- hace 1 día
Categoría
😹
DiversiónTranscripción
00:00Let's go!
00:41Let's go!
01:26The 18th century
01:35The day is less advanced than I thought!
01:39Loyalty, religion, hierarchy, tradition – these foundations of society are being called into question.
01:43The mind no longer wants to tolerate anything whose validity it has not recognized.
01:46Given the virtue one demands of a servant, do you know many masters who would be worthy of being valets?
01:50For Montesquieu, Providence no longer has a place in the evolution of societies.
01:54Like Locke, the English philosopher, he advocates the separation of powers.
01:58Diderot advocates that we refer to science and no longer to metaphysics or religion.
02:03Buffon goes further and claims that the creation of the world dates back much more than 6 million years.
02:07The barbarian!
02:08You were always insulting each other, our poor century!
02:10And what has he produced to warrant praise?
02:12Sottiche of all kinds!
02:14Freedom of thought, universal attraction, electricity, the encyclopedia, etc.
02:19The reactions are violent.
02:20Attacked by the church, Buffon retracts and continues even more vigorously.
02:23Diderot's encyclopedia, the first volume of which has just been published, is banned.
02:28Nevertheless, Rousseau's social contract became the bible of revolutionaries.
02:33He's our man, let's move away until he's gone.
02:38And Voltaire, a fierce enemy of injustice, will always be at the forefront of the fight
02:42against arbitrariness, obscurantism, and fanaticism.
02:46That's the reason, my friend.
02:48I am your master, so that I am always right.
02:504, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11.
02:54But a great recipe!
02:58Here we go ?
02:59Oh no, that can't be very funny.
03:01Let's go to the helmet instead, gentlemen!
03:03To philosophize is to restore reason to its full dignity and to allow it to reclaim its rights.
03:07It is about shaking off the yoke of opinion and authority.
03:09This is what Madame de Lambert wrote at the beginning of the 18th century, the century of women.
03:13The gentle and inflexible Maria Theresa is Empress of Austria.
03:16Catherine the Great was Princess of Russia.
03:19Madame du Deuf holds court there.
03:21Madame du Barry took over from Madame de Compadour,
03:24who governed France for 20 years.
03:27As for the king, if he wants what is best for his subjects,
03:30He lacks the necessary vigor to bring his intentions to fruition.
03:33... considerable that it contains in the bar you are holding.
03:36And you, gentlemen, will be struck by electricity.
03:39as soon as I pinch this copper wire.
03:46Who knows?
03:47Abbot Nollet.
03:48What's the point of all this? Can someone tell me?
03:51What's the point of all this? Can someone tell us?
03:53Electricity. I ask what it can be used for.
03:55And everything that is needed to prevent it can rightly be called unnecessary precaution.
04:00Tonight is a disaster. The takings are only three pieces.
04:03Here's one for Maestro, one for you, and one for you, Pierrot.
04:06I'm giving you my coin, Pierrette.
04:07Me too.
04:09Oh no!
04:09Oh no, I cannot accept.
04:11Oh, well that's great!
04:12Okay, so, to make everyone happy, share with him and Pierre with me.
04:18Ah, and why not the other way around, eh? Why not Pierrette with me?
04:22And here, there are two of us?
04:24Okay then, it's almost over.
04:26Let's go on tour.
04:27Foreign courts want French documents.
04:29I could see myself working at Post-Tram.
04:31Oh, and I, come before Empress Maria Theresa.
04:36And me, standing before Catherine of Russia.
04:39Mr. Pierre, you play wonderfully.
04:43No, no, no, no, no, no, no, no.
04:45Risk being ambushed by Prussian bayonets?
04:48Or gutted by the star-connac?
04:51No, thank you very much.
04:54Okay, then, let's vote by a show of hands.
04:56Those who are in favour, raise your hand.
05:00It's decided. We're leaving tomorrow.
05:03Apart from that, in 1768, the agreement was reached.
05:07It is just in time for Napoleon to be born French in a year's time.
05:11Oh, well, I almost forgot about my friends.
05:12In 1771, Cugnot invented the steam carriage.
05:14And the last volume of Diderot's encyclopedia has just been published.
05:18Unleashing enthusiasm and passion.
05:20But you didn't want to listen to me!
05:21It is the sum of the century's knowledge.
05:24but also an indictment against the absolute monarchy and the Church.
05:28That's it, that's it, that's it!
05:341775, in Prussia, Frederick II reigns.
05:37He is cultured, and the author of books in French.
05:38and aims to be an enlightened protector of literature and the arts.
05:42In Sebastian Bach came to his court,
05:44and Voltaire stayed there for three years.
05:46This does not prevent him from being despotic or anti-liberal.
05:48and convinced of the merits of the military organization.
05:51He will not hesitate, as soon as he comes to power,
05:54to use its powerful army
05:55to descend upon Austrian Silesia.
05:58Gentlemen recruiting sergeants...
06:00Gentlemen!
06:00What are they doing? It's time to leave now!
06:03Cheers!
06:06THANKS !
06:08May I ask you for a small signature?
06:10So.
06:12There you go, you sign here.
06:14Ah yes, thank you!
06:15Perfect !
06:17And you, here?
06:19You, whom I sign?
06:19There !
06:20Cheers to the emperor!
06:22What? Well then, hurry up, we're waiting for you!
06:25Two men have just signed their pledge!
06:27Don't attend, they belong to me!
06:29No, but you're presenting!
06:32And if you wanted, you could be my queen!
06:35Hey, come help me!
06:36Our friends are in trouble!
06:38That's none of my business, my own is enough for me!
06:40They were recruited dishonestly!
06:43Hey, take it easy!
06:45Hey, hi!
06:46Thanks for the tour!
06:48Hey!
06:48You've signed!
06:49You are a soldier now!
06:51And you will remain so!
06:51Frédéric will say he is overwhelmed by these weak and limp feelings.
06:55expressed by the French during the Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle,
06:58of which he is, however, the main beneficiary.
07:02Yes, oh!
07:03He's a bit impulsive, you know!
07:06Hey, that's it, see you soon!
07:08Yes, indeed!
07:08Oh, no!
07:10Poor guy!
07:12This poor animal won't go far!
07:15We need another horse!
07:17Loaded as we are, a single beast won't be able to do it!
07:19There's a farm over there!
07:21Ah good ?
07:22Hey, friend!
07:26Ah, you're the doctor!
07:28Madam !
07:29We were waiting for you!
07:30I don't know what's going on!
07:33My parents have been ill ever since King Frederick ordered us to plant potatoes!
07:39We obeyed him!
07:40And we ate the leaves as soon as they sprouted!
07:43What, you ate the leaves?
07:45But it's the bulbs that you have to eat!
07:47The roots!
07:48Ah, we'll fix that!
07:53Served with butter, it will be excellent!
07:56Well, there you are, cured!
07:58See, potatoes are delicious!
07:59But the roots, not the leaves!
08:01Would this horse appeal to you?
08:03How do I pay for it?
08:04Soldiers! Soldiers!
08:06Let's go, they're coming!
08:08Big dig, firm dig!
08:13You will plant these potatoes and you will eat them too, your sprout!
08:17That's an order!
08:19In 1772, Frederick would instigate the shameful partition of Poland
08:23with the complicity of Maria Theresa and Catherine of Russia.
08:26His friend Voltaire will not raise a word of protest.
08:30Hadn't the sovereign paid for his noble words?
08:32Philosophers teach what it should be.
08:35And kings are only there to carry it out.
08:37What do we do?
08:38Oh, we're lost!
08:40Seize these people!
08:41Ah, my lads! We get what we pay for!
08:45Who are these foreigners?
08:47French people.
08:48I would like to know what you came to do in this country.
08:52Acting?
08:53Perfect! I invite you to come and play in my palace!
08:57But...
08:57Oh, well done, well done, well done, well done, well done!
09:00Sire, they are deserters!
09:02Still gestanden!
09:03Was machen Sie da?
09:05Maul zu, schweingesicht!
09:07He's coming to Posdam!
09:09I advise you to obey my orders, gentlemen.
09:14Liberalism is for external use.
09:17Inside, Frédéric thinks only of unifying a state that is yet to disappear.
09:22My friends, here at last is a suitable place for us to perform.
09:28From now on, we will have to reckon with Frederick the Great's Prussia.
09:40It was in 1762 that Catherine ascended to the throne of Russia.
09:44Almost, because there is her husband, the weak Peter III,
09:48who, barely in power, placed himself in the service of Frederick of Prussia,
09:52to whom he devotes a boundless admiration.
09:54It will be necessary to put it in the right order.
09:57That will be done quickly.
10:04There is still, somewhere deep in a dungeon,
10:06the pretender to the throne, Ivan VI, who reigned for a few months.
10:11The problem will also be resolved.
10:14And Catherine, empress at 33, will be able to continue the work of Peter the Great.
10:18modernizing his state, pushing back his borders from the Baltic to the Black Sea.
10:23Catherine the Great, also a patron of the arts and literature, was an enlightened despot.
10:28keeps for his personal use the enlightenment of the century and, for propaganda, its boisterous liberalism.
10:34Serfs are sold like cattle.
10:39This is a treatment I would gladly apply to some people.
10:45When Catherine received Diderot in 1773, she told him...
10:48With your grand principles, you can make good books and bad men.
10:51You are perpetuating misery among the people.
10:53What about human rights?
10:54You, my dear sir, only work on paper, which supports everything.
10:59Patamkin.
10:59Highness.
11:00What a beautiful city Saint Petersburg is.
11:02And it was also a Peter, the Great, who erected it.
11:04That river there is the Neba, the main communication route that runs alongside all the major buildings.
11:13And these pilings that are driven into the ground are so that we can build on the marshy ground.
11:18But let's be honest, doctor, when youth and love conspire to deceive an old man,
11:22Everything necessary to prevent it can well be called a good right, an unnecessary precaution.
11:45My dear Patamkin, I need your opinion on this matter.
11:49Enter.
11:52Your Highness, here are the French actors you wished to meet.
11:57Welcome. Welcome to you.
12:04GOOD.
12:09Is this young man also part of the troupe?
12:11Yes.
12:13That's because I'm going to be 38 years old, Your Majesty.
12:16Do you see that?
12:18Our actors will therefore perform in court.
12:23I want to talk to that boy in blue.
12:26At your service, Your Highness.
12:30Sir,
12:32Her Majesty wishes to speak with you about tonight's performance.
12:37Well, it's just that...
12:40Be careful, orders are not to be trifled with at the palace.
12:48So if I understand correctly, sir wants to play the four stones or perhaps the new big stones
12:52with this Catherine.
12:53Well done, this is a role that suits you.
12:54But what can I do about it?
12:55Well, I'll show you what I can do.
12:57Well no, our actors will not be performing in court.
13:00So, Pirette, that's a good idea, don't you think it's a shame?
13:04Whether it's a shame or not, we're leaving here.
13:07The vast estates of the secularized clergy,
13:10entire cities built in Ukraine and on the Volga,
13:13the separation of judicial and executive powers,
13:16large landowners subject to taxation,
13:18Despite everything, Catherine the Great will have deserved much credit from her country.
13:25The disparate Austrian Empire had 24 million inhabitants.
13:28In 1740, when the Habsburg throne fell to him,
13:31Marie-Thérèse is 23 years old.
13:33The covetousness of his neighbors is immediately aroused.
13:36Frederick II's fine new army seizes Selesia.
13:40France, Spain, Saxony, and Bavaria form an alliance with Prussia.
13:44Ah, how time flies, little Pierre is two years old today.
13:48But the pious and gentle Marie-Thérèse stood firm.
13:51Aided by her skilled minister Kautnitz,
13:53by his generals Down and Lassie,
13:56She will uphold the House of Austria against all odds.
14:01Drink, drink, drink!
14:03But what an idea in the south, you'll drink like that!
14:09This container is empty, sorry.
14:10There's nothing we can do for you, friends.
14:12I saw an inn earlier.
14:14Perhaps it could fill our container.
14:17It's there.
14:19Good morning, gentlemen.
14:20Please come in.
14:22I have a feeling these are good customers.
14:26We could offer them the glass of habit.
14:29Yes.
14:31Shall we retrace?
14:32No, thank you.
14:33No formalities.
14:34I don't like being refused when I live here.
14:37It's going to start again.
14:40It's just the two of us!
14:41Things are bad.
14:43Here we go ?
14:44Seize these men!
14:46This time, it seems to happen without time.
14:49Yes, finally.
14:51Perhaps it's still a recruitment problem.
14:53Provided he doesn't hurt them.
15:00I almost forgot.
15:08That's what I forgot.
15:11In 1772, the virtuous Maria Theresa reluctantly resigned herself to the immoral partition of Poland.
15:16And since she cannot oppose her Russian and Prussian neighbors, at least she will obtain the most
15:21big piece?
15:22Galicia.
15:29Come closer, come closer, housewives.
15:31Look at my good fruits, my good vegetables.
15:33Come closer, come and see.
15:37You're thirsty, stop.
15:38Come, here's an inn.
15:40Could we have a drink?
15:41What do you think?
15:43Oh, that's not a bad idea, I'll go with him.
15:46Hey!
15:46Oh no!
15:48Don't you think that's enough?
15:50But just a quick look.
15:59How are you ?
16:03Let's see this inn, it would be a miracle if we found no one here.
16:06You'll see, we'll pick up one or two of them in there.
16:08Do you think so?
16:11Married ?
16:12Good morning, gentlemen.
16:13Oh dear!
16:13Hey, wait!
16:14Prosite!
16:15Yes, that's it, Prosite, Prosite.
16:16Since 1765, Joseph, the eldest of the Empress's 16 children, has been associated with the reign.
16:21One of his daughters, Marie Antoinette, the Austrian, would experience a tragic fate on the throne of France.
16:26Schoenbrun Castle, please.
16:28Right in front of you, you see, he's right in front of you.
16:30Ah yes, thank you.
16:32The young Mozart was often a guest of the royal family at Schönbrunn Palace.
16:43Well done !
16:45Well done !
16:46Well done !
16:47Well done !
16:48Well done !
16:49Well done !
16:49Oh, that's good!
16:51Alright !
16:52Alright !
17:08The day is less advanced than I thought.
17:10Despite the difficulties, Marie-Thérèse's patient work would continue until 1918.
17:14and Vienna will remain the privileged place of a brilliant civilization.
17:17No, he's not an abbot, he's Raltier and noble, he's definitely Count Alma-Viva!
17:22I think it's that rascal Figaro!
17:28In 1783, it was in England that our French actors prepared to pitch their tents.
17:34Adam's theory, laissez-faire, laissez-passer, is the handbook of the English bourgeoisie.
17:39It will leave its mark on intellectual Europe and contribute to the rise of liberalism.
17:44David Hume, a disciple of Locke, will advocate the virtues of experience, which teaches oneself.
17:49Experience teaches him.
17:56So now I'm educated.
17:58Watt continues to improve his fire pump and will equip it with a reciprocating piston.
18:03Experience is the only thing that truly matters!
18:06I am becoming more and more educated.
18:08My God !
18:08Okay, okay, okay, okay!
18:10Yes, well that's fine, we'll do something else.
18:12Oh, what a big kid!
18:14Hello, hello, we'll be there soon.
18:16Oh no!
18:17Hill Graves, Arkwright, Crompton improved the spinning machine.
18:21Oh no, well, oh, oh!
18:23Go and see, there's the tabbed one!
18:24Cartwright will develop the mechanical loom.
18:27Ah, it looks like he's got it sorted.
18:29Ah, that, I'll...
18:41Oh, I wish I could do like him.
18:46Well, let's go.
18:53Oh no, no, it's not ready enough!
18:59Hello, come on, come on!
19:02Let's keep our beaches clean, please!
19:18Cast iron is made from the rooster.
19:20This is the industrial revolution and all forms of work are productive.
19:27Finally, for some more than for others.
19:29Our salaries!
19:30To combat the miserable condition of the proletariat,
19:33The first workers' union was created a few years ago, in 1776.
19:37The first strikes take place.
19:38Here, dear, put in some tobacco.
19:40That same year, 1776, saw the declaration of independence of the United States of America.
20:04She also witnessed the rejection of equality before taxation by the Parliament of Paris.
20:08Come on, come on, what?
20:10What, they're not going fast enough?
20:12No, but look, it's useless.
20:14If I were in the boat, I would quickly find myself in the lead.
20:17It wouldn't take long.
20:29What ?
20:34Oh yes, that's a success then.
20:37To avenge his defeat in the Seven Years' War,
20:40France is going to enter the American conflict.
20:43where Lafayette and Rochambeau would distinguish themselves.
20:46And you're straight, what's that all about?
20:47Go on, hit, hit, hit, hit!
20:49What a lazybones!
20:51Hit it, come on, hit it harder!
21:07At 24, William Pitt, the young man, has just taken the helm of the government to revive an economy compromised by
21:13the American war.
21:14And Wesley organizes a stripped-down, private Methodist church.
21:215,000 years after the Indus, 3,000 years after Crete,
21:25Mr. Macadam has just found a way to immortalize his name.
21:29Finally !
21:33It is clear that any individual who persecutes a man, his brother,
21:36Because he does not share his opinion, he is a monster, said Voltaire.
21:41Voltaire is no longer Hydro, nor d'Alembert, nor Rousseau.
21:45But their ideas are more alive than ever.
21:54This device of my invention will allow one to obtain without any...
21:57And you're not going to be done brainwashing this child anytime soon?
22:01You're getting on his nerves!
22:02Yes, look at it!
22:04Ouch!
22:05You're really getting on everyone's nerves!
22:07But wait, wait, what's gotten into you?
22:09Let go of me, you're crazy!
22:11But give me a go, for goodness' sake!
22:12Don't get so worked up!
22:17No, but he's crazy, isn't he!
22:20Ouch!
22:24Oh there there there there there!
22:33In America, the English were defeated.
22:36And the Treaty of Versailles, in 1783, recognized the independence of the United States.
22:42You're acting like children, but finally, stop bickering!
22:44Put them down! Put them down!
22:46There! There!
22:53The German Herschel discovers the planet Uranus.
22:56He studies Saturn's ring, the Milky Way.
22:58And the Swiss company Euler created the summer calculation.
23:00In nature, nothing is created, nothing is lost, everything is transformed!
23:03Voisier founded modern chemistry and Agrange founded analytical mechanics.
23:06Look!
23:07Oh, what is it?
23:08Oh, that's good!
23:10What's the point of going for a walk up there?
23:15That's stupid, what's the point?
23:16But do you think there are people there?
23:25Blanchard and Jeffreys will successfully cross the English Channel by balloon.
23:29Oh no, he's going to move!
23:34Come on! Let's destroy them!
23:43Death! Death to the invaders!
23:47Let's destroy them!
23:50Let's destroy them!
23:56But stop, come on, stop!
23:58But why are you doing this?
24:00It's just a wicked beast, and that machine is the devil himself!
24:02No, my friends, he is a man and this machine is progress!
24:06We don't want any wizards in our house, is that clear?
24:08But come now, my friends, listen to me!
24:10Don't argue, just go away!
24:12Shall we go?
24:14What are we being asked so politely to leave?
24:16Very well, I won't insist if that's your opinion.
24:18Well, sir, excuse me for being...
24:20The Age of Enlightenment, Kant would say, is the arrival of man at his majority.
24:25A witch!
24:35I'll see if there's room.
24:39Hi !
24:40Hey, friend!
24:41Hi !
24:45Wait, gentlemen!
24:49The same year that the American insurgents launched their declaration of independence,
24:53a summary of French philosophy of the Enlightenment,
24:57In 1776, the Parliament of Paris vehemently protested
25:00against the equality before taxation advocated by Turgot,
25:04Alone against everyone.
25:05Come on !
25:06Equality?
25:07An unacceptable system that would lead to disorder?
25:10The Learned Assembly applauded.
25:13It will soon experience further upheavals,
25:15This society refuses to reform.
25:17Subscribe!
25:19We've had enough!
25:21Subscribe!
25:22Subscribe!
25:25The Estates-General will be convened in Versailles on May 5, 1789.
Comentarios