00:01Let's get started with the simple past.
00:04The simple past is easy.
00:07Here's how to make it.
00:08For regular verbs, you need the base verb and you add "-ed".
00:13So work is your base verb and then you add "-ed".
00:18Super simple.
00:20For irregular verbs, it's a little bit more complicated.
00:24You need to use the second column.
00:26I know some of you call it V2, verb 2.
00:30For example, eat, ate, eaten.
00:33So the second one is "-ate".
00:36So that is your simple past.
00:39Make sure that you understand that there is no third person "-s".
00:44This is not the simple present, so there is no "-s needed anywhere".
00:50You probably already know this about the simple past.
00:54The main use is for completed actions.
00:58For example, I worked, I ate.
01:02Now here's a diagram to help you out.
01:04So all of these actions are completed actions, so they are finished actions.
01:10They happened in the past and they don't touch the present, so they happened only in the past.
01:16But there are other ways also to represent the simple past.
01:22It could be an action that has been repeated many times in the past, or it could be a series
01:29of actions.
01:31Let's take a closer look.
01:34The simple past is not so simple sometimes, because it has eight different uses.
01:41Yes, you heard me right.
01:43Eight different uses.
01:45It is not so easy.
01:48So let's take them one by one, and I'm going to explain them in detail.
01:54Completed actions in the past.
01:56So this is the main use.
01:58For example, if you have a regular verb, you could say they visited Paris last year.
02:04So visit, visited, ed at the end.
02:08So you see in the little diagram here, it is a one-time action.
02:12They visited Paris one time last year.
02:16As for irregular verbs, they went to Paris in June.
02:21One time in June last year they were in Paris.
02:25Here's another example.
02:28Grandma cooked dinner for us.
02:31She made dinner for us one time in the past.
02:34Grandma made dinner for us.
02:37It's the same thing.
02:39Number two.
02:40A series of completed actions.
02:42For example, I woke up, brushed my teeth, and had breakfast.
02:49Three separate actions, but each one of those happened in the past.
02:54Here's another example.
02:57He took out his laptop, opened it, and started typing.
03:01Three separate actions, all happening in the past.
03:06Number three.
03:08Past habits and routines.
03:10Aha!
03:11For example, my family went camping every summer.
03:15Ah, it was our habit in the past.
03:19Every single summer in the past, my family and I, we all went camping together.
03:26Here's another example.
03:28I always walked to school when I was a kid.
03:32So, when I was a child, every day I walked to school.
03:35So, it happened many times in the past.
03:38It was my routine.
03:39I did it every day.
03:41But, it's still in the past.
03:43So, that's why we use the simple past.
03:47Duration in the past.
03:49Here's an example.
03:51I stayed at a resort for a week.
03:54Ah, now you see, this is a one-time event.
03:57I stayed at a resort.
03:58But, the event is quite long, for a week.
04:01Even if the duration is long, it doesn't matter.
04:05It's a one-time event in the past.
04:08Another example.
04:09I traveled around Europe for six months.
04:13So, for six months, that's even longer.
04:16But, it's still a one-time event.
04:19The travel took place one time in the past.
04:22Here's another example.
04:24She was talking on the phone when her battery died.
04:28So, she was talking, talking, talking.
04:32And then, she got this little icon on her phone.
04:36And then, her battery died.
04:39One more example.
04:41I was going to work when I slipped on a banana peel and I fell down.
04:48Ah, I was going to work an ongoing action when I slipped on a banana peel and I fell down.
04:55So, the long action is ING, but the short action slipped.
05:02It's very quick.
05:03Slipping on a banana peel takes only like one second.
05:06And boom, I fell down.
05:09And you see that the two short actions, slipped and fell, are both at the simple past.
05:17Because these two actions are the actions that are interrupting the long action of going to work.
05:26Number six.
05:27Reported speech.
05:29A little difficult, too.
05:31Here's our man.
05:32He says, I'm so tired.
05:35So, he said that to you.
05:38Now, you meet another person and you want to repeat what he said.
05:42So, what are you going to say?
05:44You're going to say, he said he was tired.
05:47Aha!
05:48He said he was tired.
05:51So, both of them are in the past.
05:53He was tired.
05:54First action.
05:55And then he said he was tired.
05:58Also, a past action.
06:01Another example.
06:03I like pizza so much.
06:06She told me she liked pizza.
06:09So, you can use said or you can use tell me.
06:14Right?
06:14So, she told me she liked pizza.
06:16That is also reported speech.
06:20Number seven.
06:21Polite or indirect requests.
06:24Here's an example.
06:26For this one, though, I'm not giving you a diagram because it doesn't really apply.
06:32I was wondering if you had any free time on Saturday.
06:36Usually, when you make a request, you just go straight out and you say,
06:40Do you have any free time on Saturday?
06:43But this one is more polite.
06:46I was wondering if you had any free time on Saturday.
06:51Here's another example.
06:52I was hoping you could help me with this math problem.
06:57It's not, can you help me with this math problem?
07:01It's more polite.
07:03I was hoping you could.
07:05Number eight.
07:07Conditional sentences.
07:08Now, this is the second conditional.
07:11It is the unreal or hypothetical situation or hypothetical conditional.
07:18Here it is.
07:19If I had wings, I would fly south for the winter.
07:23But I don't have wings.
07:26It's an unreal situation.
07:29Simple past.
07:30So, the simple past is for finished action.
07:33So, one time in the past or maybe a past had it.
07:37Let's take a look at an example.
07:40You played soccer.
07:42Played.
07:42Ed shows that it's a past tense.
07:45But this one is a regular verb.
07:48So, that's why we add ed at the end.
07:51What is the negative form?
07:53You did not play soccer.
07:55Watch out here.
07:57You did not play soccer.
07:59Not you did not played soccer.
08:02No, no, no, no, no.
08:03There is only one past tense and it's did.
08:07Did is the past tense at the negative form.
08:10You could use the contraction.
08:12You could say, you didn't play soccer.
08:15Can you guess the question form?
08:18Did you play soccer?
08:20Let me give you one more example.
08:23She ate pizza.
08:25Aha!
08:25Watch out here because it's an irregular verb.
08:29Eat ate eaten.
08:30And the second one is the past tense.
08:34She ate pizza.
08:35What about the negative form?
08:38She did not eat pizza.
08:40Once again, you see here, eat is the base verb.
08:45The past is here.
08:47So, the past has shifted.
08:49Instead of having ate, you have did not eat.
08:53And that is very confusing for many students.
08:56If you want to use the contraction, you can say, she didn't eat pizza.
09:01How about the question form?
09:04Did she eat pizza?
09:06That's a perfect question.
09:09You can also add question words.
09:12When did you play soccer?
09:14Where did you play soccer?
09:16Why did she eat pizza?
09:18How did she eat pizza?
09:20And you know that we can make a negative question also.
09:24We could say, didn't she eat pizza?
09:28It means you are very surprised that she did not touch the pizza.
09:34It's so weird.
09:36It's so strange.
09:37What's wrong with her?
09:39I'll go back to her.
09:39I let me say for that.
09:39I gather effectively as a truly a new child of the next day.
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