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00:00When the fullness of time had come, God sent his Son, born of a woman.
00:12Thus is fulfilled the promise of a Savior that God made to Adam and Eve when they were expelled from paradise.
00:20I will make friendship between you and the woman, and between your offspring and hers.
00:26He will step on your head while you stalk his heel.
00:33This verse from Genesis is known as the Protoevangelium, because it constitutes the first announcement of the good news of salvation.
00:44Traditionally, the woman in question has been interpreted as both Eve, in the direct sense, and Mary, in the full sense.
00:53and that the lineage of the woman refers both to humanity and to Christ.
00:59From then until the time when the Word became flesh and dwelt among us,
01:06God was preparing humanity so that it could fruitfully welcome his only begotten Son.
01:13God chose the Israelite people for himself, established a covenant with them, and gradually shaped them by intervening in their history.
01:24revealing his designs to him through the patriarchs and prophets and sanctifying him for himself.
01:31And all this as a preparation and foreshadowing of that new and perfect covenant which was to be concluded in Christ,
01:41and of that full and definitive revelation that was to be made by the Incarnate Word himself.
01:49Although God prepared the coming of the Savior, especially through the election of the people of Israel,
01:55This does not mean that he abandoned the other peoples, the Gentiles,
02:02for he never stopped bearing witness to himself.
02:06Divine providence caused the Gentiles to have a more or less explicit awareness of the need for salvation,
02:15And even in the farthest corners of the earth, the desire to be redeemed was preserved.
02:21The incarnation has its origin in God's love for mankind.
02:28This is how God showed his love for us.
02:31in which God sent his only Son into the world so that we might live through him.
02:37The Incarnation is the ultimate demonstration of God's love for mankind.
02:44since in it God himself gives himself to men,
02:49becoming partakers of human nature in the unity of person.
02:55The Incarnation not only manifests God's infinite love for mankind,
03:00His infinite mercy, justice, and power,
03:04but also the coherence of the divine plan of salvation.
03:08Profound divine wisdom is manifested in how God has decided to save man,
03:15that is, in the way most convenient to its nature,
03:20which is precisely through the incarnation of the word.
03:25Jesus Christ, the incarnate word, is neither a myth nor just any abstract idea.
03:32He is a man who lived in a specific context and who died after having lived his own life
03:40within the evolution of history.
03:43Historical research about him is, therefore, a requirement of the Christian faith.
03:50That Christ existed belongs to the doctrine of faith,
03:54as well as that he truly died for us and rose again on the third day.
03:59The existence of Jesus is a fact proven by historical science.
04:04especially through the analysis of the New Testament,
04:08whose historical value is beyond doubt.
04:11There are other ancient non-Christian testimonies, pagan and Jewish,
04:16about the existence of Jesus.
04:19Precisely for this reason,
04:20The positions of those who contrast a historical Jesus with the Christ of faith are not acceptable.
04:26and they defend the assumption that almost everything the New Testament says about Christ
04:33It would be an interpretation of faith made by the disciples of Jesus,
04:38but not his true historical figure, which would still remain hidden from us.
04:45These positions, which often harbor a strong prejudice against the supernatural,
04:51They fail to take into account that contemporary historical research agrees in stating
04:57than the presentation of Jesus by early Christianity
05:01It is based on real events that actually happened.
05:06The incarnation is the mystery of the admirable union of the divine nature
05:17and of human nature in the single person of the verb.
05:23The incarnation of the Son of God does not mean that Jesus Christ is part God and part man,
05:29nor is it the result of a confusing mixture between the divine and the human.
05:35He truly became man without ceasing to truly be God.
05:42Jesus Christ is therefore true God and true man.
05:48The divinity of Jesus Christ, the eternal word of God, has been studied when discussing the Holy Trinity.
05:55Here we will focus primarily on what relates to his humanity.
06:01The church defended and clarified this truth of faith during the first centuries against the heresies that falsified it.
06:13Already in the first century, some Christians of Jewish origin, the Evionites, considered Christ as a simple man, although very holy.
06:24In the 2nd century, adoptionism emerged, which held that Jesus was the adopted son of God.
06:32Jesus would simply be a man in whom the power of God dwells.
06:37For them, God was a single person.
06:40This heresy was condemned in 190 by Pope Saint Victor, by the Council of Antioch in 268, by the Council of Constantinople, and by the Roman Synod in 382 AD.
06:56The Arian heresy, by denying the divinity of the Word, also denied that Jesus Christ was God.
07:03Arius was condemned by the First Council of Nicaea in the year 325 AD.
07:11The church has also recently reiterated that Jesus Christ is the eternally subsisting son of God.
07:19who in the incarnation assumed human nature in his one divine person.
07:26The church also faced other errors that denied the reality of Christ's human nature.
07:33These include heresies that rejected the reality of Christ's body or soul.
07:41Among the first is Docetism, in its various forms, which has a Gnostic and Manichean background.
07:49Some of his followers claimed that Christ had a celestial body or that his body was purely apparent.
07:58or that appeared suddenly in Judea without having been born or grown up.
08:04San Juan has already had to deal with this type of error.
08:07Many are the seducers who have appeared in the world, who do not confess that Jesus has come in the flesh.
08:15Arius and Apollinaris of the Odyssey denied that Christ had a true human soul.
08:23The second has been of particular importance in this field and its influence was present for several centuries in subsequent Christological controversies.
08:34In an attempt to defend the unity of Christ and his sinlessness, Apollinaris argued that the word performed the functions of the human spiritual soul.
08:45This doctrine, however, implied denying the true humanity of Christ, composed, as in all men, of body and spiritual soul.
08:55He was condemned at the First Council of Constantinople and at the Roman Synod of 382 AD.
09:04Next, we will read the dogmatic definition on the two natures of Jesus promulgated by the Holy Council of Chalcedon held in the year 451 AD.
09:17Following the holy fathers, all with one voice, we teach that one must confess only one and the same Son, our Lord Jesus Christ, the same perfect in divinity and the same perfect in humanity.
09:37God truly and truly man himself, with a rational soul and body, consubstantial with the Father in divinity and consubstantial with us in humanity.
09:54Like us in all things, except for sin.
09:58Begotten of the Father before the ages as regards divinity and the same in the last days for us and for our salvation.
10:09Born of Mary Virgin, Mother of God in regard to humanity, who is to be recognized as one and the same Christ Son, only begotten Lord in two natures.
10:23Without confusion, without change, without division, without separation, the difference of natures in no way erased by the union, but rather each nature retaining its property and concurring in one person and one hypostasis.
10:44Not divided or split into two persons, but one and the same only begotten Son, God, Word, Lord Jesus Christ, as the prophets and Jesus Christ himself taught us about him from of old and the creed of the fathers has handed it down to us.
11:14Thank you!