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00:00Now therefore, if you truly listen to my voice and keep my covenant, you will be my
00:11personal property among all peoples, for all the earth is mine. You will be for
00:17I will give you a kingdom of priests and a holy nation. These are the words you must say to
00:23the children of Israel. So Moses went and summoned the elders of the people and explained to them all
00:31These words that Yahweh had commanded him. All the people answered together, saying,
00:38We will do everything Yahweh has said. And Moses brought the people's answer back to Yahweh.
00:47Joseph's family—his father and brothers—moved to Egypt. They managed to settle there.
00:53comfortably, beginning to enjoy a prolonged period of peace and prosperity.
01:00Israel died in Egypt and was later taken to the land of Canaan. Such was the
01:08The respect and affection the Egyptians had for Joseph, who mourned for the father of
01:14This lasted for 70 days. The promising future that the people of Israel saw for themselves
01:21And for their descendants, as they went down to Egypt, it gradually turned into despair.
01:28Four hundred years have passed since they arrived in Egyptian lands. Now their lives begin to change
01:35in a true nightmare, because the pharaoh and his ministers took advantage of the situation
01:42of foreigners from the Hebrews to put them to work in conditions of slavery. The work
01:48For this community, it is excessive and burdensome. Carried out under inhumane conditions and for no reason.
01:57If that weren't enough, the country's ruler decrees the genocide law, which allows for the elimination of
02:03the life of the Hebrews in a systematic way. Those who at this point, by the way, had
02:10transformed into a people with a large population. In this way, by applying genocide, it was possible
02:16to prevent them from rebelling or rising up against the Egyptian people in the future.
02:24In the midst of this situation of total hopelessness and darkness for the descendants of Israel,
02:31A child is rescued, taken in, educated, and loved like an Egyptian by the Pharaoh's daughter.
02:38Moses grows up like an Egyptian, however, upon learning of his Hebrew origin, he goes out to see how
02:47His people are treated with respect, and on one occasion he kills a guard who was mistreating a
02:53Hebrew, which causes him to flee from Egypt to the mountains. God, seeing the oppression
03:00of the Israelites, decides to free them, to make himself known and for this purpose he reveals himself to Moses, he
03:07He reveals his name. I am who I am. And even in the face of Moses' own resistance,
03:16He entrusts him with the mission of liberating Israel from slavery in Egypt. Let's read this together.
03:22passage. Moses was tending the sheep of his father-in-law Gethor, who was a priest of Midian, and one day the
03:32He led them through the desert and came to the mountain of God called Horeb. There the angel
03:39The Lord appeared to him in a flame of fire from within a bush. Moses looked closely and realized
03:48He noticed that the bush was burning with fire, but it wasn't being consumed. Then he thought, how strange.
03:56I will go and see why the bush is not consumed. When the Lord saw that Moses had gone over to look,
04:03He called to him from the burning bush. “Moses, Moses.” “Here I am,” Moses answered. Then God said to him,
04:13Do not come any closer and take off your shoes, for the place where you are standing is sacred. And he added, I am the God of your
04:23ancestors. I am the God of Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob. Moses covered his face, for he was afraid of
04:32look to God, but the Lord continued saying, clearly I have seen how my people who are in Egypt suffer.
04:41I've heard them complaining about their foremen, and I know very well what they suffer. That's why I've come down to
04:49I will save them from the power of the Egyptians. I will bring them out of that country and into a great and prosperous land.
04:56Good, where milk and honey flow like water. It is the land where the Canaanites and the Hittites live,
05:04The Amorites, the Perizzites, the Jebids, and the Jebusites. Look, I have heard the complaints of the
05:12Israelites, and I have also seen that the Egyptians mistreat them greatly. Therefore, set out on your journey,
05:20I am going to send you to Pharaoh so that you may bring my people, the Israelites, out of Egypt.
05:26Then Moses said to God, “Who am I that I should go to Pharaoh and bring people out of Egypt?”
05:35to the Israelites? And God answered him, I will be with you, and this is the sign that I myself am sending you.
05:44When you have brought my people out of Egypt, all of you will worship me on this mountain.
05:50But Moses replied, the problem is, if I go and tell the Israelites,
05:57The God of your ancestors has sent me to you; they will ask me, "What is his name?"
06:04So what shall I tell them? And God answered, I am who I am. And you shall say to the Israelites,
06:14I am he, he has sent me to you. Furthermore, God said to Moses, “Tell the Israelites also…”
06:23The Lord, the God of your ancestors, the God of Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob, has
06:30sent to you. This is my eternal name, this is my name for all ages. Go,
06:38Gather the elders of Israel and tell them, “The Lord, the God of your ancestors, the God of Abraham,
06:46of Isaac and Jacob, he appeared to me and told me that he has set his attention on you and that he has seen the
06:54He also told me that he will free them from their suffering in Egypt and that
07:01He will take them to the land of the Canaanites, Hittites, Amorites, Perizzites, Hibbers, Jebusites, to a land
07:10where milk and honey flow like water.
07:15Moses returns to Egypt to carry out the task God has entrusted to him. However,
07:22The task is not easy to accomplish, for the pharaoh is determined not to free the people.
07:27And the Hebrews are not so docile as to do everything Moses asks of them, nor even to trust in the
07:35The very word of God. Moses knows they will distrust him, and he lets the Lord know this.
07:41When he said to them, “They will not believe me, nor will they listen to me,” Moses replied. On the contrary,
07:49They'll tell me, "The Lord hasn't appeared to you." Doesn't this situation sound familiar? It's like...
07:57When we receive these messengers of God who bring with them the message of salvation and we
08:05We appear harsh and skeptical most of the time. That's just human nature.
08:12tends towards distrust, needing verification of words through...
08:18Facts. In this sense, the Hebrews were not so different from us.
08:23No, Moses definitely did not have it easy, neither with the Pharaoh nor with the Israelite people.
08:34In short, he had to fulfill the mission God had given him. Despite all the problems and
08:41Despite difficulties, the people finally achieve liberation and embark on the journey that leads them
08:47to the desert to escape Egyptian oppression. Before setting out, the people gather to
08:54Eat a lamb, prepare bread and yeast, and then begin the journey to the promised land. That's what
09:02It will be memorably called Easter. Let us remember that the Greek word Pascha in Spanish Pascua means
09:12passage or transit. The Pharaoh then learns that the Israelites had already fled from Egypt and
09:21Then he orders his tank to be prepared and his army to go after them.
09:28This is the scenario the people now face. The pharaoh behind them and the vast sea before them.
09:36What to do at this moment? The people face the waters of the Red Sea because God asks Moses to do so.
09:43He extended his arm and parted the waters in two. A divine miracle. Once again, the people were
09:51miraculously freed by the hand of God, preventing the pharaoh's troops from reaching them.
09:59These two events, the exodus from Egypt and the crossing of the Red Sea, will be what year
10:06Each year the people of Israel will celebrate with the Passover festival and all its elements
10:12These elements will form part of the memorial for that celebration. Some of the elements to which
10:18When we speak of the memorial of Passover, we are referring to, as the text of Exodus 12 tells us,
10:25Verses 14 through 27 follow. We have the preparations for yielding, which is the
10:33religious service that includes a festive meal where parents explain to their children the importance
10:40to make the memorial of the Passover. In this meal, unleavened bread is consumed.
10:48Also the sacrificed lamb, bitter herbs, among other foods. Furthermore, during these celebrations
10:56The doorposts of the Hebrews are marked with the blood of the sacrificed lamb. The celebrations of this
11:03Memorials last seven days.
11:08After these events, the sacred author presents us with the arduous march through the desert.
11:15of stages that lead the people to the foot of Mount Sinai or Mount Horeb, where the people
11:22He will receive the law through Moses, a sign of the covenant established between God and Israel.
11:30This is how the people will celebrate the gift of the law 50 days after Passover or the exodus from Egypt at the festival
11:39of Pentecost. The law contained in the book of Exodus regulates both cultural and social life,
11:47religious and political history of the Hebrew people. Thus, Exodus is interwoven with smaller narratives.
11:55broken by blocks of laws and regulations.
11:59This law, presented as written by God on tablets of stone, presents us with an impatient people
12:05because of Moses' delay in going up to Sinai to speak with God, creating in his despair
12:12a golden calf to worship while Moses descends from the sacred mountain.
12:19Upon seeing this, Moses will break the first tablets of the law as a demand for worship
12:25to a cast image, for which God will call Moses again to give him new ones
12:32tablets that will travel with the people in the ark of the covenant.
12:37And with these new tablets, God will re-establish through Moses the covenant that the people
12:45He had agreed to make a pact with God through these words.
12:50Write these words because they are the foundation of the covenant I make with you and with
12:57the Israelites.
13:07Thanks for watching the video.