- hace 1 año
Categoría
🛠️
Estilo de vidaTranscripción
00:00But when the time had fully come, God sent his Son, born of a woman, born under the law of Moses, to redeem us who were under that law and to grant us the right to become children of God.
00:23And because we are now his children, God sent the Spirit of his Son into our hearts, and the Spirit cries out, “Go, Father!” So you are no longer a slave but a child of God, and because you are his child, it is God’s will that you also be his heir.
00:45In this passage, Saint Paul describes the event by which God enters human history. He does so as just another man.
00:55By faith we confess that Jesus is the son of God and that leads us to the need to place him both in time and space, since Jesus as a man is a son of his time, his land and his culture.
01:13Jesus was born during the time of King Herod, called the Great, who was in charge of the governments of Judea, Galilee, Samaria and Idomea from 40 BC, representing Roman power.
01:30But when Jesus is already an adult, what was once the kingdom of David and Solomon is divided into several administrations.
01:41The region that had formerly been the kingdom of Israel was subject to Rome through a prefect responsible for the imperial province of Syria, in this case under the command of Pontius Pilate, who resided in Caesarea Maritima.
02:00With certain restrictions from Rome or Herod, the Jewish state has a certain degree of independence and is governed by the Sanhedrin, which is presided over by the high priest.
02:15Alongside these differences, there is the reserve that the Jews maintain towards the Samaritans, whom they consider heretics, and towards the Galileans, whom, because of the distance, they always consider to be on the verge of heresy, and whom they mocked for their rough pronunciation.
02:36From a social perspective, groups can lean towards the wealthy ruling class, represented by the Sadducees, the simple leaders, represented by the Pharisees, or the violent wing of piety, represented by the Zealots.
02:55Of course there are ordinary, simple people, and the marginalized or rejected members of society, such as tax collectors, prostitutes, shepherds, lepers, and other sick people.
03:11In the religious area, the interpretation of faith leads to the emergence of groups.
03:18Some of them have their origin in the conflict caused by the Hasmonean dynasty from whom the Sadducees emerged.
03:28The Sadducees
03:29The name of this religious group means the righteous ones, although it may be derived from the Sadokite priestly lineage.
03:40According to the Jewish historian Flavius Josephus, they entered the scene at the same time as the Pharisees and the Essenes, approximately in the 2nd century BC.
03:54This historian presents them as being related to wealthy and priestly families, among whom they exerted great influence.
04:05However, this group was not followed by the people.
04:09He mentions several Sadducee high priests and suggests that its members came from the upper echelons of Palestinian society.
04:18Some scholars consider the Sadducees not as a sect or party, but rather as a group representing the interests of the ruling classes and the priestly caste.
04:33in something that could be considered normative Judaism.
04:39Under his control is the Temple of Jerusalem, as well as the high command within the Sanhedrin.
04:47Furthermore, his interpretation of the Torah does not allow for updated interpretations.
04:54Finally, their privileged class status can lead them to distance themselves from the people and to make deals with those in power.
05:02In the New Testament they frequently appear in relation to the Pharisees as opponents of Jesus.
05:11Furthermore, it is known that they did not believe in an afterlife, nor in angels or spirits.
05:17The Pharisees
05:21The word Pharisee seems to have the meaning of the separated ones or also, although less likely, the interpreters.
05:30For Josephus, the Pharisees represent the group with the greatest authority among the people, due to their precise interpretation of the law and their own traditions.
05:41to whom great influence is attributed and to whom the people remain loyal.
05:49He describes them as a very influential group that was directly connected to the political leadership of the country during the Hasmonean era.
05:58although he criticizes its absolute power during some periods.
06:04In Herod's time, their political power seems to diminish, although Josephus mentions that they refuse to swear allegiance to the king, thus deserving of punishment.
06:18This author believes that the number of Pharisees in the 1st century was approximately 6,000.
06:25Characteristics of his thinking include the belief in the afterlife and the simultaneous acceptance of free will and providence.
06:37The group of Pharisees were originally those persecuted by the Hasmonean leadership for their initial refusal to take up arms against the Greek oppressors.
06:48They are the pious and leading people respected by the community, for their contact with the groups, as well as being the shapers of Jewish society.
06:59The image of the Pharisee in the New Testament is almost always negative, as they are presented as adversaries of Jesus.
07:09They are associated with scribes, and rarely with groups that hold power in Jerusalem, such as high priests and elders.
07:20They are presented as expert masters of the interpretation of the law and very zealous observers of it, and they also accepted an oral tradition.
07:30As opponents of Jesus, they are severely condemned as hypocrites, but when Paul is brought before the Sanhedrin, he identifies himself as a Pharisee insofar as he is a believer in the resurrection.
07:47The Zealots
07:48The Zealots, whose name means zealous ones, are those who interpret any Jewish or foreign lordship as contrary to the reign of God, but their stance leads them to resist through armed uprising.
08:06This is a group that is not mentioned in the Holy Scriptures.
08:11Almost all the information we have about them comes entirely from the historian Flavius Josephus.
08:17The traditional way of understanding the movement of the Zealots can be summarized as follows.
08:25The revolt against the Roman government was allegedly the work of a single party.
08:31The other groups that were known would have been groups that developed within a single party or would be different names for the same reality.
08:43The Zealot party founded by Judas the Galilean in the year 6 AD.
08:51Within the gospels we find the designation of one of Jesus' disciples as Simon the Zealot.
09:00This may simply mean his zeal for the law, as when Paul designates himself with this characteristic.
09:10Today, the prevailing understanding is of the Zealots as a group formed in 66 AD that disappeared with the destruction of Jerusalem.
09:23Among the ideological characteristics of the Zealots, perhaps the most outstanding is their fervent expectation of the end of times.
09:33The meaning of his name comes from the Aramaic pious and faithful or from the Hebrew doers, although these are not mentioned in the Bible.
09:46Flavius Joseph was a witness to its existence as early as the middle of the 2nd century BC, in times after the Maccabean rebellion, which culminated in the possession of political and religious power by the Hasmonean dynasty.
10:04Since they had no political aspirations, they distanced themselves from those who would later become the Sadducees and the Pharisees.
10:13The number of members belonging to this group was estimated at around 4,000.
10:20It is possible that his disappearance took place at the end of the revolt against Rome.
10:26The most prominent characteristic of this group was community life, which was strongly structured.
10:35Their separation from other Jews, celibacy, moral rectitude, modesty, communal meals, and the use of a white habit.
10:47Their lifestyle was carried out in the desert by creating a community similar to Christian monastic communities.
10:55They were trying to remain pure for the arrival of the new Aaron and Elijah.
11:02Some of the data provided seems to indicate that this group may have had some influence on early Christianity.
11:11Thank you.
11:12Thank you.
11:13Thank you.
11:14Thank you.
11:15Thank you.
11:16Thank you.
11:17Thank you.
11:18Thank you.
11:19Thank you.
11:20Thank you.
11:21Thank you.
11:22Thank you.
11:23Thank you.
11:24Thank you.