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00:00It is also important to know that the Jewish religion of this period extended some aspects
00:13essential elements of the religion that come from the Old Testament. The central element is
00:20the profession of faith in the one God expressed in the Chema.
00:24Monotheism was accepted as the norm, that is, the worship of only one God and the acceptance and practice of the law of Moses.
00:42However, during this time there was significant development in several religious aspects such as
00:49messianism, eschatology, and belief in angels and demons.
00:57Messianism
00:58The messianic idea fundamentally implied the expectation of a better future for the nation.
01:05introduced by a descendant of David.
01:08Each of these groups develops a different way of perceiving this concept.
01:14However, they all emphasize this coming as a restoration for the people.
01:22Another important element in this belief is the transformation of messianic hope
01:29as a step towards hope from this world to the future world.
01:35The arrival of the Messiah represents for the people the beginning of the future world.
01:40Eschatology
01:42That is, it refers to the end of times.
01:47The idea of an eschatological Messiah comes from the Qumran community,
01:53who await a liberator of angelic character to whom they attribute messianic traits.
02:00The end of the present times is imagined as a consequence of a great confrontation
02:07which occurred after a period of tribulation and persecution against the righteous,
02:14as well as a series of signs heralding the end, such as the return of the prophet Elijah
02:21and cosmic phenomena.
02:24Angels and demons
02:26These aspects of faith were strongly developed in relation to the Old Testament.
02:34It is characterized by the multiplication of the functions attributed to angels
02:39and to demons in human affairs,
02:43a personification that takes them from anonymity to having proper names
02:47and a hierarchy of roles that angels and demons perform.
02:53It is therefore in this political, cultural, and religious environment that Jesus of Nazareth appears,
03:08come from Galilee, announcing the good news of the kingdom of God.
03:13It is to be expected that each group will have an expectation of him,
03:17although some will also have their own reservations about him.
03:23For us, Christians of the 21st century, it may still be as difficult as before.
03:29to answer that question that Jesus once asked his disciples in Caesarea Philippi.
03:36Who do you say I am?
03:39Some say you are John the Baptist, others Elijah, others Jeremiah or one of the prophets.
03:49That's what people who are far away and have little contact with Jesus say.
03:55But who is Jesus for us?
03:59Who is he to you?
04:01One Sunday afternoon, two men walk with their heads down, listless, their souls at the ground.
04:10Something had recently happened that left them stunned.
04:15Their hopes were dashed spectacularly.
04:19That man had given them back hope for a better tomorrow
04:23and had forced them to turn their eyes and hearts to God.
04:28But, without warning, he was arrested, sentenced, and executed as a criminal.
04:36The Jewish and Roman leaders sent him to the cross, and it was all over.
04:42But, immersed in their sorrow, they do not realize that a man joins them on the road.
04:48He goes with them, listening to them, sharing their pain, understanding what is going through their hearts,
04:56attentive to their hopes.
04:58His dialogue is so intense that men become interested in it.
05:03Let us return to Easter Sunday, as narrated by the evangelist Luke.
05:10That same day, two of the disciples were going to a village called Emmaus,
05:19about 11 kilometers from Jerusalem.
05:22They were talking about everything that had happened.
05:26While they were talking and discussing, Jesus himself approached and began to walk with them.
05:31But, even though they saw him, something prevented them from realizing who he was.
05:35Jesus asked them, "What are you talking about on the road?"
05:41They stopped, looking sad, and one of them, whose name was Cleopas, answered,
05:47Are you the only one who has stayed in Jerusalem and doesn't know what has happened there these days?
05:56He asked them, "What happened?"
05:59They told him about Jesus of Nazareth, who was a prophet powerful in deeds and words before God and all the people.
06:08And how the chief priests and our authorities handed him over to be condemned to death and crucified.
06:17We had hoped that he would be the one to liberate the nation of Israel,
06:23But it's been three days since all that happened.
06:26Although some of the women who are with us have frightened us,
06:31So they went to the tomb at dawn, and since they didn't find the body, they returned home.
06:37And they say that angels appeared to them and told them that Jesus lives.
06:43Some of our companions later went to the tomb and found it just as the women had said.
06:50But they did not see Jesus.
06:52Then Jesus said to them,
06:54How foolish you are, and how slow to believe all that the prophets have spoken!
07:02Did not the Messiah have to suffer these things before being glorified?
07:08Then he began to explain to them all the passages of scripture that spoke about him,
07:14beginning with the books of Moses and continuing through all the books of the prophets.
07:19Upon arriving at the town they were heading to, Jesus pretended to continue on,
07:26But they forced him to stay, saying,
07:29Stay with us because it's getting late, it's getting dark.
07:34Jesus went in to stay with them.
07:38When they were already seated at the table, he took the bread in his hands,
07:42And having given thanks to God, he broke it and gave it to him.
07:48At that moment their eyes were opened and they recognized Jesus, but he disappeared.
07:54And they said to each other.
07:57Didn't our hearts burn within us as he talked with us on the road and explained the scriptures to us?
08:05Without further delay, they set out and returned to Jerusalem.
08:10where they found the eleven apostles and their companions gathered together, who told them,
08:16The Lord has truly risen and has appeared to Simon.
08:21Then the two of them told them what had happened to them on the way
08:26and how they recognized Jesus when he broke the bread.
08:32This passage, narrated by Saint Luke, tells us about the day of the resurrection,
08:36It tells us the meaning of the Christian life.
08:39Jesus is the one who comes out to meet us on the road,
08:43He explains the scriptures to us and breaks the bread of the Eucharist for us.
08:47But his explanation of the expected Messiah has nothing to do with triumphs,
08:53power, subjugation, victors and vanquished.
08:58It has more to do with service, with giving one's own life,
09:03with being the last to be the greatest.
09:06Thus, Saint Luke reminds us that Jesus is not only the key to understanding the Old and New Testaments,
09:14but it is He and His Spirit who give them their full and perfect meaning.
09:22It is through Jesus that the Christian understands the true meaning of the Holy Scriptures.
09:29The disciples who were walking from Maus were saying about Jesus
09:33who had been a powerful prophet in words and deeds.
09:38And this is precisely what the gospels attest to.
09:42Once Jesus was baptized by John in the Jordan,
09:46We see Jesus go into the desert and return with the conviction that God was with him.
09:52Thus began his ministry.
09:55The Jesus presented to us in the gospels is a man of integrity,
09:59in love with life, attentive to the manifestations of God in everyday life,
10:05in small things and in important things.
10:07He is a poet, but he is also a prophet who speaks in the name of God.
10:13so that we may change our hearts and sincerely return to Him.
10:19He is the prophet who invites us to live justice and mercy.
10:25loyalty and solidarity with those who suffer.
10:29He is the man who wants a new world, more humane, more full of God, more fraternal.
10:37He is the one who gives a different meaning to human life, obligations, and responsibilities.
10:45He is the preacher who shows us a new face of God, whom he teaches us to call Abba.
10:51However, the face proposed by God, the new world that was expected to emerge
10:58And the life it offered us made certain groups uncomfortable, who, upon reaching an agreement,
11:05They sent him to the cross as his final destination.
11:08But the Holy Spirit, poured out on the apostles and the church,
11:14He convinced them that the life and death of Jesus, crowned with his resurrection,
11:20It was the quintessential advertisement that should be taken to all men of all times and places.
11:27The God revealed by Jesus.
11:29The life He wanted for men from now on, and the full life He offered us,
11:34He compelled the apostles to go out into the world carrying the good news of life in Jesus.