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Dès 1804 et l'expédition de Lewis et Clark, les américains ont cherché à étendre leurs territoires vers l'Ouest. Empiétant sur la terre des indiens, ceux-ci résistent. Ainsi les cherokees furent expulsés. Après le voyage de John Frémont en 1850, les colons s'installèrent au sud sur les territoires apaches où Cochise s'opposa à eux. Plus au nord, avec la création de la Piste Bozeman, les sioux et leurs chefs Nuage Rouge, Crazy Horse et Sitting Bull furent chassés.
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00:27The Americas
00:34The adventure was sometimes dramatic
00:37Often this was the end of heroes
00:41It's not easy, but it's magical.
00:44To make a brand new, beautiful watch
00:47All of us rekindled the torch at some point.
00:51Going further, going higher
00:54And their dream came true
01:01We are now here in the Americas.
01:05Just as you imagined them
01:08It's up to you to create this fantastic world
01:12Something we once dreamed of
01:14That everything works hand in hand
01:18To go to the end of destiny
01:22On this earth without hope
01:28A land of brotherhood
01:37So we witnessed the gold rush in its very early stages
01:40Yes, it was yesterday, or rather the day before yesterday.
01:42And in the middle of the 18th century
01:44While the United States already has 23 million inhabitants
01:47The largest European power, France, has only 36 million
01:545 American cities have 100,000 inhabitants or more
01:58New York has 500,000 of them.
02:00Already parked between Washington Square and Union Square
02:03Manhattan, Brooklyn, these are just a few country houses that are difficult to access.
02:09Chicago has about 10,000 residents
02:11Dallas must have at most 300
02:13There are few railways
02:14By the way, Maestro
02:16Why do you never talk to us about the Indians?
02:18That's true, why?
02:18Pierre, we're not wrong
02:19We never see them attacking convoys like in the movies
02:23Escalating Whites
02:25You need to know, children
02:27Things didn't happen exactly like that
02:29Do you see
02:30We have been particularly unfair to the Indians.
02:32Their image has been tarnished
02:33It gave me a better conscience.
02:36In fact, in a few decades
02:37This courageous and proud people
02:39Was almost exterminated by the action
02:40Harmful to the Whites
02:41But let's go back a little bit.
02:43In 1804, President Jefferson commissioned two officers
02:47Clark and Lewis
02:48To go and explore the Far West and Louisiana
02:51Which has just been ceded by France to the United States
02:59There !
03:02These bison are our most precious asset
03:04These lands are immense.
03:05But they are uninhabitable and unusable, President Jefferson
03:09Ah yes, well at least now we know for sure.
03:12Let us reserve the good lands of the West for our pioneers.
03:14And let's drive the Indians back into the western deserts
03:36You are on our land
03:38You are putting down our weapons
03:47Go away !
03:48No way, this is our home.
03:50Let the Indians go west
03:52Beyond the Mississippi
03:53I don't want to see a single one of them on this side of the river anymore.
03:55And the five civilized tribes, President Jackson
03:57The Krix, the Choctaw, the Chiroki
03:59Should we leave them on their land or not?
04:00Take them to the other side of the Mississippi
04:03In the Oklahoma desert
04:04Promise them everything they want
04:06And if that's not enough, use force.
04:22The Chiroki, in order to obey, had Americanized themselves.
04:26They had built schools and churches
04:30Craftsmen, farmers, they owned 30 mills
04:3310 series, 60 wheelwright's shops
04:36300 plows, 700 looms
04:40As livestock farmers, they had built up a herd
04:42Of 22,000 head of cattle, plus 8,000 horses
04:4446,000 percent
04:5030,000 men will be deported
04:54You must go to other lands
04:56More conducive to your happiness
04:57Jackson had decreed
04:59Thousands of them will perish along the way
05:03They were promised that their new land would belong to them.
05:06As long as the trees will grow
05:08May the rivers flow
05:10A strange promise
05:11Which will not be held any more than will be
05:13The hundreds and hundreds of treaties signed with the Indians
05:16Tell me, maestro, why did they hate the Indians so much, Jackson?
05:19For what ?
05:20Is it possible to hate others when they are different?
05:22I know, it's a question I've often asked myself, children
05:25Yes, yes, yes
05:26The Indians were neither angels nor saints.
05:29Only men
05:29It is undoubtedly reassuring to think
05:32That our excesses and shortcomings are the fault of others
05:36We have hurt and plundered all these others who are so different
05:39We still need to reduce and humiliate them
05:42To better justify ourselves
05:46It is our manifest destiny to spread
05:49On this continent that Providence has allotted to us
05:51This is what he wrote in 1846
05:54A man named John O'Sullivan
05:55This brilliant theory will allow the conquest of Texas
05:58After the ordeal at El Alamo
06:02Then that of New Mexico
06:04From California
06:07In the meantime, there had been Oregon in 1846
06:10It was about time, because we weren't going to be long.
06:12Discover the gold of the West
06:16Gold!
06:18Hooray!
06:19Gold!
06:19I found gold!
06:21But for that, we will need a champion of the West.
06:23The great explorer John Frémont
06:24This is probably the highest point in the Rockies
06:29I have a feeling we're going to climb again.
06:39We made a very perilous climb
06:41Through snow, ice and storm
06:43I had to climb over the vertical walls of the precipices.
06:46And often clinging to the edge of a bottomless crevasse
06:50Okay, we're going to split into two groups.
06:55While you follow the shore
06:56Preuss, Jessie and me
06:57We will go down the rapids
07:21Exploring this country proves to be fraught with danger
07:23We nearly drowned during a rapids descent
07:29Latest news
07:31Read the Fremont report
07:32Washington Post
07:33Go and make your fortune in the West
07:34Read about the adventure corners of Saint-François
07:36Ask the Washington Post
07:38This is how, following the Frémont campaign
07:40Thousands of wagons set out to conquer the West
07:43But have you ever seen that before?
07:45But what about the Indians in all of this? What happens to them?
07:47Of course, the pioneers will quickly spread across the territory
07:50That had been given to the Indians
07:51So that they can live there until the end of time.
07:53Remember, as long as the trees will grow
07:55May the rivers flow
08:00Let's first look at the Southern Indians
08:01The fearsome Apaches
08:02Their leader, Cochise
08:09At first, he will fraternize with the Americans
08:11Believers are different from Mexicans
08:13Who massacred by treachery
08:15His father and his four brothers
08:21He will even grant them the right to build a relay
08:24Near Apache Pass, his estate
08:30But Cochise, in turn, will fall victim to treachery.
08:35A young lieutenant, fresh and polished from West Point
08:37He invites her to a meeting one day
08:40Accompanied by his wife and one of his children
08:42And other members of his family
08:43The Apache chief goes there without suspicion.
08:54Come on, you others, come!
09:00With three bullets in the body
09:01Cochise will rejoin his family
09:03And this man who desired peace
09:04will find himself forced to fight
09:08He will do this with fury, without compromise.
09:18Here we go, here we go!
09:40And the Civil War has just broken out.
09:42For another ten years, Cochise will continue to fight
09:46Harassing travellers, prospectors, and settlers
09:49And when Cochise dies
09:51Another legendary figure, the Apache Hieronimo
09:53Go resume the fight
09:55And this will continue until his troops are decimated.
10:03Look at the map carefully
10:05This is where Apache country was located
10:06And here the Apache passes where the action has just taken place.
10:09That I just told you
10:10Let's now go further north
10:12All the way to the land of the Cheyenne and the Sioux
10:14Like the Apaches
10:16These are proud, independent peoples
10:19Valiant in war
10:22And the corruption of the whites has barely affected them.
10:47And the corruption of the white people helps them.
10:57No, the yellow metal that interests them so much is not inexhaustible.
11:01Far from it
11:01When they've had enough, the white men will leave our lands
11:28Quick! First, under the vacuum!
11:30Wow, that must be great water brought back from where you're going?
11:33So we're here to kindly take some of the burden off your shoulders.
11:36To help you a little bit
11:38Hey, wait!
11:42No !
11:43Fly !
11:46Fly !
11:49Fly !
12:05I saved my suitcase. I lost my cassette.
12:12For a symbolic 10 dollars, each pioneer was given a plot of 64 hectares.
12:18And it doesn't matter if it's on lands that were ceded to the Indians by treaty.
12:33Let's tear down the barriers of the white men, Crazy Horse. They're preventing the bison from getting within range of our arrows.
12:38That would mean war. For that, we need the agreement and support of all our brothers.
12:43It was then that, in order to secure the settlers, the government decided to build a road flanked by forts.
12:49between Fort Laramie and Virginia City in Montana.
12:55This will be the Boseman trail, right in the heart of Sioux hunting grounds.
13:01We can no longer feed our wives and children. Famine is setting in, red clouds.
13:07And now they are building forts on our hunting grounds.
13:12They want to starve us. And then, they'll herd us into their reserves so they can have us more easily at their mercy.
13:18Remember Sand Creek. 300 Cheyenne were massacred while under the protection of the army.
13:23American.
13:24Our surviving Cheyenne friends have come to join us and they are demanding vengeance, red clouds.
13:29We must demolish their enclosures and barriers. Let's attack their forts!
13:36Listen to me carefully, my brothers. When the Father of all in Washington sent us his soldier-leader,
13:40We were told that he only wanted to pass through our hunting grounds.
13:43to go and find the yellow metal in the far west.
13:45We showed goodwill and let the snake slither among us.
13:50And now, white people are settling quietly on our land.
13:54They drive the bison away. They build forts.
13:57Yeah, yeah, he's right, red clouds.
13:59That's why I prefer to die fighting rather than die of hunger.
14:03My brothers, I am in favor of war.
14:22Ah!
14:24Oh!
14:27Oh!
14:30Ah!
14:31Ah!
14:31Ah!
14:44The white men have new weapons, rifles that talk multiple times.
14:48We are not well-equipped enough to attack them head-on.
14:50We will fight differently.
15:15So, Miss Kitty, I told you your fears were unfounded.
15:19Tonight, we will sleep in Fort Kenny.
15:21And this data on Native Americans only includes the heavy-handed approach.
15:24And they know we are the strongest.
16:29Give me 80 men ready for anything,
16:32and I'm confident I can beat the Sioux soundly and cross the country from end to end.
16:35It's clear you don't know the Sioux very well, Captain Fetterman.
16:38And I, General Carrington, pledge to bring you the scalp of Red Cloud
16:42and Crazy Horse's on top of that.
16:44We teach these savages such a lesson that it will disgust them.
16:47May heaven help you defeat them, Captain Brown. Come in!
16:52In general, our lumberjacks and their escort have just been attacked at the wood fort.
16:57Let 30 cavalrymen supported by 150 infantrymen be dispatched to their aid.
17:02Good evening!
17:03Understood, take command, Captain Fetterman.
17:05Captain Brown will assist you.
17:07But be careful, gentlemen.
17:09Do not, under any circumstances, pursue the Indians.
17:11Is that clear?
17:17There you go! Long live peace! Long live peace! Long live the stalks! Long live the stalks!
17:39Forward, charge!
17:43That's good! Long live peace!
18:17And that is how the bravery of Captain Fetterman and his unfortunate soldiers came to an end.
18:28And the entire Indian families, women, children, old people, all came to the show to see their...
18:36valiant warriors.
18:38But not all battles will always be so favorable to the Indians.
18:44And many brave men will lose their lives under the fire of canals, machine guns, and repeating rifles.
18:52But the fighting spirit and resistance of the Native Americans made an impression in Washington.
18:57After an investigation, a commission declared that the Montana road and its forts were in violation of rights.
19:04In 1868, peace was offered to the Indians at Fort Laramie.
19:11The Black Hills belong to our people, peace yes, but the white soldiers must evacuate our lands and our
19:16hunting grounds.
19:17This would be one of the few Indian victories.
19:19The Bosman trail is closed, the effort evacuated.
19:25But it will be a short-lived victory.
19:27General Sherman will not want to end on a defeat.
19:34The hunt resumed in the green valleys as in the best of times.
19:40Further east in the country, men are working on the railway line.
19:48A herd of bison over there!
19:51Let's go, guys!
19:54To hunt, the bison will gradually disappear.
19:57Three million animals will be slaughtered each year.
20:00Buffalo Bill alone would kill more than 4000 in one year.
20:04This is what earned him his reputation.
20:07Of course, the Indians will react to the massacre of their main resources.
20:15Yes, General Sherman.
20:16Well, let him continue.
20:17I am convinced that the bison hunters will do more to resolve this vexing Indian issue
20:22that the army has not been able to do in 30 years of fighting.
20:37We are listening, General Terry.
20:40My government has decided to build a railway line between the Big Horn and the Black Hills, gentlemen.
20:44What price are you asking for the Black Hills?
20:46Since Red Cloud withdrew, it is Sitting Bull, the seated bull, who has taken the lead.
20:51scientific warriors.
20:52All we ask is that you respect the treaties that white men signed, here are a few
20:57moons.
20:57The Black Hills are sacred lands, the home of the gods.
21:00We don't want white men there.
21:03Do not break your silence and the treaties will be respected.
21:06The Great Spirit gave us this country to live in.
21:08When you arrived at our home, we welcomed you as brothers
21:11And now you are killing our game and trying at all costs to take over our lands.
21:16We don't want your civilization.
21:19We want to live as our fathers lived.
21:22Respect the treaties you signed by living in peace with us, otherwise return to where you came from.
21:27You know the power of the American armed forces.
21:30We will have to consider as rebels those who leave the reserves.
21:33They will be punished.
21:36General Gibbon and his men leave Fort Ellis to subdue the Indians.
21:41Under the watchful eye of General Terry, other troops in turn depart from Fort Lincoln.
21:47and under the command of General Crook.
21:58The army sends out the Indian scouts it now has at its disposal on a reconnaissance mission.
22:20Look.
22:33Look, the tunics aren't running away, chief.
22:43Colonel Custer, with the 7th cavalry regiment, you will locate the rebel camp that has been reported to us.
22:49With your men, you will flank him to take him from behind while we attack him.
22:52Yes, General.
23:03Major Reynaud, you will cross the river there with three companies and you will attack from the southeast.
23:08Major Bintin, you should also take three companies.
23:11Block the eastern valley, you will serve as a reserve.
23:14I, with five companies, am going to attack in the northeast.
23:17Ahead !
23:37We're going to cut off their pensions.
23:48Subtitling by Radio-Canada
24:03Subtitling by Radio-Canada
24:23The Indian victory at Little Big Horn will shock American public opinion.
24:27And Custer will be made into a martyr of civilization.
24:33Just think, Custer, who was nicknamed the Indian killer, had just died.
24:37And the war will continue.
24:38Without mercy, they destroy, they loot, they burn the Indian villages.
24:43Faced with overwhelming American superiority, many leaders bowed down and agreed to return to the reserves.
24:49However, some are still resisting.
24:51This is the case with Crazy Horse.
24:53They will come and offer him and his family a reserve in bison country.
24:57Having lost the means to fight, he finally accepted.
25:00Okay, okay, I'm lying.
25:02But how will all this end?
25:03A few months later, they wanted to put Crazy Horse in prison for a minor offense.
25:08But when he refuses, a soldier will pierce him with his bayonet.
25:12He was barely 33 years old.
25:13This is the end of the man who was the greatest of war leaders, the bravest of the brave.
25:18As for Sitting Bull and Gall, contrary to all promises made, they will be thrown in prison.
25:23But Fallobid will secure their release so that he can participate in his show.
25:27Gall will refuse.
25:29I am not a freak show attraction, I do not want to be exhibited in public.
25:32But there will still be some sporadic resistance, such as that of Joseph, leader of the pierced noses.
25:36A military genius who, to avoid the reserves, makes his family—man, woman, and child—undergo a 2700-kilometer retreat
25:43kilometers in 100 days.
25:45While fighting successful battles against numerically superior but exhausted Fortians, he
25:51will have to surrender.
25:52Geronimo and his Apaches will once again wage a memorable battle against the soldiers.
25:57By the end of the 1880s, all the Indian tribes would be confined to reservations under the control of
26:03the army.
26:04In general, an arid, uncultivable territory, without mineral interest.
26:09And that will be the end of all Indian resistance.
26:13How many Indians were there when Christopher Columbus arrived?
26:16Hmm, one million, ten million, at the end of the 19th century, 250,000 remained, it is thought, in
26:25a territory shrinking more and more, like a piece of shagreen leather.
26:32That these nations, so formidable in bravery and majesty, should have found themselves reduced to the state of pupils, to the distressing
26:38poverty,
26:38This is something that must be acknowledged and is difficult for a man of goodwill to admit.
26:58This is the story I told you, this is the story I told you, this is
27:08the story I told you.
27:13Thank you for watching this video!
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