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00:00Brothers, how did you fare during this break?
00:27Finally, how did you fare with the question of how we personally received the prologue?
00:36Moving forward, we also ask ourselves, we must ask ourselves, how then can we translate the word that John uses?
00:49How do we translate the word logos from Greek into our everyday language?
00:57Actually, we must refer here to the biblical tradition.
01:04John writes his gospel in Greek, and this should automatically lead us to the Septuagint, the Greek translation of the Old Testament.
01:17which you have probably already heard about in other courses with teacher Carla, for example.
01:25The Septuagint uses the word logos to refer to the word of God, and John retains this meaning.
01:38However, John is Jewish, and he also makes reference to the Jewish tradition of the Dabar.
01:49The word Dabar is the Hebrew word for speaking of the word of God.
01:59And in the Jewish conception, in Jewish theology, Dabar is a divine and creative word.
02:10For Jews, in the Jewish conception, God creates through his word, and God reveals himself as creator.
02:23By his word, by his word, for example, and more than an example, in the realm of creation,
02:32In chapter 1 of Genesis, in the creative work of God, it says, and God said, and it was done.
02:45In other words, when God speaks, things happen.
02:50And not only as an order, as when a man in authority gives an order to a subject.
02:59No, it's deeper than that.
03:02When God gives his word, creation automatically follows, it immediately follows.
03:11Creation is the effect of the word.
03:14And the evangelist John has this conception of the creative word, when he says, for example, in verse 3 of the prologue,
03:26Everything was made through him, through the Logos, and without him nothing that exists was made.
03:33To speak of this divine efficacy of the word of God, there is another text that is a foundational text for our understanding,
03:50our theology of the word of God.
03:53A text of utmost importance, a text that we should even meditate on,
04:00or we should even copy it by hand on nice paper, with beautiful handwriting,
04:05and put it as a bookmark in our Bibles, put it as a poster, as a motivational word.
04:11Because ultimately it is a text that gives us and makes us know what the word of God is like.
04:20This text is found in the Letter to the Hebrews, chapter 4.
04:27Let's read it to discover how God himself reveals his word.
04:35We read then in the Letter to the Hebrews, chapter 4, verses 12 and 13.
04:42Because the word of God has life and power.
04:46Everything is clearly exposed to the one to whom we must answer.
05:10In this text from the Letter to the Hebrews, the author speaks to us of the effectiveness, the power, the life of the word of God.
05:22God in his word, as I was saying, is the creator.
05:26The word of God is creative.
05:29What God says is immediately effective.
05:33I can't say it's raining, and if I do say it, well, it's not necessarily raining.
05:40When God says something should be, it happens, it gets done.
05:47Such is the power of the word of God.
05:50This is how we come to know God as a creator God through his word.
05:56We also have to take into account the Christian tradition.
06:03Saint Jerome, a Father of the Church, the translator of the Bible, from the original texts into Latin.
06:11This translation is known as the Vulgate, which is in fact a basis for the translation of the Bible into our current languages.
06:22He, Saint Jerome, when he was reading the Gospel of John and came across the Greek word logos, chose to translate it as verbum.
06:36Saint Jerome chooses verb over lexis or word, two other Latin words, but he does not do it.
06:47The lesson that Saint Jerome gives on the word verbum expresses a word that implies an action, that has an action.
06:59In fact, this would be the Spanish meaning of the word verb.
07:04According to the Vulgate, the verbum is the son of God, because he has been created in everything.
07:11The Greeks, Greek culture, with all the richness of philosophy and mythology, they knew the concept of logos.
07:27For the Greeks, the architect of the universe, the ideal of order and reason is always the logos.
07:37For the Greeks, logos is order, or order, reason, the archetype of the universe.
07:46For the Greek philosophers, this would be the philosophical principle, logos.
07:57Verb is the Latin word used by Saint Jerome.
08:03And Saint Jerome does this to convey the double meaning of logos.
08:09To take into account what the Greek philosophers had in their concept of logos.
08:16And also to take into account the Jewish theology of dabar, dabar adonai, the word of the Lord.
08:27This dabar adonai, from the Hebrew, is translated in Greek as the logos kiriu, that is, the word of God.
08:39Here we keep the word logos, without translating it.
08:48In this study I did not want to use the word word, nor the word verb.
08:55By keeping logos, without translating it, we can take into account this double meaning.
09:03Which, in fact, seems to be the intention that Juan wants to convey.
09:09It's a translation or a lack of precision, but it seems that Juan allows it.
09:17On the one hand, when John uses logos, he takes into account Greek philosophy, the idea of order, of archetype, of reason.
09:30And on the other hand, John also has Jewish theology in mind.
09:37The translation of the word of God is the logos of God, that is, the word that is creative.
09:47That's why Juan uses the word logos, and we, in our study, wanted to keep logos untranslated.
09:55Saving the word logos ultimately helps us understand John's intention to show that the second person of eternity is God himself by whom everything has been created.
10:12And this is also in direct reference to the biblical dabar, the dabar of the Old Testament, which is the word of God.
10:23And finally, what motivates me, Brother Vicente, as your teacher, is that by preserving logos without translating them into words or verbs,
10:37Leaving logos untranslated means that if we look in the dictionary of the Royal Spanish Academy,
10:46When you look up the word logos, it gives the meaning that in Christian theology, this logos is the word or the Son of God.
11:00That is why we delve into, or dare to keep, the word logos untranslated.
11:07Jesus, the logos of God.
11:10We must finally discover that, beyond the difficulty of translating the word logos,
11:19We must penetrate the person of the Son of God as the eternal logos of God, but which is given to us.
11:32How did we finally receive this logo?
11:35How do we receive Jesus?
11:38The logos that becomes incarnate, the creative word of God that becomes incarnate, but not a reality as the Jews saw it, impersonal.
11:47No, it is the very person of the Trinity, the second person, who becomes my brother, who becomes my friend, since he walks with men.
12:00The logos became flesh and dwelt among us, the central idea of the prologue of Saint John.
12:09And if a moment ago I was talking to you about Saint Jerome, about the Christian tradition, it's because you and I are part of this Christian tradition.
12:19The Christian tradition is that we are part of this spiritual heritage, we are part of an inheritance, or rather we are heirs to a great treasure.
12:31The church, the Catholic Church, our mother, by giving us the sacraments, by giving us a channel of grace, by being for us a channel of grace,
12:45It also transmits the word of God to us.
12:50I read the word of God in communion with the church.
12:54I read the scriptures according to the interpretation the church has made them throughout the centuries.
13:01And that is why we have listened to great theologians who have dedicated hours, hours, days and all their time ultimately to the study of this word, to the study of scripture.
13:14I am thinking, for example, of three important figures in the Christian tradition.
13:19Saint Jerome, the translator of the Bible, Saint Augustine, a great preacher, Saint Thomas Aquinas, a great theologian.
13:27But they started out just like you and me.
13:32Thus, simply, reading the scriptures as children, as sons.
13:40Taking notes, comparing passages, and finally delving into a prayer.
13:49Don't let this reading of the prologue be just a rational exercise for you.
13:55It shouldn't just be about knowing concepts, about getting stuck on translations, about verbs, about words, no.
14:03That we may meet Christ.
14:06That we may encounter the Logos.
14:10May we finally meet the one who is our light.
14:17The word, the Logos, is the light that comes to illuminate every man.
14:25Let yourself be illuminated by the light of the Logos of God.
14:30I also invite you to stay tuned for the next session, as we will continue to look at the prologue of Saint John.
14:40The content of this prologue is so great and so vast that it requires another session to delve deeper into it.
14:51And there we will finally see the commentary on some words, on some key phrases of this prologue.
14:58So stay tuned because the session is going to be very interesting.
15:02Finally, may the Lord bless you.
15:06May He bless you in your life, may He bless you in your work, with your family.
15:09But also may the Lord bless you as you meet Him.
15:15May the Lord bless you every time you open the Scriptures so that He may be present there.
15:20And may this be a blessing.
15:22This is what I implore upon you, that the Lord may be very present in your life.
15:29Finally, may God bless you.
15:32Thanks for watching the video.