- hace 1 día
En 1579 et 1584, plusieurs colonies anglaises furent fondées en l'Amérique de Nord : la Nouvelle-Albion et la colonie de Roanoke, mais elles disparurent. À partir de 1606, d'autres colonies furent fondées : la Virginie, le Massachusetts (par les puritains du Mayflower), le Connecticut, Rhode Island, le New Hampshire, le Maryland, les Carolines du Nord et du Sud, New York, le New Jersey, le Delaware, la Pennsylvanie et plus tardivement la Géorgie. Chacune était indépendante des autres et possédait ses propres lois.
Categoría
😹
DiversiónTranscripción
00:00America, let's cross the Atlantic, here are the Americas
00:06Once upon a time, I was in the Americas; that's the story I'm going to tell you.
00:13From Siberia to the Pacific, ancient people began to walk
00:19They carved oceans, they crossed continents
00:27Pursuing their dreams of freedom
00:33The adventure was sometimes dramatic, often it was the end of the heroes
00:39It's not easy, but it's magical to make a brand new, beautiful watch
00:46They all took up the torch at one time, going further, going higher
00:54And their dream of their reality
01:00They are now here, the Americas, just as you imagined them.
01:07It's up to you to create this fantastic world, the one we've all dreamed of one day.
01:13May everything work together, to reach the end of destiny.
01:21On this earth without hope
01:27A land of brotherhood
01:38If the 16th century was the century of the exploration of a new continent
01:41The 17th century was the century of colonization.
01:44But let's start at the beginning.
01:46In 1579, Francis Drake discovered California
01:50And takes possession of it in the name of the Queen of England
01:55Just a moment, Matelot, forget the image of His Majesty
01:58Eh ?
02:00But how do you expect me to play the victim? I don't have any girls on me.
02:03The effigy?
02:17On Oranoc Island, North Carolina
02:19An expedition has just landed under the command of Walter Raleck
02:25Chief! I just saw some strange men, it's true
02:28They have just arrived and they live in a large house on the water.
02:31What are they doing, boss?
02:33We should attack them
02:35Just a moment, calm down, let's wait and see.
02:38Perhaps they come in peace after all
02:42We didn't find anyone, the place seems peaceful, Sir White
02:46Well, in that case, we'll settle here.
03:04Hey, my friends, my wife has just been married to me in the name of a girl, come!
03:11Oh, what is it?
03:12Compliment, madam!
03:14The first neocolony child!
03:18My little Virginia, you are part of history, Virginia Derme, the first neocolonial child
03:24The John White colony mysteriously disappeared
03:27For 12 years, the search for survivors continued in vain.
03:33But we're going to bring back a strange plant from the New World that will be all the rage.
03:38Hey, watch out, sir! Your toothpick is burning!
03:48But it's for a toothpick, it's tobacco! It's fashionable, you see!
03:59Hey, tell me! Are you alright? Are you sick?
04:04No, I'm not spitting! I'm dropping tobacco! It's fashionable, you know!
04:08Puff! Puff! Puff! Puff! Oh!
04:12Poof! Poof! Poof! Poof! Poof! Poof! Poof! Poof! Poof!
04:16Ah! Je-ouuuu! Poof!
04:20You're awfully well-armed, sir?
04:22No, boy, you're way off, I'm taking tobacco!
04:25But hey, it's fashionable!
04:27Oh, how fashionable!
04:29Tobacco, what?
04:31It's unpleasant to look at, it's detestable to smell, it's harmful to the brain, it's
04:35Dangerous for the lungs!
04:37Nevertheless, 20,000 pounds of tobacco were exported from the Americas in 1618, 500,000 pounds, that is to say
04:43-that is to say, 25 times more, 10 years later, and 200 million pounds, that is to say, 1000 times more,
04:4850 years later.
04:50That's fashion.
05:17It's the wig!
05:20The wig!
05:22Ah, but it's the wig!
05:31Well done, Captain John Smith, this cove in the Chesapic Bay is an excellent spot.
05:36Yes, and I think we should name it Jamestown in honor of our beloved king.
05:40What do you think, Sir Wingfield?
05:43Ah, I am well cared for!
05:52What is it? What is it for?
05:58Oh, that's ridiculous.
06:01I would never wear that!
06:03Candy.
06:11You don't believe that gentlemen like yourselves could lend a hand in building solid houses
06:16Winter is over.
06:17Oh, of course not! We are part of the elite.
06:20We are not here to work, but to act.
06:22Work is good for you, my friend.
06:25Ah good ?
06:26Ah good ?
06:41Ah good ?
06:41Yes ?
06:42Ah good ?
06:43To take action?
06:45Ah good ?
06:56Open up to us, my blood!
06:58Open up, open up to us!
06:59The tenant has just struck
07:10Famine, scurvy
07:12Of the 120 settlers, only 32 survived the first winter.
07:18The harvest will surely be good
07:21Let's see what the new tobacco fields have produced.
07:24Yes, let's go!
07:29As president of this colony, I decree that only those who work will have the right to eat.
07:42They have encroached on our territory again; they are stealing our land.
07:45They have forked tongues, they deserve death
07:48Come
08:04John Smith, leader of the white men, you did not keep your word
08:10You and yours have plundered us far too many times.
08:13We no longer trust you
08:15And you, John Smith, will be put to death as an example.
08:17Open up for me, chief, so that...
08:19But, but, but, but, but what is it?
08:20Wait, I...
08:29Stop!
08:30To the revered great chief, I, your daughter, Pocahontas, implore you to be merciful and spare the life of
08:34this man
08:37It's impossible, my child, I cannot. This man has betrayed our trust; therefore, he deserves death.
08:41Then I will die too
08:48Pocahontas, can you guarantee me that this man won't cheat on us again?
08:52Oh yes, I swear on my life, revered chief
08:55Okay, give him back his freedom.
09:00Oh, thank you, Father.
09:17And here comes the amiable company
09:30Oh, it's nothing serious, I'll sew it up for you with a needle.
09:33We are extremely grateful.
09:35I think a woman like you would be the right person for me.
09:37There you have it, if everyone can find what they're looking for, trust me, my dear
09:40But first, these gentlemen need to be able to pay.
09:43Come now, don't tell me that 120 pounds worth of tobacco is a high price to pay for a companion.
09:48No ?
10:02The first slaves from Africa arrive in Virginia
10:06This will be the beginning of slavery in America
10:12You see, my children, stupidity and intolerance have existed in all times and in all religions.
10:18In 1581, the Protestant Elizabeth of England decreed that all those who did not attend Sunday sermons
10:25will have to pay a fine of 20 pounds
10:27Was it a significant sum of money?
10:29It was considerable
10:30Those who converted to Catholicism were punished with death
10:32And the Jesuits who wanted to stay in this beautiful country were hanged.
10:37Then they were hung down so that the executioner could tear out their entrails.
10:42It is estimated that 147 people perished in this way.
10:46But 20,000 Puritans did not share this conception of divine mercy
10:50emigrated to the Netherlands
10:54I want to submit to you a document that I have named after our ship.
10:57The Mayflower
11:02For the glory of God and for the spread of the Christian faith
11:05We all took an oath to found a colony in northern Virginia
11:11In everyone's presence, we decide to unite in a political body for the good of the colony.
11:16I therefore ask you all to come and sign
11:19First, to the leader of the expedition, Captain Bradford
11:30To you, Captain Stadis
11:32You will be responsible for our safety.
11:37Say, Captain, don't you get the feeling we've drifted a bit?
11:41You're right, we went much further north, Captain.
11:44Probably towards New England
12:01But there's nobody here
12:03The perfect place for us to settle down
12:13The winter was harsh
12:14And once again, more than half of the pilgrims lost their lives.
12:18Meanwhile, relations with the Native Americans had become friendly.
12:23The fish I bury will give more vigor to the grain
12:26You're a friend, Squanto
12:27Thank you
12:32I propose a trade.
12:33My spade against your fur lot
12:41What do you think of our good city of Plymouth, master?
12:44Don't you think she's starting to look great?
12:46We finally have comfortable homes
12:48And our supplies allow us to get through a peaceful winter.
12:51Ah, Captain Bradford, come and see!
12:55I have an idea
12:56Yes
12:56We are going to organize a big party to thank the Lord.
12:59And we're going to call this day Thanksgiving Day
13:03Great, we'll go racing!
13:04Then we'll remove the water fertilizer teeth from the and after that
13:06No, watch out, son!
13:07This is a festival to thank the Lord for his blessings
13:10And no...
13:11Okay, yes, okay
13:12Forgive them, Lord
13:13Youth is carefree
13:15Your children need to have fun too, Lord.
13:18Not a celebration to thank the lords
13:23Not a celebration to thank the lords
13:25I have a party to thank the lords.
13:52Forgive the weakness of your children, Lord.
13:55They suffered so much deprivation and the pleasures of...
14:00Oh wow, those are good.
14:03These are frivolous joys.
14:06While nourishment for the soul is so much more important.
14:13The great pilgrims' festival lasts for three days.
14:15And since then, every year, Americans celebrate Thanksgiving Day.
14:26Let's hurry up a bit with my boat and all that.
14:29I'm in a hurry, I have to drive this convoy.
14:31Oh no, whatchamacallit... that's great, over there.
14:33Thingamajig, sock, morning... what?
14:35No, sweetie thingy. No, but... no, it turns out, this thingy...
14:46Yeah, it's a tarp.
14:49And on my ship, no less, are you out of your mind?
14:51Oh, but you see, my son, they need milk just as much as we do, over there.
14:57I know, son, but they need goats for cheesemaking.
15:01Ah!
15:04Yeah, they need goats, pigs, and chickens over there in the colony.
15:08And why not tigers or elephants, eh?
15:10Hey, hey, hey, say to you!
15:15Boston, Massachusetts, Terminus, everyone off!
15:371630, 7 ships arrive in New England.
15:41In the years that followed, there would be a great migration.
15:44More than 200 ships and 20,000 settlers.
15:46Among them are all sorts of people whose opinions are beginning to diverge.
15:50I am Reverend Cotton, and you must believe me when I say that democracy is an aberration!
15:56It is inconceivable that God could ever have recommended
15:58This form of government for the Church and for the State!
16:01I, Thomas Hucker, believe in democracy.
16:04The origin of all authority can only be us, the people.
16:06And since we are being prevented from putting it into practice, let's go and settle somewhere else.
16:11If you're with me, follow me!
16:14Hucker went south where he founded the state of Connecticut.
16:18Here in Salem, we will strive to follow the path laid out by the first pilgrims.
16:22And nobody will do as they please anymore.
16:24I, John Endicott, am telling you this!
16:26And I, Roger Williams, tell you, my dear friends,
16:29that no king, parliament, or state can have more power than that which the people confer upon them.
16:34We need to legally purchase the Indians' land.
16:37instead of appropriating it for ourselves, because in the eyes of the Lord, the soul of the Indians is worth more than food.
16:43Roger Williams conspired, went on to found Providence and Rhode Island.
16:46The voice of the Spirit spoke to me, my brother.
16:48We Quakers need neither a church nor a ministry.
16:50What matters to us is the inner light.
16:52Yes, the light of truth.
16:55Yes, my brother, those are very wise words.
16:57Banished from Boston, the Quakers settled outside the city.
17:00John Wilwright, deemed a heretic, went into exile in the north and founded New Hampshire.
17:04I am convinced that we do not need a church to communicate with the Lord.
17:08We simply need to prove God there.
17:10Anne Chinson, your words are sacrilegious.
17:12You have committed heresy.
17:14You will therefore be banned.
17:15And Anne Chinson, who moved to Rhode Island with her 14 children.
17:20Other settlers will be expelled for less noble reasons.
17:36Chief, chief, wake up, chief.
17:39There's a bad stand-in among these men who are coming in, chief.
17:42You mean, the little stand-in, if he's going to see what I'm made of.
17:47Attention, chief. Attention, chief. Stop, chief. Stop.
17:49You're taking too long, it's going to overflow.
17:51I put in just enough to blow up that pathetic captain.
17:55Yeah, yeah!
17:56Ah, well, to open it, I'll open it. You'll see.
18:13Have a good trip and a pleasant stay in English prisons, Morton.
18:25We have just seen how, in the first half of the 17th century, English emigrants colonized Virginia,
18:33Massachusetts, Connecticut, New Hampshire, and Rhode Island.
18:38Meanwhile, 300 Catholic tights founded Maryland.
18:43The English thus held a significant portion of the east coast of North America.
18:48But not all of them, because there were Dutch people living in New York.
18:53Oh no, sorry, I'm saying New Amsterdam.
19:16This is where your territory ends, and here your lands begin.
19:25This is our land, while the wind blows it over there.
19:31I disagree, these lands belong to us.
19:34No, these lands belong to us, not to you.
19:36No, that's wrong, they belong to us, not to you.
19:38And I'm telling you, they belong to us.
19:40I repeat, they belong to us.
19:42They do not belong to you, but to us.
19:45They have always belonged to us, white men.
19:47We had agreed.
19:49The white man crushes my left foot with his right foot.
19:52No, it's the red man who puts his right foot under my left foot.
19:55The white man is crushing my foot, which is on the land of my ancestors.
19:59The red man crushes my foot, which is in my own blood.
20:16What's going on here?
20:20Can we know who you are, white man?
20:22I am Midnight, Peter Midnight, the new leader of the colony.
20:26They say this land belongs to us.
20:28You all have to leave.
20:29Come on, calm down red brother, listen to me.
20:32To avoid future misunderstandings, we are going to buy this land from you.
20:35And even the whole island.
20:37And I'm going to pay you with things you've never seen before.
20:42Oh, it's pretty, it's very pretty.
20:56Oh, okay.
20:58So.
21:02I'll give you all these items in exchange for your little island in Manhattan.
21:06It's a good deal.
21:08I wonder.
21:08By Peter Midnight's oath, all that cost me $24.
21:12This is how Manhattan Island was acquired.
21:14for 24 dollars of junk.
21:18New Amsterdam will therefore prosper and expand.
21:21This is the wall that will become Wall Street.
21:24And one day in 1664...
21:26Governor! Governor, I am besante!
21:28Quick, Governor, come and see!
21:30What's all this noise? What's going on?
21:33My... my...
21:35It's the British Navy.
21:37What? Are you sure, the British Navy? Oh, my God.
21:51What are you doing here? You don't have the right?
21:53I order you to leave with your nutshells, otherwise...
21:56I must point out that we are at war.
21:58Make an appointment and you will be well treated.
21:59SO ?
22:00If everything goes wrong, we will not surrender, we will defend ourselves to the death.
22:03Sir.
22:10Powder! What are you waiting for? Bring on the powder!
22:17Load all the cannons and fire at will!
22:19Get rid of all these nutshells!
22:22The powder will need to dry first!
22:25How so ?
22:26Because all the powder is wet, Governor!
22:29I'm going to have to surrender!
22:30I accept your surrender, Mr. Steve Zansett.
22:32This city will now be called New York.
22:34Wow!
22:41And after New York, it will be New Jersey.
22:44Then came Delaware, the 9th English colony.
22:48In London, at the same time.
22:55Silence, my friends.
22:56Let's allow Anthony Cooper to explain his plan.
22:59This is John Locke, an eminent philosopher who helped us establish the constitution of the new territories.
23:05Excellent initiative, he is an eminent philosopher, well done!
23:10Our colony, Carolina, will initially belong to the lord owner.
23:14That is to say, us, obviously.
23:16And then there will be the land graves, each of which will receive only 15,000 hectares.
23:20Then the chieftains who will only receive 10,000, but the common men and servants will get nothing.
23:25As for the black slaves, yes, well, those are another matter.
23:30They will have the right to work for free on our land.
23:40The owners will appoint a governor and may even become one themselves.
23:54With an assembly, a lower house and an upper house, gravelly moors, and cassiques,
23:59The rights of white men and men of color, but what does all that mean?
24:02Nothing but nonsense.
24:03Go ahead, James, go ahead, make them work faster, this is lazy.
24:10My son William is haunted by the New World of the Americas.
24:13Yes, Your Majesty, he is a dreamer and a poet.
24:16Since we have a few unfinished stories, I thought, Your Majesty, that you might give us some in return.
24:23-one of these lands,
24:24leaving them to my son to manage.
24:28My dear Pen, I have nothing to refuse you, you know that very well.
24:31There are unexplored lands north of Maryland.
24:34Take them, young men, I give them to you, take them.
24:36Thank you, Your Majesty, I will therefore call this country Pennsylvania.
24:42Yes, Your Majesty, because there is a huge amount of forest there.
24:59Hello, chief.
25:12We want to establish a just and fraternal society on this land, Chief.
25:16To achieve this, we will sign a perpetual peace treaty with all of you.
25:21No believer will be harmed, regardless of their faith.
25:24Only murder and treason will be punished by death.
25:29In England at that time, people were hanged for the slightest reason.
25:33These liberal laws will attract a large number of immigrants.
25:37Philadelphia, the city of brotherly love, will become a great capital.
25:45Nine states plus the two Carolinas makes eleven, plus Pennsylvania makes twelve.
25:51What, twelve? But we need thirteen.
25:53Where did the thirteenth and final state go?
25:55In fact, it would take more than a century and many more tribulations.
25:59so that the thirteenth Colombia may be established.
26:10I, Alexander Cumming of Coulter, representative of our illustrious sovereign George III, proclaim...
26:19General James Soglethorpe, I say that we must quickly populate the northern region of Florida
26:25before the Spanish did it.
26:31It will be Georgia in honor of our King George III.
26:35So, with Georgia, that makes thirteen daily.
26:37The explorer will now be succeeded by the settler who will clear the land
26:41and build a fascinating country.
26:45America, crossing the Atlantic
26:50These are the Americas
26:53From the North to the Pacific
26:56These are the Americas
27:01This is the story I told you.
27:05Once Upon a Time in the Americas
27:09Once Upon a Time in the Americas
27:11Once Upon a Time in the Americas
27:12Once Upon a Time in the Americas
27:13Once Upon a Time in the Americas
Comentarios