00:01modal verbs are not easy but today I'm showing you how to use the but today's
00:07video is divided into two parts and this is very important part one we are going
00:13to take each and every one of them and I'm going to tell you all possible uses
00:19for each one in part two we're going to take the main uses and I'm going to give
00:27you all the different modal verbs that can be used to express this use but I'm
00:35also going to give you a power level and this is a key concept because modal verbs
00:40do not have the same power first things first what is a modal verb modal verbs are
00:49helping verbs they help other verbs and we use modals to talk about abilities for
00:56example she can swim she has the ability to swim the main verb is not can the
01:03main verb is swim but can is helping swim to show a different aspect of the verb
01:11possibilities he might come to the party it's possible that he will come to the
01:17party permissions if you ask for a permission you can say may I leave
01:22obligations you must wear a seat belt let's start with an easy one can can has
01:32six different uses here's the first one you can use it to show ability she can
01:39ride a bicycle she has the ability to ride a bicycle or you can use it as a
01:45negative ability I can't ride a bicycle for example number two permission you can
01:52use my car it means you are giving the person your permission to use your car possibility this
02:02road can be dangerous at night it means that this road has the possibility to be dangerous
02:09at night our request can you help me with my homework instead of saying hey help me with
02:17my homework ah it's much more polite to say can you help me it's a request number five an offer
02:25can I get you
02:27something to drink and number six prohibition so this one is at the negative form you can't smoke here it's
02:36not
02:36allowed you cannot smoke here let's move on to could could has five different uses the
02:46first one is as a polite request could you pass the salt we've seen a request with
02:52can but could is more polite instead of can you pass the salt you can say could you
02:58pass the salt suggestion you could wear your pink suit ah it would be a good idea to
03:06wear your pink suit past ability when I was a kid I could climb trees ah instead of I can
03:15climb
03:16trees I could in the past but now I probably cannot climb trees number four possibility the concert could be
03:27canceled if there is lightning and a lot of rain the concert has the possibility to be canceled number five
03:37conditional an imaginary situation so if I had more free time I could travel more in this case it's also
03:47a
03:48possibility but the first part of the sentence is a conditional sentence it's an if sentence if that condition is
03:56met having more free time
03:57then I have the possibility to travel more may I have your attention please may has three different uses
04:09number one as a permission may I go to the restroom number two possibility she may come to the party
04:19tonight
04:19she may come but we are not sure if she will come or not it's just a possibility and number
04:28three a wish or hope may
04:31you live a long and happy life so if you're making a toast with your friends for New Year's Eve
04:38for example may
04:39you live a long and happy life but you also know another one in the famous movie they say may
04:47the force be with you I think
04:49it's Star Trek or something like that let's check out might might has two different uses possibility it might rain
05:01tomorrow
05:01bring an umbrella ah so you see that many modal verbs show possibility might is another one that shows it
05:09it might rain tomorrow
05:11maybe it will rain maybe it will not rain but bring an umbrella because it's possible
05:17number two suggestion you might want to try updating your software so might is often used with might want to
05:28want to is following might you might want to try updating your software but you can also use it alone
05:36it might be a good idea to apologize
05:41you should know this one should should should has two different uses and they are extremely useful when you're offering
05:51advice you should see a doctor and number two expectation we should arrive in about 30 minutes I expect that
06:01we will arrive in about 30 minutes
06:05up next up next must three different uses first one is obligation you must wear a seat belt during takeoff
06:15ah so if you're taking a plane when you take off when you leave the airport you have the obligation
06:23to wear a seat belt
06:25number two deduction it can't be real it must be a fake ah so you're deducing that this one is
06:37probably not a real one so it must be a fake and number three prohibition you must not touch the
06:47paintings ah do not touch the paintings but you must not it's not allowed it's
06:54prohibited let's try a more difficult one will will as five different uses number one future action i will call
07:05you later easy one promise i will always love you ah i've heard that many times but very often it's
07:15not true oh number three offer i will help you with that i'm offering to help you with the boxes
07:24prediction prediction she will win the competition i think she will win the competition it's my prediction about the future
07:34and finally a spontaneous decision i will get the door so somebody is knocking at the door and you say
07:43oh there's someone at the door i will answer the door i will go and i will open the door
07:51and finally would would would has six different uses the first one is to make a polite offer would you
08:00like a cupcake
08:01ah very polite very nice yes please may i have one polite request would you mind closing the doors number
08:11three a past habit this one is very important it's a little bit difficult when we were kids we would
08:18play outside every
08:20every day when we were children we had the habit of playing outside every day we would number four conditional
08:29unreal if i were you i would buy it ah if i won the lottery i would give you the
08:36money it is not real it's just imaginary number five future in the past
08:44he thought he would finish the project earlier so in the past he thought to himself i will finish the
08:53project but when you look back at the past you say he thought he would finish the project earlier and
09:00the last one is for reported speech she said she would dye her hair pink look at what she said
09:07i think i'll dye my hair pink so she said she would dye her hair pink
09:14and of course she did modal verbs can get very confusing because some modals are used for the same purpose
09:25and that's where the confusion comes from now let's group them to make it easier we're going to take a
09:33look at possibility permission advice and request because these four are the four basic purposes for modal verbs
09:42number one possibility so which modal verbs can you use in this sentence to show possibility
09:51the sentence is my city be dangerous at night which one can you put in the blank you're ready you
10:01could say my city can be dangerous at night you could also say my city could be dangerous at night
10:09my city may be dangerous at night
10:16so we use can could may and might to show possibility now let's take a closer look if i say
10:26there can be traffic on the highway what is the level of possibility is it very possible or is it
10:36a little possible it is about eighty percent possible that there will be
10:42traffic with l transitory traffic on the highway so this concept here is the key concept because if you can
10:48is can there is a high possibility
10:50another is a high possibility what about this one there could be traffic on the highway it's about sixty percent
10:57sure so not as certain has confirmed
11:02May. There may be traffic on the highway. You're only at 50% now. And finally, the last one, there
11:11might be traffic on the highway. You're down to 30% possibility, so much lower than the other ones.
11:19You should try to remember 80%, 60%, 50%, 30% because it really shows that you can master modal verbs.
11:31Okay, which modal verbs can you use in this sentence to show permission?
11:36Okay, I give you the eight modal verbs that we have studied.
11:41I eat the last piece of cake.
11:44What would you say?
11:46You can say can. Can I eat the last piece of cake?
11:49You can say could. Could I eat the last piece of cake?
11:54May I eat the last piece of cake?
11:58Might. I'm putting might here, but might is a little bit different. I'm going to explain it later.
12:04And the last one is would, but this one is also different. Let me explain it in the next slide.
12:12There are five modal verbs that can be used to ask for permission.
12:17Can is the first one. Can I take a picture?
12:21Now, what is the politeness level?
12:24What would you say? Is it very polite or is it a little polite?
12:29It's not so polite. It's only 40%.
12:32Can I take a picture?
12:34If you say could I take a picture, is it more polite or less polite?
12:40It is more polite. Now you're at 60%.
12:44May I take a picture?
12:46You're at 70% now.
12:48And the last one, would you mind if I took a picture?
12:53Oh, you're at 80% now.
12:56But you see, that's why I saved it for later because would I take a picture doesn't make any sense.
13:03Would you mind if I took a picture is the way to use would in this context.
13:08You could also say, would it be okay if I took a picture, very nice, also 80% and would
13:17it be alright if I took a picture, same, at 80% and we said that there are five modal
13:24verbs that can be used to ask for permission.
13:27The last one is might.
13:30Might I take a picture?
13:32It is very, very formal and very polite, probably around 90%, but it is not as common.
13:41It is less common than these four that you have on the left-hand side.
13:46So I don't recommend using it so much.
13:50Which modal verbs can be used to give advice in this sentence?
13:55So she looks very cold.
13:58So you wear a winter coat.
14:01What would you say?
14:03You could wear a winter coat.
14:06You should wear a winter coat.
14:09You must wear a winter coat.
14:12And you may wear a winter coat is a little strange, but I will explain later.
14:20And also might, but this one is also a little strange.
14:25Let's go.
14:27So five modal verbs can be used to give advice.
14:30First one, could.
14:31Whoa, nice hairstyle.
14:34You could get a haircut.
14:36Could, what would be the power level?
14:39Could is about 40%.
14:41It's not very strong.
14:42You could get a haircut.
14:45May.
14:46Ah, I told you it was a little strange, because you need not only may, but may want to.
14:54You may want to get a haircut.
14:5650%.
14:58You might want to get a haircut.
15:00Same situation with might.
15:02Might want to.
15:04This one is at 60%.
15:06Oh, you should get a haircut.
15:0980%.
15:10And finally, oh man, you must get a haircut.
15:15It's 100%.
15:17There is no other way.
15:18You must get a haircut, because you look horrible.
15:23Now, let's give this one a try.
15:25It's about making requests.
15:28Which modal verbs can be used to make a request in this sentence?
15:33You give me a ride to the airport.
15:36Ready?
15:38You can say, can you give me a ride to the airport?
15:42Could you give me a ride to the airport?
15:46Will you give me a ride to the airport?
15:50And, would you give me a ride to the airport?
15:53So, there are four modal verbs that can be used to make requests.
15:58Let's go with the first one.
16:00Ah, it looks like it's tax season.
16:03Ah, tax season is horrible.
16:05So, the two older people are like, can you help us?
16:11What is the politeness level?
16:13It's not very polite.
16:15It's only at 40%.
16:17Can you help us?
16:19Will you help us?
16:20Is at 60%.
16:22A little bit higher.
16:24Or, could you help us?
16:2670%.
16:27And finally, would you help us?
16:29Is at 80%.
16:31So, if you want to be more polite, use would.
16:35So, let's take it.
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