00:04In today's lesson, we are going to cover active and passive voice in English sentences and the various rules to
00:11convert a given sentence in active to passive and vice versa.
00:17Well, in English, sentences can be in active or passive voice. The verbs also take different constructions accordingly.
00:26In the active voice, the subject and verb relationship is straightforward. The subject of the sentence performs the action expressed
00:36in the verb. For instance, the hungry boy eat a banana. It's clear that the boy, the subject of this
00:44sentence, performs the action to eat.
00:47A majority of sentences in English are in active voice. Now, in contrast, in a sentence which is in passive
00:56voice, the subject is acted upon. This means the subject receives the action expressed by the verb.
01:03The agent or the person or thing doing the action may be introduced through the preposition by in a by
01:12the dot dot phrase.
01:13The example sentence above can be converted into passive voice as follows. A banana was eaten by the hungry boy.
01:23The subject in this sentence is a banana, which is the receiver of the action eaten or formed by the
01:29agent, the hungry boy.
01:31However, very often the agent is left out altogether. For example, in the following sentence, the new policy was approved.
01:42The agent here is unknown and could be anyone, such as the committee. But we leave out the agent as
01:49a subject policy here is more important.
01:54Now, let's discuss the most important part. How to convert an active voice sentence into passive voice. First, let's take
02:03an example. She teaches English. The subject here is she. The verb is teaches and the object is the subject
02:13English, which is an answer to the question teaches what.
02:17The subject. The object is the subject. The object is the subject of active voice sentence becomes the new subject
02:34in passive voice sentence. So the object English is a new subject.
02:40The second step is the object. The second step is the original subject of active voice sentence who was also
02:47the agent or doer of the action expressed by the verb is suffixed to the passive voice sentence with the
02:54help of a by dot the dot phrase.
02:57In doing so, the subject. In doing so, the subject pronouns become object pronouns. So she becomes by her and
03:05is suffixed to the end of the passive sentence. And the third step is the verb form is changed to
03:13past participle and an appropriate form of the verb to be is conjugated with the verb.
03:19So teaches which is simple present tense now looks like is taught, where is is a form of the verb
03:28to be and taught is a past participle of the verb teach. Remember, verb has three forms, simple present or
03:36base form, simple past and past participle.
03:39I am sure everyone has learned those tables in school. I am sure everyone has learned those tables in school.
03:43You just need to revise those to be comfortable with this topic. And I would recommend that you also do
03:50a basic revision of the various tenses.
03:56Another example, you already know the steps. Active voice sentence is, I wrote a letter. I is the subject, wrote
04:06is the verb and a letter is the object. In passive voice, a letter becomes a subject.
04:13The original subject. The original subject of active voice, I becomes the phrase, by me, we put it to the
04:20end. And the verb wrote will now become was written.
04:26Write, wrote, written are the three forms for the verb of this sentence. So we use the past participle written
04:32along with the form of the verb to be, which in this case is was.
04:39After the basis, let's move on to some details on formulation of passive voice and practice for various tenses.
04:51In simple tenses, we have past, present and future. Focus on the change of the verb.
04:58Simple present tense. He writes an essay. An essay is written by him. He writes poems. Poems are written by
05:11him. So we see that write is replaced by is or are written.
05:17And simple future tense uses the modal auxiliary will. He will write an essay. An essay was written by him.
05:27He wrote poems. Poems were written by him. So we see that the verb wrote is replaced by was or
05:37were written.
05:38And simple future tense uses the modal auxiliary will. He will write an essay. An essay will be written by
05:49him.
05:50He will write poems. Poems will be written by him. So will write is replaced by will be written.
06:01Along with a review of passive structures for various tenses, just make a quick note that the subject pronouns in
06:09active voice sentences need to be converted into object pronouns according to the table on your screen.
06:17in Indian with a review of publishingители.
06:24You
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