00:28The discoverers
00:30They offer us all the guarantees of happiness
00:32An exemplary light
00:36Who enlightens, who prospers
00:38And opens the way to the dreams of humans
00:42They found levers to lift the world
00:47And thanks to them, the Earth wanted to play ring-around-the-rosie
00:52Turn, turn, all the wheels of locomotion
00:57And cars following each other in a line
01:00And they march by, then quickly speed away
01:02The discoverers
01:04He is already riding other chimeras
01:06So that we may progress in the wisdom of our old age
01:13The discoverers
01:18The discoverers
01:26Where could he be?
01:28I hope nothing has happened to him
01:30It's true, we're all so used to seeing him among us
01:34Maestro, he's as solid as a rock, just like me.
01:36Of course, he's invulnerable, our friend.
01:40Yeah, yeah
01:44What a civilization, oh!
01:46Oh, what an organization!
01:48What traffic!
01:49What a demonstration, oh!
01:53Well, the Chinese, at least they're the ones
01:55Oh, sorry children
01:58Sorry for being late
02:00You see, I was studying the Chinese
02:03And as I was saying
02:05Oh no, no, I wasn't telling you anything at all.
02:09So naturally, that delayed me a bit.
02:12The traffic is appalling.
02:14It's freezing cold.
02:15Oh, that's the beard!
02:17I mean, look at my beard.
02:19Hey, could you, my boy, turn up the heat a little?
02:22And you, make me a little bit of hot tea?
02:25THANKS
02:43Ah, the Chinese, of course, always the Chinese.
02:46What are we going to talk about today, the Chinese?
02:51Finally, I mean, what big problem is this?
02:55Of the earth and its future?
02:58Ecology?
03:00Personally, I prefer we talk about cowboys and then Indians.
03:04And bam, bam!
03:05Well, actually, it was the Chinese who invented guns.
03:11Well before everyone else
03:13And the gunpowder, and the cannons, and the porcelain
03:18Yes, the Chinese discovered it 1700 years before others
03:22And the playing cards
03:23Yes, it's the Chinese again.
03:27Five centuries before everyone else
03:35These Chinese are bothering us
03:36I know what we're going to talk about
03:41Look, everything around us, this whole universe, made up of familiar objects
03:45It wasn't always this way
03:47We have artificial light in this comfortable house
03:51Central heating
03:52The water in the taps
03:55The phone
03:56Television and so many other things
03:59All of this seems obvious to you.
04:02But it took thousands of years.
04:05And an immense amount of effort and ingenuity
04:07To get to this point
04:13So if you would like
04:14We're going to talk about the great explorers
04:17Great discoveries of humankind
04:21Of all those who have contributed to making today's world
04:25Of those who will shape the world of tomorrow
04:27So, is that clear?
04:32I prefer cowboys.
04:34This is going to be boring again.
04:36No, it's not going to be boring.
04:38Not boring at all
04:39This is the story of human genius
04:41Barbant?
04:43But it's the most exciting of all the novels.
04:45What would we be?
04:47What would our world be like?
04:48Without the genius of inventors?
04:51Huh?
04:52Let's see
04:52Do you want to tell me?
04:55Huh?
04:57But maestro, what does all this have to do with the Chinese?
05:00It's as I was telling you
05:02The Chinese discovered everything.
05:04Well before the others
05:05Finally, almost everything
05:07Paper, maps, the decimal system
05:09The steam engine, the parachute
05:13Matches
05:14The compass
05:16Blood circulation
05:18All of this, one to two thousand years before the others
05:22And the cognac
05:23That surprises you, doesn't it?
05:27The mechanical clock
05:31The printing press
05:34And the rockets, the chain drive
05:36Suspension bridges
05:38And oil
05:39And...
05:40And none of this is known.
05:42Finally, almost no one
05:44So, you will be among the few who know.
05:47Maestro
05:47There are also many other famous inventors in human history.
05:52Archimedes
05:53Gutenberg
05:53Galileo
05:54Pastor
05:55Edison
05:55And many others, right?
05:57Yes, yes, of course, of course
05:59So, listen
06:00This time, we're going to talk about what the Chinese have discovered.
06:04Afterwards, we'll talk about the others
06:05Of all the others
06:06Do we agree?
06:08Yes !
06:11But let's start from the beginning.
06:13The first inventors of humanity were undoubtedly animals.
06:18Birds, monkeys
06:30The first inventors of humanity were undoubtedly animals.
06:34The first inventors of humanity were undoubtedly animals.
06:42The first inventors of humanity were undoubtedly animals.
07:21Of course, they were often helped by chance.
07:25But first, one had to think about exploiting chance.
07:38Oh, here we go!
07:40Let's go!
08:14Let's go!
08:40These were the inventors of the first tool, the first weapon, the first fire.
08:48Later, as large animals that serve as food sources become scarcer,
08:53Man will discover another way to meet his food needs.
08:58Discover agriculture.
09:07At this point in agriculture, we will return to the Chinese.
09:11As early as the 6th century BC, they were familiar with online culture.
09:16Intensive weeding.
09:18The iron plowshare and, a little later, the multi-row seed drill.
09:22These techniques will significantly improve yield,
09:25It will take the West more than 2000 years to adopt them.
09:292000 years, can you believe it?
09:34This is the beer of our Gauls.
09:36But the Chinese knew about this strong beer 1500 years earlier.
09:41Does that surprise you?
09:45By the way, where was I?
09:48To agriculture.
09:50Ah yes, or perhaps agriculture.
09:52Well, that brings us straight to the harness.
09:55Imagine, back in the days of the Order, I'm speaking to you,
09:58the classic harness, with a single withers,
10:00it was compressing the horse's throat, which was suffocating the poor creature.
10:07So, a Chinese ancestor came up with the idea of the harness with traces,
10:11a strap or thong securely in place around the chest.
10:16That's a breather.
10:24A little later, a great-grandson of my Chinese counterpart
10:28had another idea.
10:30The collar harness rests on the shoulders.
10:34A revolution.
10:35The same beast would be able to pull loads ten times heavier.
10:45And a thousand years again.
10:48It will take the West another thousand years
10:50to invent the collar harness.
10:53Wait, now I think of that.
10:55I am now going to talk to you about the stirrup.
10:57Do you want to know how people used to get on a horse before stirrups?
11:01Well, I'll tell you.
11:18There were, of course, other methods.
11:31There were, of course, other methods.
11:38The stirrup was unknown to the Egyptians, Greeks, and Romans.
11:42So, to get around, you want to know how it worked?
11:47Meanwhile, what about the Chinese?
12:14Of course, it was necessary to master the technique of metal casting.
12:20But obviously, here again, the Chinese were two thousand years ahead.
12:28Metal stirrups.
12:35This will change the face of the world.
12:39Coming from the depths of Asia, the invincible misers will surge forth.
12:50And that is how the Chinese stirrup enabled the rise of chivalry in the West.
12:55But it's incredible what these Chinese have invented.
12:58Not everything they say is true.
13:00It's just to annoy us.
13:04And that's not even telling you everything.
13:06There are too many things.
13:08Imagine!
13:09They found the compass before anyone else.
13:14The magic lantern, ancestor of cinema.
13:17The cardan shaft that will provide the automotive transmission.
13:21Hydropower.
13:26The steam engine.
13:28The locks.
13:30Waterboats.
13:32The rudder.
13:36Look, in the third century,
13:38sixteen centuries before the West,
13:40They discover the biological control of insects.
13:49Those that attack the fruit are destroyed by their fellow creatures.
14:01In the eleventh century, they would invent...
14:10The technique for recovering submerged objects.
14:34Oh, oh, oh, oh.
14:36Oh, oh, oh.
14:43Ah, you're au-o-o
14:49He he he, well, that's good
15:01Ah ah
15:09Much later, in the 20th century, in Europe, things would not be much better in this area.
15:16It was in 1894 that Baden-Powell first flew using a kite.
15:23He drew his inspiration from birds.
15:25Otto Lilienthal would also pave the way for aviation.
15:28But the first person to fly a kite, and even then quite against his will, was a young Chinese prince.
15:35But let's start at the beginning.
15:38The Chinese were familiar with kites as early as the 5th century BC.
15:43The chronicle recounts that during the siege of a large city, the besieged used kites to make their presence known.
15:49their fate to their monk friends.
15:55I don't know if it happens that way, but it's a nice story, isn't it?
15:59I now have one that is much less pretty.
16:16At that time, the evil Emperor Cao Yang reigned.
16:20who had his own unique way of freeing his noble prisoners.
16:28The young Prince Huang managed to fly like this for a few kilometers.
16:33So he was the first flying man, 1300 years before Baden-Powell.
16:39I've already told you about a bridge.
16:41We will now come to the suspension bridge.
16:44Everyone agrees on this, it definitely comes from China.
17:05So this is the first suspension bridge.
17:08How long ago was that?
17:11Well, we don't know.
17:13In any case, later.
17:22Huh? What are they doing, huh? What are they doing?
17:28But what are they doing, huh? You can tell me.
17:33But it will never fire.
17:38It'll never fire, I tell you.
17:47The Handland bridge was built in the 3rd century BC.
17:50Here again, it would take the West 2000 years to discover this technique.
18:01Here we go.
18:25This time, Europe will only need five short centuries.
18:28to reach this level of perfection.
18:30I am now going to talk to you about the parachute.
18:32It is generally believed that Da Vinci was the first to think of it.
18:36However, this discovery predates him.
18:45Now look at the story of this young man.
18:47He is a future emperor of the Xia dynasty.
19:20This story took place 3000 years before our era.
19:25Much later, a little before the year 1100...
19:39Hehe, we win at everything.
19:40No, it won't fit in the workshop.
19:44So I'm going to jump with it.
19:46No, it's too heavy, you'll crush it.
19:48So what do we do?
19:50I have an idea, here's what I propose.
19:59Oh, I'm jumping.
20:04No, you're too heavy, it won't work.
20:05You're going to kill yourself.
20:08So what do we do?
20:10I'm the one who's going to jump.
20:12I am the lightest.
20:13You wait, I'll come back for it and we'll take the rest.
20:24This took place in 1080.
20:26And later...
20:49The French ambassador who was present recorded this extraordinary event in writing.
20:56One hundred years later, in Paris, while the Montgolfier brothers were inventing the hot air balloon, this document fell under their interested eyes.
21:03Extraordinary, incredible, finally a man who flies.
21:06But surely, Mr. Garnerin, you don't actually intend to jump into the void?
21:10Yes, Mr. Montgolfier, yes.
21:12To fly freely in the air.
21:14A lifelong dream.
21:16What the Chinese have done, I can do better.
21:20Having reached an altitude of 700 to 800 meters with one of your balloons, I release everything and...
21:24And so the invention of the parachute came straight from China.
21:28The first writing medium was undoubtedly the clay tablets of the Sumerian period.
21:33And that was 6000 years ago.
21:35Later came the papyri of the Egyptians.
21:43Paper, however, was invented by the Chinese around the second century BC.
21:47And this paper will find some surprising uses.
21:51Paper.
21:53More paper.
22:00Still paper.
22:11Cease fire!
22:14There you go, I'm offering you the end of the war and you'll trade your paper armor for our armor.
22:20metal.
22:20All right ?
22:22But why are you doing this?
22:25Your armor is at least as strong and much lighter than ours.
22:29It's much more practical for setting off on new conquests.
22:33So, is that clear?
22:34Come on, you others, get undressed!
22:40Around 810, the Chinese introduced paper money.
22:47Did you see? Just a piece of paper.
22:50You can do as much as you want.
22:52We're going to be rich, rich!
22:55Yeah, yeah, we're gonna be rich, rich!
23:09But counterfeiting is punishable by death.
23:16It was only in the 13th century that Europe became familiar with paper.
23:2015 centuries after China.
23:22And paper money only appeared in the 17th and 18th centuries.
23:26868, the first book printed on paper, the Diamond Sutra, a sacred text.
23:32In 1041, a Chinese man, Li Cheng, invented movable type.
23:3526 characters in the West, up to 400,000 in China.
23:39And these were the Mongol conquests.
23:41Here we are at the borders of the German Empire.
23:43Where, as if by a miracle, printing would soon appear.
23:48But our Chinese friends haven't only invented positive things.
23:51Rifles, mortars, cannons.
23:56Fire lance, flamethrower.
24:00Yes indeed, even for that, they didn't lack imagination.
24:04And the gunpowder, while their alchemists seek an elixir of longevity,
24:08Now they're going to find a way to shorten men's lives.
24:14The powder.
24:15And the rockets created for celebration.
24:19Perhaps it is human nature to make harmful what should bring them joy or be to them.
24:24useful.
24:37In a few more centuries, rockets will reach the West.
24:50But all of this is not inevitable.
24:53Inventions can and should signify progress, not aggression or a desire for domination.
24:59If he so chooses, man can be useful, benevolent, and sometimes even brilliant.
25:06Discoverers shape better worlds for us.
25:10With their eyes turned towards the sky, their thoughts wander elsewhere.
25:16Spinning hands and snow of stars, planets, and comets.
25:21Here the man takes off, he is about to leave the ground.
25:23My words are that he should fly away.
25:25Tomorrow, they will lead us to other heights.
25:30Because for them, man is only at the beginning of his story.
25:33The discoverers!
25:39The discoverers!
Comentarios