00:00Now, let's move on to the present perfect.
00:04Here's how to form the present perfect.
00:06You need the auxiliary verb have, be careful, the third person, he has, she has, it has,
00:14and you need the past participle or the PP.
00:18For example, eaten, so eaten is the verb to eat, eat, ate, eaten, so eaten, the PP,
00:27the past participle, is the third column.
00:31So you could say, I have eaten.
00:34The verb eat is an irregular verb, so be careful here.
00:38If you have a regular verb, arrived, for example, so arrive, arrived, arrived, the PP is also
00:46the third one, right here, and it is the same form as the past tense, so she has arrived.
00:55The present perfect only has two main uses, here they are, past actions with a result
01:02in the present, and actions that started in the past and continue to the present.
01:07The second one is a little bit challenging, the first one not so bad, so let's take a look
01:12at it.
01:13Past actions that are finished and that have a result in the present.
01:18For example, can you speak Italian?
01:21Oh, yes, I have lived in Venice.
01:25You're like, what?
01:26How is that answer connected with the question?
01:30Can you speak Italian?
01:31Oh, yes, I can speak Italian, or no, I can't speak Italian.
01:35But the person says, yes, I have lived in Venice.
01:39Aha!
01:40So the past action, the finished action, is living in Venice.
01:47She stopped living in Venice, but in the past, she lived there.
01:52And what is the result in the present?
01:55The present result is that she can speak Italian because of her past experience.
02:03Here's another example to help you understand.
02:07Why are you so late?
02:08I have missed the train.
02:11I have missed the train.
02:13Ah, now you understand.
02:15I missed the train in the past, but that past action has a result right now in the present,
02:25and the result is that I am late.
02:30Number two, actions that started in the past and continue to the present.
02:36For example, we have known each other since we were kids.
02:40So they met when they were children, and they still know each other until now.
02:48A second example, wow, they have been together for 50 years.
02:54So they met 50 years ago, and they started dating 50 years ago, and they are still together
03:01now, 50 years later.
03:04So it continues all the way to the present.
03:08Hmm.
03:09Here's a single words bonus for you because the present perfect can be a little difficult.
03:14But some words let you know that you may need to use the present perfect.
03:21Not always, but very often.
03:23For example, I have studied English since I was in high school.
03:28Since is a single word that tells you that you should be using the present perfect.
03:35They have backpacked around Europe for three weeks, four is a single word.
03:42Have you ever been to India, ever is a single word.
03:46He has never traveled outside his country.
03:50She has been to that restaurant before.
03:54We have just started our vacation.
03:58I have already booked the tickets.
04:01And finally, he hasn't returned from his trip yet.
04:05So all of these words in pink right here, you should try to remember them because they
04:11help you know when to use the present perfect.
04:14The most common use of the present perfect is for a past action with a present result.
04:21You see in the diagram, it's pretty clear.
04:24So something that happened in the past but has some kind of effect in the present at this
04:31moment.
04:32Let's see an example of the affirmative form.
04:35I have watched that movie.
04:37That is for a regular verb.
04:40What would be the negative form?
04:42I have not watched that movie.
04:46Or I haven't watched that movie.
04:49Question form.
04:49Have you watched that movie?
04:52That's a perfectly good question.
04:55Here's another example.
04:57I have seen that movie.
04:59Seen.
05:00Seen.
05:01Seesaw seen.
05:01That is the past participle, the third one.
05:04I have seen that movie for irregular verbs.
05:08You could also have the contractions.
05:11You could say, I've watched that movie.
05:13Or I've seen that movie.
05:16Negative form.
05:18I have not seen that movie.
05:20If you want to use the contractions here too, you can.
05:24I haven't watched that movie.
05:27Or I haven't seen that movie.
05:30Question form.
05:32Have you seen that movie?
05:34Have you seen that movie?
05:35Let's take a look at one more example for the third person.
05:39She has watched that movie.
05:41She has seen that movie.
05:44Watch out here.
05:45You cannot use have.
05:47You cannot say, she have watched that movie.
05:50It doesn't work.
05:51She has watched that movie.
05:53And if you want to use the contraction.
05:56Contraction.
05:56She's watched that movie.
05:58She's seen that movie.
06:01Negative form.
06:02She has not watched that movie.
06:05She has not seen that movie.
06:08The contraction is.
06:10She hasn't watched that movie.
06:12She hasn't seen that movie.
06:15Now the question form.
06:18Has she watched that movie?
06:20Has she seen that movie?
06:23Perfectly good questions.
06:24Now you can always put the question word before.
06:28Where have you seen that movie?
06:31Why has she seen that movie?
06:33We can also make a negative question here.
06:38Haven't you seen that movie?
06:40What?
06:41Haven't you seen that movie?
06:43You're so strange.
06:45Everyone I know has seen that movie, but you haven't.
06:49What's wrong with you?
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