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00:00We are looking forward to the new heavens and the new earth that God has promised, in which
00:12Everything will be just and good. Therefore, dear brothers and sisters, while you wait for these things, do
00:19Do everything possible so that God may find you at peace, without stain or guilt. Keep this in mind.
00:26that the patience with which our Lord treats us is for our salvation. About
00:33Our beloved brother Paul has also written to you about this, according to wisdom
00:39that God has given him. In each of his letters he has spoken to them about this, although there are in them
00:46points difficult to understand that the ignorant and the weak in faith twist, as they twist
00:54the other scriptures for their own condemnation.
00:59The Pauline Epistles.
01:01Among the writings of the New Testament, we find a large group of letters.
01:07which constitute the so-called Pauline Corpus or Pauline letters, which have as their author
01:16to Paul or one of his disciples. This group has a total of 13 letters and in turn
01:24It can be divided in different ways.
01:27Number 1. By authorship. For a long time it was traditionally accepted that the letters
01:34which we know as Pauline epistles, including the letter to the Hebrews, had as
01:40author to the apostle Paul. However, as biblical exegesis has progressed, this
01:47criteria have changed to the point of accepting that only seven of them have as
01:54The indisputable author is the apostle, which leads us to the next division.
02:00Authentic letters of Paul. Namely, they are the following: Romans, Galatians, First Letter
02:11to the Corinthians, Second Letter to the Corinthians, First Letter to the Thessalonians, Letter to the
02:21Philippians and Philemon.
02:23Inauthentic letters. These are those that modern exegesis accepts as
02:32not authentic from Paul. The authors are not known precisely. We would only have the
02:39certainty that they came from the Pauline school. And they are the following. Second Letter to the
02:46Thessalonians, Letter to the Ephesians, Letter to the Colossians, First and Second Letters to
02:55Timothy and the Letter to Titus.
02:59A separate letter. Within the group of Pauline letters, it has also traditionally been considered
03:07to the Letter to the Hebrews. However, it is generally accepted by scholars that this
03:14The letter was not written by the apostle. In fact, it cannot even be said to be a
03:21letter, but rather a circular made in a humble manner.
03:27Number 2. The division according to the contents.
03:32Great letters. They were written between 1956 and 1958 and are called that because of their length and because
03:42their doctrinal importance. According to this division, the letters belonging to this group are the
03:49The first four to appear in the canonical order of the Bible are Romans, Galatians, and 1 Corinthians.
03:58Second Corinthians.
04:00Letters from Captivity. Written approximately between the years 61 and 63, they are thus named and designated
04:09because Paul wrote them from his prison in Rome or Ephesus, depending on which captivity he was in.
04:17It refers to. The letters in this group are Philippians, Colossians, Ephesians, and Philemon.
04:28Pastoral Epistles. These were written around the year 67, shortly before his martyrdom and are
04:36The first and second letters to Timothy and the letter to Titus. Finally, we have the letters
04:44Kerygmatics. These are the first writings of Paul and of the entire New Testament. They were
04:51Written between 1950 and 1952, they encompass the major themes of the kerygma and convey
04:59the hope of Christ's imminent return. And they are the first and second letters to the Thessalonians.
05:11The term used by the apostle himself is epistle. This comes from the translation
05:18Vulgate and from where it gets a specific determination, which is known as terms
05:26theological technicians of the New Testament letters, which is the case of how they
05:32It is referred to in the liturgy, that is, within the Mass. Although to be more precise, the
05:39Secular literary criticism makes a distinction between epistle and letter, in which case letter
05:48It means a private, highly functional document, devoid of rhetorical artifice and directed
05:59exclusively with a certain sense of inviolable secrecy to the recipient who expressly
06:06It is named. And epistle, on the other hand, means a literary composition that can be in verse,
06:15Intended for the general public, a recipient is named, but without being addressed
06:24exclusively to him. In the case of the Pauline letters, as in the case of all the epistles
06:31From the New Testament, we would have to coin a middle term, something like epicarts, already
06:38that these fall somewhere between both definitions. However, they predominate
06:45plus the characteristics of a letter, because of the recipients and what Paul wanted
06:51Telling them, they occupy a primary place in the author's mind. So, if you
06:57Even if they had said that nobody was going to read them, I would have written them anyway.
07:03According to the authors Rodríguez Carmona and Aguirre Monasterio, some of the characteristic features
07:10The following are some of the letters of Saint Paul.
07:14The language he uses. The author's language falls within the classification specifically
07:21religious, although his work is not considered within the Christian literature of the time
07:28apostolic. Its influence comes from the 1970s Bible.
07:34The models he uses for his writing. The models he uses are Greek models and
07:39Jews. Very few letters are found throughout the Old Testament, among other things because
07:47A letter required a courier, and a courier was a person, specially sent with the letter.
07:54Otherwise, they are just letters from kings or high dignitaries, without any special content
08:01ideological, such as that found between David and Joab in the second book of Samuel, chapter
08:0811, verses 14 and following. Only two can be considered precedents in the Old Testament
08:16Paul's. Hezekiah's to the northern tribes, inviting them to celebrate Passover
08:23in Jerusalem and which appears in the second book of Chronicles, chapter 30, verses
08:291 to 2. And Jeremiah's letter to the exiles from Babylon, inviting them to join the
08:37society in which they lived. This appears in the book of Jeremiah, chapter 29, verses
08:421 and following. As for the Greek model, we can say that at that time there was no lack of either
08:50There are no letters or epistles among its writers. The most famous are Diogenes' letters to
08:56The Greeks, from Crates to the Thessalians. Type of work. These letters of Paul can be considered
09:06as a work of a master and pastor due to its internal genre, that is, its content and purpose
09:13of the letters. The answer to this question can be found in two terms that are found
09:19in the letter to the Ephesians, chapter 4, verse 11, as ministries given in the church,
09:27teacher and pastor. Paul in his letters does not act as an apostle and evangelist, but as a teacher
09:34and pastor, since in the letters we do not properly find the apostle's kerygma, but
09:41His didacticism, that is, the doctrine addressed to believers. The letters, therefore, presuppose
09:48an already formed community, instructed in the truths of the faith. The determining factor in the letters
09:55It must have been, as is typical of the genre, to convey some personal presence in order to continue being
10:03in a moment of danger, undoubtedly, like a mother and like a father.
10:14Today, the figure of Paul continues to be of great importance and the doctrinal content of
10:20His writings are presented as relevant today due to the growing need for indoctrination.
10:28among Christian communities, as well as evangelization, even among the baptized.
10:35Paul takes the word of God to places where it had not yet been proclaimed. Although, while it is true
10:43that a third of the world's population professes some form of Christianity, this,
10:49In many cases, it is not evident as a way of life among those of us who call ourselves Christians.
10:55Paul's letters are highly relevant today, as they help us understand the problems
11:02The suffering of the early Christian communities is not so far removed from that which they endure today.
11:08And therefore, the doctrine contained in them helps to give great light to the people of God.
11:14From June 2008 to June 2009, on the occasion of the celebration of the Pauline Year,
11:21Pope Benedict XVI used his Wednesday general audiences to talk to us about
11:28Saint Paul through various catecheses, from which we take part of the first
11:34of them.
11:37The apostle Saint Paul is an excellent and almost inimitable figure, but in any case, stimulating.
11:45He is presented to us as an example of total surrender to the Lord and his church, as well as of
11:52great openness to humanity and its cultures.
11:55Therefore, it is right not only that we dedicate a special place to him in our veneration,
12:02but also that we strive to understand what it can tell us as well,
12:09Christians of today.
12:10In this first meeting we will consider the environment in which he lived and acted.
12:16This topic would seem to take us back to distant times, given that we must insert ourselves into the
12:22world of two thousand years ago.
12:24And yet, this is only seemingly true and only partially so, as we will see that,
12:31In several aspects, the current sociocultural context is not very different from that of then.
12:38A primary and fundamental factor that must be kept in mind is the relationship between the environment
12:45in which Saint Paul was born and developed and the global context in which he successively
12:51integrates.
12:53It comes from a very specific and circumscribed culture, certainly a minority one, that of the people of Israel.
13:00and of its tradition.
13:01As experts teach us, in the ancient world and especially within the Empire
13:08In Roman times, Jews must have made up around 10% of the total population.
13:14Here in Rome, their number in the mid-first century was even smaller, reaching its maximum
13:213% of the city's inhabitants.
13:24Their beliefs and lifestyle, as is still the case today, clearly distinguished them from
13:31surrounding environment.
13:34This could lead to two outcomes: either ridicule that could lead to intolerance, or
13:40to the admiration that manifested itself in various forms of sympathy, as in the case of the
13:47God-fearing, or of the pagan proselytes who associated with the synagogue and shared
13:53faith in the God of Israel.
13:57Today, it should be the same for us Christians, the people of God.
14:03Our beliefs and lifestyle should distinguish us in the environments where we are
14:08we develop in a routine manner.
14:10And if this is truly evident in us, then there can only be two outcomes.
14:17Or we are rejected because of our experience of the Gospel, which opposes the offer of the world,
14:22or through our testimony we will attract more people to Christ.
14:27A people who openly and faithfully express their beliefs always stand out.
14:33It stands out from the rest of the peoples, as it has since ancient Israel.
14:40Thank you!