- hace 1 año
Categoría
🛠️
Estilo de vidaTranscripción
00:00Music
00:00As we mentioned in the first topics of module 1, there are many literary genres in the Bible,
00:18That is, special ways of expressing things and narrating events.
00:24That is why it is very important to know in what literary genre a passage of the Bible is written.
00:32to understand what the author means and what a specific text signifies.
00:40According to the Second Vatican Council, literary genres are
00:44the ways of speaking that writers of a particular era use to express their thoughts.
00:54Well, we are about to enter a set of books known as the Gospels,
01:00But we must understand that, as literary works,
01:04They belong to a specific literary genre, in this case, gospel.
01:11Let's look at some characteristics of this literary genre.
01:15The gospels are narrative texts.
01:20The Gospels are unified, coherent, and well-linked works,
01:26and not a mere collection of juxtaposed stories.
01:30Undoubtedly, the most specific aspects of biblical faith are expressed in narrative form,
01:36Since God's actions are unpredictable, the only option is to recount them.
01:40The Gospel plot was a later development after the existence of isolated pericopes that had no plot.
01:49In the ancient narrative of the Passion, there was already a well-defined plot.
01:54which possessed an eminently narrative, long and unitary character,
02:00which was later enriched with other pericopes until it culminated in the Passion-Cross-Resurrection block.
02:10The passion story is the plot that organizes the Gospel narrative as a whole.
02:16The gospels are theological narratives.
02:20The gospels are neither purely fictional narratives, nor are they exact historical chronicles,
02:28Rather, they are theological narratives because they reveal the action of God in Jesus.
02:34and the fulfillment of the Old Testament.
02:38They tell the story of God's actions in the life of Jesus of Nazareth.
02:43The gospels are not historical chronicles, but they are based on historical facts.
02:51The Gospels are not historical reports, nor chronicles of the past, nor biographies in the modern sense,
03:00since they do not explain minute details about Jesus' family or childhood.
03:05However, there is always an awareness of not dissolving the reference to past history.
03:13The gospels reflect a real situation prior to 70 AD.
03:19since the destruction of the temple and the disintegration of the Sanhedrin as an autonomous Jewish power are ignored,
03:27both events that occurred around this year.
03:32Given this, we realize that it is not possible to write a history or biography of Jesus
03:38with the depth and rigor of modern biography,
03:43However, we emphasize that we have as much reliable information about any contemporary Jew as we do about Jesus.
03:50There are two types of readings of the gospels.
03:56One, horizontal or comparative reading of the gospels.
04:00It is common for the gospels to have parallel passages with which a horizontal reading is made in two aspects.
04:08Regarding the text, the texts are compared to find similarities, differences, and the peculiarity of each gospel
04:18to get closer to the most primitive and therefore most original text.
04:24Regarding context, the same narrative can have a different meaning depending on its placement in a specific context.
04:35Number 2. Vertical or sequential reading of each gospel.
04:42It consists of reading each gospel in succession, following the plot from beginning to end.
04:50as we would with any commonly used book.
04:54The gospels are not collections of pericopes, but stories linked to a literary and theological project.
05:02The evangelists are true authors and not mere compilers of stories,
05:09even though the gospels arose from isolated pericopes.
05:13Reading the Gospels vertically is often an interesting discovery for many Christians.
05:21This requires us to place each pericope in its context and in connection with the preceding and subsequent pericopes.
05:29Among the literary devices used in the Bible are the so-called stylistic devices,
05:37These are the various tricks a writer uses to make their message more expressive and capture the reader's attention.
05:46The set of these resources that the author uses is called style.
05:51Each of the authors of these books imprinted their own style when writing them.
05:57and used different resources to ensure the message reached its intended recipients in the best way.
06:05Since the books of the New Testament were written by a variety of authors addressing different communities,
06:13We should expect to find a diversity of literary styles.
06:17The best known are, section A, inclusions, which are the repetition of key words or expressions at the beginning and end of a section
06:31that define and guide it regarding content.
06:36Jesus in the Gospel according to Saint Matthew is presented as Emmanuel, God with us,
06:44And in the end Jesus says to his disciples, I am with you always, to the very end of the age.
06:51Presented in this way, we see these phrases as framing the entire work,
06:58Hence the idea of inclusion.
07:01Section B. Parallelisms.
07:04The fundamental law of Hebrew poetry, and of Semitic poetry in general, is that of parallelism.
07:11which consists of dividing each of the literary units into two members that correspond in meaning
07:20and sometimes also by sound, that is, there are phrases or ideas that correspond to others within a literary unit.
07:29Parallelism can be synonymous, antithetical, and synthetic.
07:37For whoever wants to save their life will lose it, but whoever loses their life for my sake will find it.
07:45Section C. Concentric structure.
07:49The figure of chiasmus consists of exchanging two parallel and opposing ideas.
07:54Four elements are represented that correspond to the extreme points of the X,
08:01Hence the name chiasmus.
08:04Chiasmus seeks to emphasize a central idea through the repetition of phrases.
08:10to contrast or generate a surprising effect that induces meditation.
08:16Section D. Repetitions.
08:18Sometimes the importance of a topic is emphasized by repeating certain words.
08:25Section E. Central verses and central texts.
08:30It is a resource for capturing the importance of certain topics.
08:34The evolution of the word buffet is well known; it originally meant a writing table with drawers.
08:44and then it came to mean the room where said desk was placed, that is, an office or study.
08:52Exactly the same applies to the word gospel, in the singular, which simply means the good news,
09:01proclaimed and lived entirely by Jesus.
09:04The gospel in the absolute sense is always the message itself.
09:09And it is worth noting that the text of the New Testament knows only this use of the word.
09:16But since Jesus himself did not write anything, it was his disciples, as we have seen,
09:23those who undertook under particular circumstances and with a specific purpose,
09:29to leave written documents that clearly recorded the message of Jesus.
09:36And with an originality that ensured the prodigious success they achieved.
09:43The process is such that the reader immediately comes face to face with the master.
09:50The evangelists were primarily concerned with communicating this presence that they themselves continued to experience as a living presence.
10:00The resurrected one is not a character from the past, nor is it possible to discuss him, therefore, even in a narrative style.
10:09as would be done with other figures, however great they may be, but who already belong to history.
10:17Jesus is always relevant today.
10:19For this reason, the tone of the Gospel narrative is imbued with an inimitable freshness.
10:25And the reader of all times continues to recognize in the accent of truth.
10:36One more warning to help us get a better understanding.
10:40The order of the four gospels first offers the reader a series of books that have many similarities among them
10:48And then the fourth gospel, which has a separate function and dimension.
10:53The first three, that is, those of Matthew, Mark, and Luke, are commonly called, as we have already said, synoptic gospels.
11:03This curious expression simply means that they can easily arrange themselves in three parallel columns.
11:11which allows one to see it at a single glance, as if it were a synoptic chart,
11:17considering how each of them recounts the same events.
11:21This comparative study has helped contemporary scientific research
11:28to verify the claims of ancient historians concerning the usage by each evangelist
11:36from the background documents we mentioned at the beginning.
11:40The fourth gospel, that of John, is addressed to readers who already have knowledge of the gospel event.
11:47Therefore, it is necessary to have already read the Synoptic Gospels if one wants to fully understand John.
11:55Written with a certain detachment, this gospel sometimes takes the turn of a meditation.