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En 1775, après la Bataille de Lexington, le Congrès continental proclame George Washington général en chef de l'Armée continentale. Celui-ci possède une grande expérience acquise durant la guerre de Sept ans. Avec des hommes issus de plusieurs États, sans armes, ni entraînement, ils vont tenter de lutter contre les britanniques pour gagner leur liberté.
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00:00The Americas, let's cross the Atlantic, here are the Americas
00:06Once upon a time, I was in the Americas; that's the story I'm going to tell you.
00:12From Siberia to the Pacific, ancient people began to walk
00:19They carved oceans, they crossed continents
00:26Pursuing their dreams of freedom
00:33The adventure was sometimes dramatic, often it was the end of the heroes
00:40It's not easy, but it's magical to make a brand new, beautiful watch
00:47They all took up the torch, going further, going higher
00:53And their dream came true
01:00We are now here, the Americas, just as you imagined them.
01:07It's up to you to create this fantastic world, the one we've all dreamed of one day.
01:13May they all walk hand in hand, to reach the end of their destiny.
01:21On this earth without hope
01:27A land of brotherhood
01:37So here are our American friends, forced into freedom
01:41But what exactly are they going to do?
01:43A revolution? A civil war?
01:44In fact, they are all searching for an identity.
01:46And everything is difficult for them.
01:48They have no money, no land, no weapons
01:51A famous voice, that of Franklin, rises to say astonishing things.
01:54Let's listen to him, if you will.
01:56They don't have enough weapons, let's go back to bows and arrows.
01:58They have proven themselves
02:27But, but, but, why these weapons?
02:29But what do you expect of me, me, that I surrender?
02:34But, but to whom? And by what right? And for what reasons?
02:36I would like to know in whose name? In the name of, of, what?
02:40Uh, yes, of course, in whose name, what do you mean, in whose name?
02:44But look, we ask you, in the name of the Great Jehovah
02:47And obviously, on behalf of the Continental Congress
02:50Yes, yes, absolutely, on behalf of the Continental Congress
02:56The capture of Fort Ticonderoga on the shores of Lake Champlain
02:59He was going to give the insurgents a hundred cannons at once
03:02But their problem was not solved.
03:05Because if a third of the population remained indifferent to their fight
03:08Another third, who remained loyal to London, were resolutely hostile to them.
03:19It took a strong street to unify all of this.
03:22And a providential man was about to emerge.
03:24From a very young age, he had shown character
03:46He's the wildest horse, he won't make it.
03:48We need to help him, otherwise he's going to injure his neck.
03:51When Mr. George decided to do something
03:54He goes all the way and no one can stop him.
03:56In fact, he's one of the best riders in Virginia.
03:59Yes, sir, absolutely, I'm telling you.
04:03Hello, Ms. Washington
04:04Hello Paul, what's going on?
04:07Your son has decided he wants to train a stallion, madam.
04:12In any case, mistress, I have never seen a man before, not even an adult.
04:17Can last that long without salt
04:19Yes, I'm proud of him, he's got character, my son.
04:37I think his heart has given out; he looks dead to me, sir.
04:41I didn't want to kill him, Mother, but he had to obey me; it's his fault.
04:45My God, my God, Georges, it's unbelievable how stubborn you can be.
04:48I can't even imagine what it will be like when you grow up.
04:54Washington made it clear to his men
04:57This is the best place to surprise them
05:04As a young man, George Washington fought the French
05:07Explore Virginia
05:10She got married
05:13Became a colonel
05:14Then he went to settle in his property in Montfernole
05:18Ah, Martin, life on this plantation is pure bliss.
05:22We will remain in this paradise until the end of our lives.
05:47Personally
05:48A position
05:50Oh, man
05:55Go, quickly! Scatter! Take cover!
06:17Have you noticed? They haven't fired in a while!
06:23Find your weapons and fire for sure when they are 15 paces away!
06:27We don't have ammunition to waste!
06:33Fire at will!
06:44Bayonet to the canoe!
06:52Quickly, let's retreat to that hill! We'll be able to resist them much better!
06:56In June 1775, the Battle of Bunker Hill near Boston would demonstrate to the English that from now on they would need
07:03to reckon with these men in rags.
07:05At the same time, a continental congress was held in Philadelphia.
07:09We must make peace with the English!
07:11We have no army, no money, and no command!
07:14But we have the 100 cannons taken from Ticonderoga!
07:16You acknowledge that at the Battle of Bunker Hill, our men fought valiantly!
07:23Gentlemen, we are fortunate to have with us today a man who has proven himself to be a
07:28A great soldier, Colonel George Washington.
07:30I propose that George Washington be appointed commander-in-chief of the Continental Army; those who agree
07:35Raise your hand!
07:41I'm not sure I'm up to the task you want to entrust to me, but I
07:45I swear to you that I will do everything in my power to serve such a glorious cause.
07:49Washington will soon realize that its mission will not be easy.
07:54Do we have 20,000 men here?
07:56More like 14,000, General.
07:57And 500 barrels of gunpowder?
08:00There are only 38 of them.
08:01The men of Connecticut are brave men who should in no way be confused with those people, finally
08:05those who come from Massachusetts.
08:06The soldiers are all willing to fight against the English, but on their own soil in Maryland, not in a
08:11no country as distant and productive as this one, General.
08:14Here in New Hampshire, we have enough brilliant officers to take command of all the others
08:19troops.
08:22And may we know where you obtained your officer's rank?
08:25No, officer's rank, but of course, of course, of course, of course, of course, yes, it was my men who...
08:29chosen, yes, spontaneously chosen to be their leader, because I am the most capable of commanding.
08:39And there, the American soldiers are not supposed to fight each other, but against the British. Hold on to your hats!
08:44once and for all.
08:44Come now, calm down, calm down, my dear general. I am the one in command of my fusiliers. They do not receive orders.
08:50'Order from me and me alone.'
08:51You believe that, Colonel, but these troops are part of the Continental Army which, as you know, has precisely
08:56was placed under my command.
08:57And as a result, you are demoted, Colonel. You do not deserve to command.
09:02Go back to your land. That's the best thing you can do.
09:07Okay, yes, but the contract I signed was for three months, and guess what?
09:11'It ends today.
09:13So, I'm going home now. Bye everyone.
09:23That doesn't seem true. Did that really happen?
09:26Yes, as I pointed out, there was no regular army, no ammunition, no
09:31No marines, no money to prevent the English from landing men and cannons.
09:35And yet, these troops would achieve some successes, liberating Boston.
09:40Thus, it was in a climate of optimism that the Congress met in the spring of 1776.
09:48This is an excellent document. It reflects very well the American people's desire for freedom.
09:54Here, my dear Charles Adams. Here.
09:58Richard Henry Lee will read you a resolution of which he is one of the principal authors.
10:01We take it for granted that all men are born free and equal and that their creator has endowed them with
10:06inalienable rights,
10:06including the pursuit of happiness and freedom.
10:09To guarantee these rights, men establish governments whose power derives from the consent of the governed.
10:15If a government fails to fulfill its objectives, the people have the right to modify or abolish it.
10:21to establish a new government that will implement its principles
10:25and whose forms will seem to him the most suitable for ensuring his safety and happiness.
10:51Washington was not present for the vote on the Declaration of Independence.
10:54It was in New York that the British were preparing to attack massively.
11:01The redcoats number over 30,000. We will have difficulty defending the city.
11:07Provided our men hold firm.
11:11They are so few in number, so poorly armed.
11:16Okay general, I'll see what we can do.
11:35Faced with the rout of these men, Washington will remain there, stunned, exposed to the fire of the English.
11:59Don't worry, General, we have a powerful ally, the Pennsylvania Rifle.
12:04With that, I can put a bullet between the eyes of a hare from about a hundred meters away.
12:08So, a soldier for his gifts.
12:11Thank you, my friends. It is men like you that we need.
12:14I appoint you chief shooting instructor.
12:19As for you, I am making you commander of a company.
12:22General, it is impossible to control the fire that has broken out in New York.
12:26What should we do?
12:29Absolutely nothing should be done to prevent the fire from spreading.
12:32Quite the contrary. The fire will hinder the English advance and deprive them of their winter quarters.
12:37Providence has done more for us than we were prepared to do for ourselves.
12:39We will retreat north, if the redcoats allow us the time.
12:45Here again, the help of Providence was truly needed.
12:49She will appear in the guise of a charming young woman.
12:55General! General!
12:57General !
12:57Why don't you come and rest and refresh yourself in my house?
13:11And Providence did things well, delaying General Horv by two days.
13:28We have been in constant retreat. We have already lost three-quarters of our personnel.
13:33This cannot continue. We need a victory for the morale of our troops.
13:37And on Christmas night 1776, there would be the attack on Trenton on the Delaware River.
13:44The surprise will be complete.
13:46Suffering very few losses, General Washington will win a victory that he desperately needs.
13:52What? And with all the soldiers they have, the English are just going to let themselves be taken advantage of? They won't
13:56They won't react?
13:57Of course they will, they will pursue him, but Washington has anticipated their maneuver.
14:00Two games will be played in Princeton, not forgetting that winter is here.
14:03And according to the authoritative staff manuals of the time, there were no plans to do
14:08war in winter.
14:09Meanwhile, in London...
14:20His Excellency Lord Germain, Secretary of State for the Colonies, announces himself to the Earl Sandwich, Lord of the Mirauté.
14:39One moment, my dear, I'll be with you in a minute.
14:41Now, come on, don't just stand there. Come closer, come closer, let me cut a slice of that delicious ham.
14:48I would like to talk to you about the colonies, the American colonies, obviously.
14:53I am doing historical work, and I would appreciate it if you could give me updates, my dear friend.
14:58Oh !
15:02James, I would like a lettuce leaf and also one of those strange fruits that come to us from the colonies.
15:08A tomato, yes, yes, is that a tomato?
15:11My dear Count, I imagine you are aware of the... the little troubles that these damned colonies cause us.
15:17And I think it would be good to...
15:19From... from... from...
15:34Oh !
15:36Here, my dear, taste this marvel. I'm sure you'll like it.
15:46Oh, what a great idea, Nid! I've never eaten anything like it, it's truly divine.
15:49Isn't that right? What was I telling you?
15:51I wonder what name we could give such a...
15:53But, let's see...
15:54A... a packed lunch?
15:56No, no, there is no basket.
15:59Um...
16:00Oh, what would you think of a snack?
16:02No, no, no, that's too vulgar, no, it's...
16:05Oh yes, of course, a sandwich!
16:07What do you say to that, my dear Count?
16:08Yes, why not, after all? It's not without merit to have one's name etched in history for such a
16:13great work.
16:16I'm very late, I have to take my leave, but I came to talk to you about...
16:19Oh, but what?
16:21Oh, I can't remember, I...
16:22Come back whenever you like, my dear. We'll then have the opportunity to exchange a few words on the occasion of a
16:27good sandwich.
16:27In London, at the same time, the brilliant General Burgoyne was developing an infallible plan.
16:32At the head of my 12,000 men, plus the loyalists and of course our Indians, I will take to the road
16:36from Lake Champlain, which I will follow all the way along, which will allow me to reach Albania.
16:40Meanwhile, Colonel Saint-Léger will create a diversion before joining us through the Mohawk Valley.
16:45And General Howe, having left New York, marched back to Lutson with his troops as far as Albania.
16:49And so, the trapdoor closes.
16:51With all their communications cut off, the rebels will have no alternative but to surrender.
16:56I want to make things perfectly clear, gentlemen.
16:58No acts of barbarity, no scalping either.
17:00You must act as a standard-bearer of British civilization.
17:06At first, everything was fine. We quickly seized the fort of Ticonte Roga.
17:21But little by little, things deteriorated, because Burgoyne was waging war as he had learned in the
17:26military manuals and not according to the configuration of the places.
17:29And that's something the Americans knew how to do very well.
17:39No, it wasn't going very well anymore, and then it wasn't going well at all.
17:42In one month, the English had advanced 50 kilometers.
17:47Losses were heavy and food was becoming scarce.
17:50Surrounded in Saratoga by numerically superior American forces, Burgoyne will surrender.
18:02Keep your sword and return home to England with your men, Your Excellencies. We will help you as best we can.
18:07Yes, answer that way. There are far too many of you. That way, we won't need to feed you.
18:12General Gates, General Arnold, thank you for your generosity.
18:25France is now officially at war on your side, Mr. Franklin.
18:29And we agree, no separate peace with Great Britain.
18:32Understood, Mr. Virgin, you can count on me. The American people's gratitude to France will be eternal. We
18:38'We will never forget your gesture.'
18:42A young Frenchman with wild enthusiasm will distinguish himself during the battles. His name is Lafayette.
18:48Washington took a liking to him and appointed him general.
18:53To the attack, my brave ones, and no quarter given! Forward!
18:58But on the ground, the situation is less rosy. General Arnold found it more rewarding to seize
19:05Philadelphia rather than coming to Burgoyne's aid.
19:23While Lafayette finds himself in great danger...
19:37The winter of 77-78 will be terrible on the inhospitable plateau of Valley Forge.
19:41The Americans lack everything. Food, clothing, weapons, tents, even firewood.
19:56And money to buy the essentials was desperately needed. January 1st of that year...
20:05For our valiant soldiers, to help our soldiers, your kind heart!
20:09While you're pulling yourself back, reload! Got it? It's not a waste of
20:14time !
20:14Our line shooting is very important! I hope you understand! Ganz wichtig!
20:19So, General Von Steuwen, how's it going?
20:22Cost, it costs! Just look for yourself! I present to you the Continental Army, mein
20:27General !
20:44The Battle of Montmartre was a complete failure, due to the General's cowardice in the face of the enemy.
20:48Lee.
20:49Unfortunately, the English remain very strong, and their resources are far superior to ours.
20:54But there is France, General! Do not lose heart!
20:56Courage will be needed! Excited by the loyal immigrants, the Indians will join the fray.
21:01and their attacks will cost many American lives, including those of women and children.
21:07We will learn to hate each other, and all of American and Indian history will be marked by it.
21:11There will be another surrender of Charleston, yes indeed!
21:15The great defeat of this war, which will cost the Americans most of their army, yes indeed!
21:22Their history is almost entirely a series of defeats!
21:26You could say they've had a lot of defeats!
21:28Yes, there will be more! Camden!
21:30This represents yet another defeat, and if Washington is not a man to be easily defeated by
21:35misfortune,
21:36He will be greatly affected by the Arnold affair, one of Burgundy's victors at Saratoga!
21:39Okay, for 20,000 pounds, Major André. Tonight, I will give my men special leave.
21:45And you'll have no trouble occupying the West Point fortress. So much the better!
21:53Major André, we must confess everything. Arnold has fled to the English. What do we do, General?
21:58?
21:59Hang him, Major André, lieutenant.
22:01He asks to be shot, like a soldier.
22:03Absolutely not! As an example, hang him like a traitor!
22:07Who do you think we can still trust, my friend?
22:13Yes, it was a very dark year, this year 1780 which is now drawing to a close. The American cause seems hopeless.
22:21And yet they're the ones who won, right?
22:23Yes, and how did they manage to get out of it?
22:25Thanks to their perseverance, their courage, and also thanks to the help of France!
22:28Wait, wait!
22:29What is this? What's going on here?
22:30No, I'm mistaken. Excuse me, excuse me!
22:33Ah, there it is! My general, my general, a powerful French squadron is on its way.
22:37It is commanded by Admiral de Grasse. Finally, we will have the means to attack!
22:42General Rochambeau, here is the situation in Connecticut near New York.
22:47We have in total, let's see, let's see, 9000 American soldiers plus the 8000 excellent French soldiers.
22:54They are all at your disposal.
22:56What should we do? Attack Clinton in New York where he has 18,000 men
23:01or go south to Yorktown where Cornwallis is located with only 9000 men?
23:06Ah, but since Admiral de Grasse is heading towards Shizapik near Yorktown, let's also head towards Yorktown.
23:13Yes, that way we will flank them, but that represents 800 kilometers.
23:19With the weapons, the luggage, the ammunition, it will be tough, but we will manage.
23:32I advise you to be more careful!
23:48The honor of firing the shot has come to yours, General Washington.
24:00The volunteer!
24:04We must remove these two redoubts; they are blocking our troops.
24:07I am at your command, General.
24:09My men and I are volunteers, General.
24:12Thank you, my friends, but above all, take care of yourselves.
24:19Onward with the assault, we advance the memorandum!
24:39General Lord Cornwallis decides to surrender.
24:42And on October 19, 1781, it was Yorktown.
24:55Even after the surrender of Yorktown, the British still had many troops in the Americas.
25:01But morale is no longer there.
25:03The treaty guaranteeing American independence would be signed in Paris in 1783.
25:09In 1789, shortly before the French Revolution, George Washington was elected the first president of the United States.
25:41The British still have many troops in the Americas.
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