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00:05Music
00:08Music
00:27Brothers, welcome.
00:29In our last class on the literary dimension, we will delve into the final section of the
00:37controversies.
00:39As we have already emphasized on several occasions, the Pharisees with whom Jesus argues in the Gospel of Matthew,
00:46They are not the Pharisees of his time, but the Pharisees of Matthew's time.
00:51Around the year 80, those who were on their way to becoming the forerunners of the Jewish rabbis,
01:01who are still the moral and religious authority of present-day Jewish communities.
01:09Indeed, brothers, the Pharisees of Jesus' time were the group with whom Jesus most shared his vision,
01:17his theology and his points of view.
01:20Although there may have been topics or points on which the Pharisees tended to exaggerate or take to extremes
01:29extremes,
01:30especially in the desire for faithfulness to God and in obedience to Moses.
01:37In addition to this, there are the customs that the Pharisees inherited from their ancestors or parents,
01:45that Jesus considers merely human norms or laws.
01:50For our part, we also said that Jewish scribes are more of a labor guild,
01:58people who transcribe documents and, in special cases,
02:04people who, by dedicating themselves to copying the law of Moses,
02:08They became specialists or wise men who could be trusted,
02:14men who could join the Pharisee group or the Sadducee group,
02:21according to their trends and the appeal that these groups represented at the time.
02:29The first comment Jesus makes is what we might call irony or satire,
02:37since in Jewish thought the most appropriate and correct thing
02:42The thing is, whoever announces or preaches something does so because they are convinced of it.
02:49and puts it into practice, and even more so, his actions,
02:54because they correspond to each other.
02:57In contrast, Jesus says of the scribes and Pharisees
03:01that although they have sat down to teach what Moses originally communicated at Sinai,
03:08Jews can listen to and obey the words of both groups,
03:15But they cannot carry out their actions because their way of acting does not correspond to their convictions.
03:24This is where the constant hypocrisy that Matthew attributes to Jesus is prepared.
03:31The following is a series of reproaches regarding his attitudes.
03:38They are extremely radical in what they ask of people,
03:42although it cannot be compared to the exaggerations that the Sesenians imposed on the members of their groups.
03:50They like to be distinguished, receive honors and special treatment
03:56and they seek to be called rabbi or teachers.
04:01This highlights that Jesus is the only one who can be called teacher, rabbi, guide, and Christ.
04:11because every Christian will always be a disciple of Jesus,
04:16because He is the only one who truly instructs and teaches,
04:22The rest of us only share what Jesus teaches and communicates to us.
04:29Furthermore, it is here that the exclusive fatherhood of God is emphasized.
04:36He is the only one who gives life, who protects us and takes care of us,
04:42And he is the only one to whom we owe everything we have.
04:47Therefore, brothers, we call only God Father,
04:51although others can participate in his paternity if they communicate life,
04:57if they look after others and if they give everything they have for their children or those entrusted to them.
05:05The curses pronounced against the Pharisees and scribes have been established in a number of seven,
05:14although one tradition and some versions present eight
05:19when talking about the estates of widows that are robbed by these groups.
05:25The first criticism leveled at the Pharisees of Matthew's time is that they have not accepted the message of
05:34Jesus
05:34and they have threatened those who want to become Christians with expulsion from the synagogues
05:41if they recognize Jesus as the Messiah.
05:45With this attitude they refuse to believe and be saved, and they prevent others from achieving the same salvation.
05:52Furthermore, brothers, they are so extreme and they ask their followers for even greater extremism,
06:01which further distances them from the salvation offered by God in Christ.
06:07But Jesus rebukes them for not understanding that the holiness of things comes from their relationship with God,
06:17the only one who communicates holiness to everything that is consecrated in his name.
06:24In addition to taking care of very minor details in the law and enforcing mercy, justice, and faith,
06:36or who take care of the external but not the internal.
06:41He warns them that on the outside they appear righteous, but on the inside they are evil and hypocritical.
06:48And finally, brothers, Jesus rebukes them for accepting themselves as descendants of those they persecuted,
06:57They murdered and rejected God's prophets.
07:02Amid this rejection of Jesus, his group, and his preachers,
07:08The rejection that Jesus suffered from Jerusalem is included.
07:12As the capital of the Jewish faith, it's not that Jesus didn't have followers in that city.
07:20What Jesus emphasizes is that the Jews did not repent.
07:26have accepted his preaching and have joined the church he created.
07:34Eschatological discourse
07:36Jesus' final speech before his passion and death
07:40It has always had a sense of destruction,
07:44first from Jerusalem and then from the whole world.
07:49We forget that Jesus comes to preach the definitive coming of the kingdom of God
07:56that He thought was about to happen.
08:01Therefore, their interest has nothing to do with the subject matter.
08:06which the modern world calls apocalyptic or apocalypse,
08:11where everything revolves around destruction and death.
08:16When the world today talks about the apocalypse,
08:20Think of hecatombs, destruction, death and catastrophe.
08:26For Jesus, this end signifies the beginning of a new stage,
08:33stage in which God walks among his people,
08:37as a friend does among his loved ones.
08:41While the disciples were thinking about the beauty of the temple,
08:46Jesus warns them about the fate of the entire city,
08:50So they ask him for a sign that indicates the end is near.
08:57In Jesus' time, every official visit made by the authority,
09:03the emperor, one of his ambassadors, a prince, and all their preparations,
09:10It was called parousia and it can continue to happen in all historical times.
09:17In Jesus' time, there were wars, divisions, famines, earthquakes,
09:23Jesus interprets all this as the beginnings of childbirth.
09:30that is, the birth of a new life.
09:34But persecution and rejection of Jesus' disciples are also foretold.
09:41as well as the siege of the temple in Jerusalem,
09:44which will be used as the rebels' command center
09:49and later by the Roman authorities who would eventually destroy it.
09:56And finally, brothers, Jesus speaks of the great tribulation,
10:02the one we ask for in the Lord's Prayer,
10:06not to be living witnesses.
10:08His final coming will not be hidden or concealed
10:13so that someone has to announce it as true or false,
10:20but everyone will be able to witness this definitive manifestation.
10:27Now the greatness of this coming is highlighted by signs in the cosmos,
10:33which are only important to the present world,
10:38but not for the ultimate world.
10:41Jesus will be our sun,
10:44so we will no longer need the present cosmos,
10:48but we will live in a state of peace and holiness.
10:53The fig tree, brothers,
10:55It teaches us through the maturation of its leaves
10:58summer is coming,
11:01Similarly,
11:02All these signs must be a premonition.
11:06that the Lord is coming to reign.
11:09But, brothers,
11:10just as we prepare ourselves through signs,
11:13We must also do so through concrete actions
11:18of love and faithfulness to God.
11:21In this section,
11:23Jesus teaches us to be faithful
11:26as every butler should be,
11:29because the reward will be measured
11:32through faithfulness and obedience
11:35to our Lord and our master.
11:38And the reward will be sharing food at their table.
11:43in the eternal feast of divine life.
11:58Thank you!
12:07Thank you!
12:08Thank you.