00:00The past perfect continuous.
00:03The past perfect continuous is also the past perfect progressive.
00:07They are the same. It's just a different word that has the same meaning.
00:11So don't worry too much about that.
00:13You will need an auxiliary verb, and it's the verb have, at the past tense.
00:20Remember, there is no S there. It's all had, had, had, had, had.
00:24Plus, you're going to need been, been is the verb be at the PP, the third column.
00:31Be was been.
00:32And then you will need to add the progressive form or the present participle, the ing form of the verb.
00:41So I had been working, you had been working, he had been working.
00:46When we say it fast, we say I'd been working. I'd. You'd been working.
00:53So you hear that sometimes.
00:56Finally, the past perfect progressive.
00:59Here's the main use.
01:01We use it when we want to focus on the duration of an ongoing action up until another action in
01:09the past.
01:10I know it may sound complicated, but it's not really complicated.
01:14Here it is.
01:15I had been working at the company for five years before I got promoted.
01:20So if I give you the diagram, you're going to understand very quickly.
01:25Past action.
01:26That is a long action.
01:28I had been working.
01:30And like I said, the duration is the focus.
01:34I had been working at the company for five years.
01:38And then what happened?
01:39Boom.
01:40I got promoted.
01:42So the duration of an ongoing action up until another action in the past.
01:49The second action is the getting and promoting.
01:53Lucky you.
01:54The past perfect progressive only has two common uses.
01:58So you're very lucky.
01:59Focus on duration and cause and effect in the past.
02:03So let's take the first one one more time.
02:05Here's another example.
02:07He had been waiting for two hours when she finally arrived.
02:13Ah!
02:14He had been waiting and then the duration is there.
02:18For two hours waiting, waiting, waiting, waiting, waiting, waiting.
02:22Two hours.
02:23And then the second action is her arrival.
02:27She finally arrived.
02:31One more example.
02:33He had been singing for 20 years when he released his first album.
02:39So 20 years of singing and then boom!
02:44He released his first album.
02:47Cause and effect in the past.
02:49So this is very similar.
02:51Here's an example.
02:53They were tired because they had been hiking all day.
02:57So they had been hiking.
03:00So for a whole day, the duration is there.
03:02Sometimes it's not there.
03:04You could say they had been hiking.
03:07And then the second event is not really an action.
03:10It's an effect.
03:12They were tired.
03:15Here's one more.
03:16This one is very complicated.
03:18Watch out.
03:19I noticed he had gained weight because he had been eating a lot of junk food.
03:24Aha!
03:26So he had been eating in the past.
03:29Eating, eating, eating, ongoing action.
03:32And then the result or the effect in the past is that he had gained weight.
03:38He gained weight.
03:39But then I noticed.
03:40So this one is also at the past.
03:43So in this case, you have three levels of past tense verbs.
03:50Now let's review the diagrams for all past tense verbs.
03:55The simple past is very simple.
03:57Past action, one time or many times.
04:00In the past, it's finished.
04:01Past progressive, something that was ongoing in the past at a certain time.
04:07Or it was cut by another event or another action.
04:11The past perfect, two sequential actions in the past.
04:16And finally, the past perfect progressive, an ongoing action for certain duration until
04:23something else happened or there was an effect but everything is also in the past.
04:30Past perfect progressive.
04:33Now it's becoming a lot more difficult.
04:36The past perfect progressive is used for an ongoing action up to another action in the past.
04:45And the focus is on the duration.
04:48Here's an example.
04:50We had been waiting for two hours when the train arrived.
04:54We had been waiting.
04:55So it was an ongoing action because of ing.
05:00For two hours, the focus is on the duration.
05:04And then the train arrived.
05:07But the waiting kept going all the way until the train arrived.
05:13You could also use the contraction.
05:16We'd been waiting.
05:17We'd been waiting for two hours.
05:20And once again, it's the same for all of the pronouns.
05:25I'd been waiting.
05:27You had been waiting.
05:28They had been waiting.
05:29It's exactly the same.
05:31There is no change.
05:33How about the negative form?
05:35Can you guess?
05:37We had not been waiting for two hours when the train arrived.
05:42We hadn't been waiting for two hours when the train arrived.
05:46For the question form.
05:48Had you been waiting for two hours when the train arrived?
05:52And you can make the negative question.
05:54Hadn't you been waiting for two hours when the train arrived?
05:58I was expecting you to have been waiting for two hours by the time the train arrived,
06:04but you were not what's wrong with you once again you can add the question
06:10words in front why had you been waiting for two hours when the train arrived or
06:16where had you been waiting that's a very important question
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