AgriCities Akademi’de Yeni Tarım Destekleme Modelini ele aldık.
Eski sistemden farkları, köylüye etkisi ve desteklerin artıp azalmayacağını
Prof. Dr. Süleyman Soylu ile değerlendirdik. 🌾📊
#AgriCitiesAkademi #TarımDestekleri #Çiftçi #Tarım
Eski sistemden farkları, köylüye etkisi ve desteklerin artıp azalmayacağını
Prof. Dr. Süleyman Soylu ile değerlendirdik. 🌾📊
#AgriCitiesAkademi #TarımDestekleri #Çiftçi #Tarım
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HaberlerDöküm
00:01Greetings to the valued followers of the International Association of Agricultural Cities.
00:05We are together with the Eglis Edis Academic program.
00:07Today we are with our esteemed professor Süleyman Soylu.
00:10Welcome, Professor.
00:11Nice to meet you. Hello.
00:15First of all, congratulations, Professor Süleyman.
00:17You are an academic at a university.
00:20One foot in the university, the other in the village, alongside the producer.
00:24You have one foot in the laboratory and one foot in the field.
00:27So, academics like this generally don't have many connections with industry or business, but...
00:33In this sense, you are bringing science and industry, science and production together simultaneously.
00:42You are a rare and important academic in that sense.
00:46First of all, I'd like to start by congratulating them on this achievement.
00:50Thank you.
00:51Of course, this is all about loving the job, or the profession.
00:54So it's not just us, agricultural engineering is truly a sacred profession.
00:59So, people who love their profession simply can't help themselves once they enter that sector.
01:05We enjoy both the education and training phase and the field experience.
01:09By integrating both, we become more beneficial to our students as well.
01:13We are also trying to be more beneficial to society.
01:16Hopefully we are being helpful.
01:19Professor, we will now discuss the support matters with you.
01:25Hopefully we will also receive support from around the world.
01:27First of all, as you know, we have switched to a new support model in Türkiye.
01:32A three-year support model has been announced.
01:35Instead of this annual support, which engineers have long awaited...
01:38What are the new support programs that differentiate between the old and new support programs?
01:44Can you give us general information about the most recent support available?
01:49Do you know what Mahmut Ali Bey used to be like?
01:51There was support for diesel fuel and fertilizer.
01:53There was also support for the use of certified seeds.
01:58From 2024 onwards, this support model will be phased out, and support programs will be provided under a different umbrella.
02:07These include production planning, basic support, and especially, as you know, climate change.
02:13In regions where water is a problem, this provides extra support to farmers who use water-efficient crops.
02:20Water conservation support was combined under three different types of support.
02:26Of course, there used to be subsidies for fuel and fertilizer.
02:29There's no such thing now.
02:30Now, there is actually support, but under a different name, and the state now sets a coefficient every year.
02:37So when it first started, this was 244 lira, the base coefficient, and it uses a different multiplier for each product.
02:45For example, the multiplier for wheat was 1.3, while for other products like corn it was one.
02:51These multipliers can be changed every year.
02:55And it increases that basic support amount every year according to the situation and the price increase in the market.
03:03For example, for 2026, the base coefficient support amount was set at 310 lira, and the support amount for each product was determined accordingly.
03:13different.
03:14Of course, another aspect of this new support model is that things are different for each region, you could say the products are different.
03:27There are 13 core products eligible for support, but for example, the products supported in Adana are different.
03:35It's different in Urfa than in Konya, so who determines this? It's determined by the provincial directorate of agriculture in that province, under the chairmanship of the deputy governor.
03:46There is a commission.
03:47There are definitely people from agricultural chambers and agricultural stakeholders.
03:51Of course, there are higher-level committees in Ankara that, after outlining the general framework, determine the products to be supported at the provincial and even district level.
04:01Of course, the amount is determined by the ministry, so for example, last year the basic support for wheat was 317 lira, and the planned production support was also 317 lira.
04:12It was 634 lira for normal regions.
04:15For example, this support increased to 806 lira this year, up from a total of 634 lira.
04:24So, the amount of support also increased year-on-year due to this coefficient.
04:31And the goal here, actually, the initial aim, is to popularize a product in the regions of the country where it is most suitable.
04:42In addition, 52 districts in Türkiye were specifically selected with the aim of more effectively utilizing water and land resources and promoting sustainable agriculture.
04:54Water is a problem, the water is receding, and this will become a very big problem in the future.
04:59These provinces and districts were told that they were producing crops that consumed a lot of water, such as corn, sugar beets, and potatoes.
05:09If you grow water-efficient crops like wheat and barley, or lentils and chickpeas instead, I will give you even more support.
05:18shaped.
05:19So, for example, out of the 52 districts across Türkiye, 19 are in Konya, and let me also mention some interesting figures.
05:34For example, there is an extra support of 434 lira for wheat in regions with water scarcity.
05:43In addition to this 806 lira, what if he planted wheat or barley instead of corn, beets, or potatoes in his field?
05:53They will receive an additional 434 lira in support.
05:56So, that's the situation.
05:58It is said that the number of districts may be increased to 52 in the future.
06:03Of course, the system is new here, so are there any flaws in the system?
06:08Why? Because, based on the year 2024, they also set crop rotation rules that farmers must follow.
06:16If it complies with the production plan, that is, with the guidelines set by the provincial directorates and the ministry regarding which products can be produced consecutively each year.
06:25They can receive that support if it is appropriate.
06:29But these subsidies are not followed according to the plan; for example, if someone plants corn first, and then plants corn again the following year, that constitutes a breach of the plan.
06:38What is he doing? He's being deprived of support.
06:41If he insists on not complying, what happens when this crop rotation, determined by the ministry for two years, does not conform to planned production?
06:48They will be deprived of all support.
06:50Of course, there are also serious penalties. For example, a fine of between one and five percent of the product that was removed from sale, a punitive measure.
07:01As you know, farmers' dealings with banks are never-ending. If they're involved in livestock farming, like with Ziraat Bank or the Soil Products Office, they're deprived of all the support available from various livestock-related associations.
07:13will be.
07:13They won't be able to do business with them. But since we're still at the beginning of the implementation, we haven't seen these things in the second year yet.
07:20We will see in the coming years if the program continues with determination.
07:25Of course, we need to explain the situation properly to the farmers here.
07:29What were farmers really like in the beginning?
07:32They need to plan well according to their own resources.
07:36The man doesn't have enough water. He plants a lot of corn, or different kinds of potatoes.
07:42This time, he runs out of water halfway through. He's in a really difficult situation.
07:45He should plan well.
07:47According to their own sources, they say.
07:49Actually, the second stage might be this in the coming years.
07:53So how much wheat does Türkiye need?
07:56For example, 20 million tons.
07:58How many potatoes do we need?
08:005.5 million tons.
08:01According to him, allocating the regions might make things a little easier for the farmers.
08:07He will have a better understanding of how much the product he's going to harvest will be worth, and how much money he'll be able to make.
08:14In fact, even without considering the numbers, the support amounts appear to have increased compared to the previous diesel and fertilizer support.
08:22So, frankly, I'll show you some of my own paintings again...
08:29Now, here's the first fundamental support.
08:32Secondly, planned production support.
08:34The third is production development support.
08:36Production development support.
08:38So, as I said, in places with water problems, if they adopt a production model that shows they use water efficiently, their products will receive water conservation support.
08:47Of course, support for the use of certified seeds also continues.
08:52If it's normal...
08:54For example, sir, the certified seed support is 74 lira, plus organ mineral support, and when you add fertilizer, you get 99 lira in support from that.
09:02So, when you add them up, it actually comes to close to 1500 lira for me.
09:06Yes, so as you said, with wheat, we get a price close to 1500 lira.
09:16When we add the 99 lira support for organo-mineral fertilizers and the 174 lira support for the use of certified seeds, that is, if someone has 100 decares of wheat, of course...
09:25This applies to irrigated conditions, meaning if the person has irrigated land, there's no such thing in arid areas; there's no water restriction support anyway.
09:34But they also have basic support, production support, support for the use of certified seeds, and support for solid fertilizers.
09:41There is no support for water scarcity in arid lands.
09:44So, when you look at it, for example, sunflower, oilseed sunflower, there is a very significant amount of support.
09:50So there is a subsidy of around 1300 lira per decare for oily gayçi (a type of Turkish vegetable).
09:55Plus, there is support for using certified seeds.
09:57So when you take this into account, when you really look at it, the price of a greasy gay man per acre is quite high, close to 1500 lira.
10:06It is gaining support.
10:07That's quite significant, 1587 lira, a very serious figure when you look at it, wheat costs 1512 lira, Mr. Mahmut.
10:18When we gather all the support.
10:19So we can say that the amount of support has increased compared to the diesel and fertilizer support in previous years.
10:29But of course, let's say this about Konya, for example.
10:32Five products were identified in Konya.
10:35What are these?
10:35Sugar beet, corn, potatoes, carrots, and tomatoes.
10:41You cannot plant these 5 products consecutively.
10:45In irrigated farming, you must include at least one crop that consumes less water.
10:50So that's the condition for rotation.
10:52When you look at it, that is.
10:53Let's have another one.
10:54Actually, consecutive plantings are not a requirement.
10:57Does such a thing exist?
10:58Are there such conditions in the support programs?
11:00Of course, like this.
11:02For example, you can plant wheat for two consecutive years.
11:06But you can't plant in the third year.
11:07But as I said, these 5 products consume a lot of water in our Konya Plain, and these 5 are the accepted ones.
11:16on a product basis.
11:18These products can be replaced next year.
11:20But for now, this year, 2026, includes corn, sugar beets, potatoes, carrots, and tomatoes.
11:28Five different crops cannot be planted consecutively in the Konya Plain.
11:31Let's say, for example, if I plant corn in 2025, for the 2026 season I must definitely plant wheat, barley, chickpeas, lentils, or other crops with oily water content.
11:42I'll need to insert a plant that doesn't require much water, like a gayli (a type of flower).
11:47If you insist on planting corn again this year because you planted it last year, as I said before, there are penalties.
11:54So, it wasn't suitable, and there was a warning in the first year.
11:57If we don't comply with this in the second year, in 2027, there will be serious sanctions.
12:02And then there's this...
12:04Let's say someone grows corn, for example. Since the area isn't basin-based, would they only receive basic support?
12:12Does he receive any other support as well?
12:13No, it's not like in the past, for example, last year the farmer planted corn according to the plan.
12:18Last year, for example, even those who planted corn were receiving support amounting to 488 lira.
12:22Production planning and essential support.
12:26But this year they completely eliminated support for potatoes and corn as well.
12:30So even if you follow the plan, let's say last year you planted wheat in your field, this year you'll be planting corn in 2026.
12:38So you're not getting any support whatsoever.
12:40For example, you want to plant potatoes, and there's absolutely no support whatsoever.
12:43But it will be there a year later, right?
12:45It was here a year ago, and now the purpose here is this.
12:49So that's what the ministry wants.
12:50So, will he get subsidies for corn when he plants it next year?
12:53No one can't get it, no one can't get it.
12:55He'll never get it.
12:56So the reason is this, the ministry says that water resources are limited in Konya.
13:01So, what I want here is for farmers to switch from corn and potatoes to different crops.
13:07There is also silage corn, but that belongs to the forage crop group.
13:10Therefore, for silage corn, if it conforms to the cultivar, there is a support of around 800 lira per decare, or 806 lira.
13:17But the support for grain corn is zero lira.
13:20Last year they had corn for grain, but they removed that too.
13:24So the point here is this.
13:25By supporting farmers, we can at least reduce some of the pressure on water resources in the region.
13:33So, that's basically it.
13:35So, the state can't directly implement this itself, but it guides it through support programs.
13:41Yes, he's trying to guide you.
13:43Professor, we actually need to create a separate program for planned production.
13:47We said we would now switch to planned production, and we are trying to achieve planned production with these support measures.
13:52Normally, it's directly related to planned production; for example, when you're going to open a market or a bakery in the city center, you need to get supplies from many different places.
14:01You are asking for permission.
14:02When you're going to build something, for example, there's no permit required for something related to agriculture, but someone goes and says, "I'm going to plant something here."
14:08So, there's no need to get a permit; wouldn't it be better if this planned production were documented a bit more?
14:15Actually, of course, in developed countries abroad, cooperative organizations are very widespread.
14:21So, there are cooperatives for every product in every region.
14:24They are planning how to prevent that product from becoming readily available and how to ensure price stability.
14:32According to him, they guide their farmers and members, directing them on what to plant and making decisions accordingly.
14:39But unfortunately, especially in our country, consider products that the state doesn't buy much of, like onions, potatoes, and vegetables like tomatoes, for the last 2-3 years.
14:49We are living, for example.
14:50So, because it's a truly independent business that can plant whatever it wants, what happens is that when things go wrong in the market, it plummets.
14:59Because production is now very expensive, the costs are very high.
15:01So if a farmer has a terrible year and can't make a profit, it takes him a few years to recover, and it seriously affects him.
15:10He's getting into trouble.
15:11So, establishing this market balance is extremely important.
15:15So, the farmer should earn 20% more, but not fall into deficit.
15:19For example, the previous year, the farmer couldn't even sell his tomatoes for 1 lira per kilogram in the field.
15:26So this is entirely the result of a lack of planning.
15:29So, ideally, if it's a product with export potential, the export quantity should be adjusted according to domestic demand, like when we look at potato pricing.
15:39Last year, production reached 6,900,000 tons, Mr. Mahmut.
15:44So normally, Türkiye's consumption is 5-5,500,000 tons.
15:48This year, the estimate is around 6,000,000 tons.
15:50Official figures have not yet been released, but the latest production figures from the Turkish Statistical Institute (TÜİ) for 2025 have not been published.
15:57So when you look at it, there's still a surplus of around 500,000 tons.
16:00So what is he doing?
16:01Potato prices are hovering around 10 lira.
16:04So, when you look at the wholesale price, maybe it's around 15 lira in the market, approaching the 20 lira range, but...
16:09When you look at it, seriously, those who grow under contract are not disadvantaged as much.
16:18For example, last year they planted potatoes under contract for 9 lira or 9.5 lira.
16:23But those who planted onions in the open field sold them for 3, 4, or 5 lira.
16:29This is also a serious issue because labor costs are very high in Türkiye.
16:34So the population working in agriculture is gradually decreasing.
16:37They employ all foreign workers.
16:39You are also familiar with foreign workers.
16:41So, in order to win them over, to keep them engaged in the field, generally speaking, right now...
16:46We have people who pay more than twice the minimum wage.
16:51That is, to foreign workers.
16:53This is especially true in livestock farms, where the rate is even higher.
16:56But in the field, it's definitely twice the minimum wage, and you're paying them 40 for it.
17:01These also seriously affect the farmer in terms of costs when the product doesn't fetch a good price that year.
17:07Therefore, establishing a balance in production planning is extremely important for the future of our country's agriculture, for keeping our farmers in the fields, and for keeping them in the villages.
17:15Professor, if we return to this with these supports, there is a general perception that arises regarding these supports.
17:22Or, things like, "This farmer receives a lot of support," while industrialists and those in other professions say the same thing.
17:28Actually, the government provides support to everyone.
17:30There's support for industrialists, there's support for those who speak Turkish, there's support for producers.
17:35So, no related support is offered to the farmer.
17:38So, the support is actually available to everyone living in this country, those involved in trade, those not involved in production, in some way.
17:43So, what do you think of this perception?
17:47So, it creates the impression that the producer is being given too much support.
17:51There are support mechanisms in place, but we know that sometimes our people abuse these mechanisms.
17:57For example, someone takes out a loan for a tractor and uses it for another purpose.
18:02So, this exists in industry as well, and in other areas too, if you look at it.
18:06So the biggest problem with subsidies in agriculture is the farmer's struggle: production is an open factory, a factory with an open top.
18:17And the farmer produces, then sells the product, and then receives the support.
18:22But right now, for example, spring is coming, people will plant corn, plant sunflowers, buy seeds, buy fertilizer.
18:31But he doesn't have any money.
18:33So, consequently, the farmer receives support for using certified seeds, for example, according to the timing.
18:40The farmer buys the seed, plants it, and receives support a year later.
18:44Then, the fact that this support is a gesture towards the farmer is forgotten, and it creates the perception that no support is being given at all.
18:52However, I think the ministry should be more involved here, especially now that we've moved on to production planning.
18:59Depending on the product the farmers will produce, there will be a certain advance payment, and then a structure will be established accordingly.
19:07Farmers, at least, because even farmers who don't manage their finances well end up taking on very large loans and paying very high interest rates.
19:16So a significant portion of your earnings goes to these banks as interest.
19:21This inevitably leads to people not receiving fair compensation for their labor, and as you said earlier,
19:26So, it also reinforces the perception that there is no support, or that the support is insufficient.
19:32So, frankly, we need to improve a bit more on the issues of timing and follow-up support.
19:39So, professor, this is a separate issue; what I was actually saying was something different.
19:43There's a perception that they're receiving a lot of support.
19:46Despite all this, it seems the farmer is still not satisfied with the horses.
19:50However, the support that is currently provided is actually more than enough.
19:54Perhaps this could be the case: during the pandemic, farming really did have a great year or two.
19:59So the product was profitable, costs were manageable, meaning there wasn't much inflation.
20:05So, since there were a lot of farmers in those years, it might have stood out a bit.
20:09And let's not forget that nobody wants to stay in the village anymore, nobody wants to do any production.
20:13Everyone in the city wants to be able to go to the supermarket, fill their shopping cart, and always have products available at that particular supermarket.
20:19But this pouring water gets stuck somewhere.
20:22If farmers can't make a profit and stop producing, one day we won't be able to find those goods in the markets.
20:28Therefore, we need to create an environment that will allow our farmers to earn money as well.
20:34Farming subsidies are given all over the world, in the UK, in America, in other words, to farmers all over the world.
20:40It depends on the situation of some, on their level of development.
20:44For example, today France has the highest rate of cooperatives and farmer organizations in the world.
20:50Pay attention to the news; as soon as something happens, it's like French farmers are blocking roads, spreading fertilizer, and even going and spreading fertilizer in front of the parliament building.
20:57for example.
20:57So, the perception that our people, the people living in the city, are never satisfied is completely wrong.
21:07Here's what might be happening: the farmer isn't actually making a lot of money, but it's because they haven't been able to establish a perfectly good chain between production and sales.
21:17Seriously, the product that a farmer sells for, say, 5 lira, we end up paying 40-50 lira for.
21:23So sometimes it gets perceived as if the farmer is earning 50 lira.
21:28To be honest, there's also some connection between the scissors and the problem itself.
21:32So, professor, I was actually going to ask, but you used the phrase in a roundabout way again; there is support for farmers all over the world, right?
21:40Absolutely, absolutely. There's nothing that doesn't support the farmer.
21:44But the organizational structure is better there, in developed countries.
22:03But those men have no irrigation at all. The soil is very fertile.
22:06The man is getting a wheat yield of 600-700 kilos per acre.
22:10In your own country, you can only get it if you water it.
22:13So, there's the cost of irrigation, the cost of plant nutrition, and then I don't have a chance to compete with that.
22:21What are they doing? They're selling Russia's and Ukraine's wheat, corn, and sunflower to us at affordable prices.
22:27Here, the state needs to closely monitor the harvest season of the farmers within the country, tracking the periods when they will suffer losses, the critical periods, and
22:36During those periods, they need to carefully manage the import balance and balance customs duties.
22:42So, if we constantly start buying wheat and sunflower seeds from Russia just because they are cheap there, our farmers will be ruined.
22:50That's exactly the problem that's arising. Because their costs are half the price of ours.
22:55So, in that case, we can sell at the same price as them, our farmers can sell at the same price as Russian farmers.
23:03It ends the moment we say it.
23:04Why? Because our rainfall is moderate; for example, the Konya Plain receives 300 mm of rain.
23:08In arid conditions, the maximum yield you can get is 100-150 kilos, sometimes 200 kilos.
23:12So, consequently, the other guy gains 700-800 kilos, under the same conditions, at no cost.
23:19Therefore, we have no chance of competing with those people.
23:24It's important to take this balance into account. And there are regional differences, for example, in our case.
23:28Let's say a farmer in Adana is irrigating his corn crop from a dam.
23:32For example, let me give you a figure from this year.
23:34The Adana Farmers' Union announced the irrigation cost for corn as 400 lira per decare.
23:39It's harvest season.
23:40In Konya, I spoke with an irrigation cooperative that sells the cheapest water.
23:45The cost is at least 3,000 lira per decare.
23:48The electricity bill, you know.
23:50When you think about it, there are very significant differences in our production costs even between regions within our country.
23:57So, water is essential for the country's agriculture.
24:00We need to continue increasing our investments in terms of using water efficiently, expanding water resources, and increasing the amount of irrigated land.
24:09Then we will have truly secured our food security to some extent for the future.
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