Upon leaving Egypt, God guided his people to the promised land, and Joshua carried out this event.
14:33The servant and disciple of Moses.
14:37Matthew's theology links Jesus again with Moses and Joshua, since Moses leads the Jewish people out of Egypt.
14:47And Joshua brings him into the land that God promised to Abraham.
14:53And as we already know, the name Jesus is another way of writing the name Joshua.
14:59Thus Matthew presents Jesus as the new Joshua who leads the holy people into the land of Israel,
15:09represented on this occasion by Mary and Joseph.
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