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Même si la France de François Ier était une des plus grandes puissances d'Europe, elle ne s'intéressa que tardivement au nouveau monde. En 1524, Giovanni da Verrazzano est missionné par le Roi pour explorer les terres d'Amérique du Nord. En 1534, Jacques Cartier quitte Saint-Malo avec deux navires dans le but de découvrir un passage au nord du continent. Au cours de ses deux premiers voyages, il découvre le fleuve Saint-Laurent et fait la rencontre du chef Donnacona à Stadaconé (futur Québec) et remontera le fleuve jusqu'à Hochelaga.

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00:00America, crossing the Atlantic, here are the Americas
00:06Once upon a time, I was in the Americas; that's the story I'm going to tell you.
00:12From Siberia to the Pacific, ancient people began to walk
00:19They carved oceans, they crossed continents
00:26Let us pursue their dreams of freedom.
00:33The adventure was sometimes dramatic, often except for the end of the heroes
00:40It's not easy, but it's magical to make a brand new, beautiful watch
00:47All of them took up the torch, going further, going higher.
00:53And their dream of their reality
01:01The Americas are now here, just as you imagined them.
01:07It's up to you to create this fantastic world, which we have all dreamed of one day.
01:13May everything work together, to reach the end of destiny.
01:21On this earth without hope
01:27A land of brotherhood
01:41Maestro, tell us, Maestro, you spoke to us about the Spanish and the French
01:44Haven't the French discovered anything?
01:46France at that time was, however, a great power
01:49Yes, but his king Francis I had some problems
01:52In fact, he had already tasked one of the great navigators of the time
01:55The Florentine Giovanni da Verrazzano
01:58To discover for him a passage to new lands
02:01Cate
02:02Verrazzano, a humanist, a scientist of rare intelligence
02:05So in January 1524, with his dauphine
02:08A ship, of course, a caravel.
02:10It will reach the continent known as America
02:13In honor of another Italian, Americo Vespucci
02:15Who, however, hadn't set foot there 20 years earlier
02:18Just a few thousand kilometers away, in Brazil
02:21And that's how we write history, children, and geography.
02:24But let's get back to Verrazzano
02:25So here we are, approaching a coastline
02:28The one from Carolina
02:35This land is surely inhabited.
02:36Take eight men with you and go on a reconnaissance mission.
02:39Be vigilant, but be careful, no acts of hostility towards the indigenous people.
02:44Understood, Commander, at your service.
02:46Give them presents
02:50Please follow the instructions I gave carefully.
02:52Remain calm and friendly
03:04We are your friends.
03:11The presents
03:19Who do you want buckets?
03:21Before us
03:24You tules
03:31As to
03:33You hold
03:34More
03:34You so much
03:41You have
03:42In
03:49Ah, thank you.
04:25The poor man, they're going to cook him to eat him.
04:42Goodbye, see you soon, goodbye.
04:45Goodbye, see you soon.
05:17He was the first to declare that the New World is a continent and that there is no
05:21no passage to the west.
05:22It took courage.
05:23First, he also said that the Earth is much larger than we think.
05:27declared the elders.
05:29Yes indeed, a truly great man, Verrazzano.
05:31And the Indians, did they also love Verrazzano?
05:35Yes, so much so that during a trip in 1528, they ended up eating it.
05:40Yes, indeed.
05:41Oh !
05:47It is likely that Francis I was never aware of the counts due to Verrazzano.
05:52He had some problems.
05:53Oh well, what do you mean, problems? But a king, I thought that wouldn't have any problems.
05:57Oh yes! He was then embroiled in a seemingly endless war with Spain.
06:02Charlequin.
06:02To top it all off, the Constable of Bourbon, the leader of the French armies, had just defected to the enemy.
06:08We had to fight again. Victory, defeat, not life.
06:12All is lost, much to our honor. You know?
06:161533.
06:17Bizarre is now showering his rival Charlequin with gold from Peru.
06:21And François believes that the exploitation of the riches of the new continent
06:24could give him the means to wage a war that is definitively victorious this time.
06:29and also to replenish its finances, which had been seriously compromised by the upkeep of all the royal residences.
06:35Chambord, especially. Chambord under construction.
06:46And you, over there!
06:49Do you think that's why I'm paying you?
07:07You see that I'm helping you?
07:23In 1534, Jacques Cartier was summoned by Francis I to resume explorations beyond the new lands.
07:29Cartier, 30, is the darling of Saint-Balo.
07:32He is an experienced navigator and has a good knowledge of the coasts of the new continent.
07:37Captain Cartier, welcome to my inn.
07:46What a handsome man you are, what a presence!
07:53Please !
07:56In the name of our King Francis I, I am recruiting crews for an expedition beyond the New World.
08:04But he'll take away all your crews, that one!
08:07And how are we going to make money from the others, huh?
08:10I don't see you letting yourself be taken advantage of.
08:16Is it what you want? For us to go and get devoured by cannibals, like Vira Zano?
08:23I am your man, Captain Cartier.
08:26Me too.
08:30These two men and everyone else here are under a fishing contract with me.
08:33Therefore, there is no question of them going on an expedition with you.
08:36So I advise you to look elsewhere.
08:57Hey everyone!
09:03Yes, Jacques Cartier clearly demonstrated the difficulties he faced in recruiting his crew.
09:07A royal decree will be required.
09:10Have mercy, good people!
09:11We, Francis I, King of France,
09:13let us order that no ship leave the port
09:15before Captain Cartier had left with his entire crew.
09:25You know, Captain, I might have the men who will make you
09:29And I will insist that they leave with you.
09:31You'll see, trust me.
09:40It's even said that treasures can be found there, so shall we go?
09:45So, on April 20, 1534,
09:48Two small ships leave Saint-Malo with 61 men on board.
09:51It will take them barely 20 days to reach the shores of Newfoundland.
09:55Then, we head back north and...
10:02But what am I doing here, can you tell me?
10:05But what am I doing in this mess?
10:13This will be the Havre of Saint-Sevran.
10:16And this, the Saint-Jacques River.
10:18Look, look, look!
10:26Here are our friends in the midst of the unknown.
10:28looking for their way through a body of water
10:30not appearing on any map.
10:37It will be Briand Island, the island of the margots.
10:58They look like big oxen with two camps in their mouths.
11:14There are too few of us.
11:16Let's go back, it could get dangerous here.
11:24No apartment, no apartment, let's arrange it.
11:31If !
11:58No, they're pretty nice in this country, aren't they?
12:01July 34, so the fur trade will be inaugurated there.
12:05He will subsequently be promoted to a very bright future.
12:08Well, those Indians are being tricked.
12:10All these beautiful furs for cheap junk.
12:12Oh no, that's not fair.
12:13You're right.
12:14Yes, but you see, these crystals, these trinkets, these seashells
12:17and copper, especially, were associated in their minds
12:20to the idea of ​​rebirth after death.
12:22Very soon, they will be asking for other goods.
12:24for example knives and axes
12:26whose practical side did not escape him.
12:33Eh ?
12:34Ah!
12:37Water!
12:38Water!
12:40Water!
12:42Water!
12:43Water!
12:44Water!
12:44Water!
12:45Water!
12:45Water!
12:46Water!
12:46Water!
12:46Water!
12:47Water!
12:47Water!
12:48Water!
12:54Learn to go next day!
13:08The Indian chief of Onnacona is not happy
13:10that one settles on land that belongs to him.
13:13And he expresses it forcefully.
13:15I have an idea. Invite them to come aboard.
13:17We'll be able to explain things better then.
13:21Cartier will obtain permission from the chief of Onnacona to take his two sons to France.
13:25He promised to bring them back quickly.
13:33And it was on the return voyage that Cartier twice missed the St. Lawrence River.
13:38Never mind, maybe next time.
13:43I'm listening, children.
13:45Tell me, why did Jacques Cartier miss the St. Lawrence River, which was so close?
13:49And why is he zigzagging so much on the road? Explain it to us.
13:52And maestro, why did he bring the two Indian boys with him?
13:56And why do the Indians look like me? Explain it to me.
13:59That's why he missed the St. Lawrence River.
14:01Because the season was unfavorable, the currents were bad, the winds contrary.
14:05And these men had had enough; they wanted to go home.
14:14We can hardly imagine today what the knowledge of our Earth was like at that time.
14:19Here, I'll show you something.
14:21And this is the most perfect, most detailed map of the time.
14:25And look at the coasts of America? A line.
14:28Behind, nothing. The unknown.
14:30Do you understand?
14:33I'm going to show you another card. Here.
14:37Twenty years later, in 1550, see here the west coasts of the continent are defined.
14:42And what do we see?
14:43Japan is here, China is there, India is there, and Florida, look at Florida.
14:48And in the north, anything goes.
14:50This is how we saw the Earth.
14:53And that's why pioneers like Cartier and others were so valuable.
14:57They were discovering our planet.
15:01The young Indians, oh, they went back with them to America.
15:05In 1535, during their stay in France, they learned the language and Cartier relied on them.
15:11to help him during his next expeditions.
15:14This time they have the Great Ermine equipped with twelve cannons.
15:17of the Petite Hermine, of the Émerillon and 112 men officers to sailors plus a writer on board.
15:22I'm not unfamiliar with that one.
15:27Ah, well that's easier.
15:30Tell me, what are you writing there?
15:32Give, I'll tell you about our trip.
15:36Today, the thirteenth day of August 1535,
15:39We are entering a bay that our captain has named the Bay of Saint Lawrence.
15:42Uh, straight ahead, look, look!
15:47Oh, how wonderful...
15:48Oh, oh, oh, oh!
15:49Oh, oh, oh, oh, oh, oh, oh, oh, oh!
15:55Tchaouh!
15:57Tchaouh!
15:59Tchaouh!
16:05At your service, thank you, thank you, thank you, thank you, thank you!
16:09Oh, how beautiful it is, how beautiful it is, how beautiful it is, very, very beautiful!
16:15Further upstream, where the river narrows, you will find the Sagané River.
16:19Then Canada, and even further up, Hochelaga.
16:22That's where the gold you're looking for is.
16:24And the passage to Cartay, towards the ocean.
16:26There is no passage.
16:27No.
16:34They have been stubbornly searching for this famous passage for days and days.
16:39The boys are right, this passage does not exist.
16:42Look over there.
16:53Our village. We are in Canada, our father's country.
16:59Stadakome. One day, it will be called Quebec.
17:02Yes, indeed. Ah, there we go.
17:31Let's get started, it's wild.
17:46The merillons, they are flat. With it, we will be able to go far up the river.
17:49Why do you want to leave? Why do you want to go to Hochelaga?
17:52Stay here with us. We are your friends.
17:55Over there, it's snow and ice.
17:56People are bad. You're going to die.
17:58Have no fear. Our Lord will protect us. Will you come with us?
18:03No.
18:04No, but you promised us and I am ready to give you a reward.
18:08No, no.
18:09Come aboard our boat. We'll be able to discuss it.
18:14No, no, no.
18:16Clearly, Jacques Cartier does not understand the Indians.
18:19They fear competition for their business.
18:22They learned to distrust him.
18:23He doesn't know how to reassure them.
18:27He doesn't know how to reassure them.
19:11One and a half breaststrokes deep!
19:12Throw away the ink. Do it quickly.
19:26Buy the train station.
19:27Buy the train station.
19:32Buy the train station.
19:33Buy the train station.
19:34Oh, oh, oh, oh, oh, oh, oh, oh, oh.
19:39Wow, what a reception!
19:42From now on, this hill will be called Port-Royal.
19:45Welcome.
19:58Our city.
20:22oh, oh, oh, oh, oh, oh.
20:27Oh.
20:28Oh.
20:46Listen, friend, hold on a sec.
21:08Farewell
21:12And here is the hill that will bear the name of Port-Royal
21:15It was in Hochilaga, now Montreal, that the exploration of the St. Lawrence River would come to an end.
21:21It's already mid-October, and Cartier is going to rejoin his companions who remained in Stanacomé, Quebec.
21:26Their conduct has not always been exemplary.
21:43Come on, hurry, hurry, we must be sheltered for the winter
21:54Your men use your fire sticks too often and they mistreat our subjects
22:11Come on, move forward, faster, come on, come on, I tell you, come on, hop, hop, hop
22:18Look, there's a case that's going in circles.
22:21Faster, faster
22:22You must obey me, I am your master, do you understand?
22:28Oh, I know she's going to be surprised
22:31You're guerrilla-edged
22:33No, it's starting, it's starting, it's starting, it's starting
22:37Ah, a star ending
22:46It looks like pepper powder
22:55Good morning, gentlemen.
23:03This winter has been terrible, terrible.
23:17There is no known cure for scurvy.
23:20You need to go see the Indians; their shamans should know. You should ask them.
23:27Decoctions of white cedar, that's the remedy, they say.
23:32The Indians were right, it's an excellent remedy, full of vitamin C.
23:36Here's a new remedy, who wants to try it, who wants to try it?
23:44Poisoner, son of a bitch, with your concoction
23:48I'm willing to try the remedy.
23:50Here, my boy, drink
24:00It worked, yes, it worked.
24:05It worked
24:16In the spring, we thought about returning to France
24:20We unfortunately lost 25 men
24:23We will have to abandon one of our boats here.
24:25Sorry
24:26Abandon one of our boats?
24:27We no longer have enough crew
24:29We would need guarantees to convince the king
24:44Come on, move forward.
24:59Have no fear, we will be back among you in a year.
25:10Not one of the captured Indian chiefs would ever see his country again.
25:12There would be a third trip a few years later.
25:15Under the command of a dubious character, Robert Wall
25:18The success will be mixed.
25:19Cartier will believe they are bringing back gold and diamonds this time.
25:22Which will turn out to be quartz or pyrite
25:24The very type of fake treasure that white men offered to the Indians
25:27Which will turn out to be quartz or pyrite
25:29America, franchisees are expected
25:34These are the Americas
25:37From the North to the Pacific
25:41These are the Americas
25:42Once Upon a Time in the Americas
25:45This is the story I told you.
25:49Once Upon a Time in the Americas
25:53Once Upon a Time in the Americas
25:54Once Upon a Time in the Americas
25:55Once Upon a Time in the Americas
25:55Once Upon a Time in the Americas
25:55Once Upon a Time in the Americas
25:55Once Upon a Time in the Americas
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