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مسلسل Life on Our Planet مترجم - Episode 1
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00:22Two million years ago, and our planet is a very different place.
00:33A saber-toothed cat, the Smilodon, a fearsome predator of its age, standing in the way, a giant
00:54terror bird, two meters tall.
01:04Both sides are armed and prepared for a fight.
01:28This is the story of the great battles for survival, and the dynasties that would take
01:36over the world.
01:43This is the story of life.
01:54This is the story of life.
01:59This is the story of life.
02:24This is the story of life.
02:40This is the story of life.
02:42This is the story of life.
03:05If you know where to look, you can still find clues to the origins of life on our planet.
03:21This is not just a gathering of marine predators.
03:28It is a common together of ancient bloodlines.
03:36Sharks, living fossils, virtually unchanged for hundreds of millions of years.
03:45dolphins, air-breathing mammals, whose ancestors once roamed on land.
03:54Whales, bigger than any other animals that have ever lived.
04:04Birds.
04:08The last survivors of the dinosaurs.
04:14The world's greatest dynasty.
04:23All predators.
04:25All hunting the same prey.
04:27But all with totally different origins.
04:40There are more than ten million species of plant and animals alive today.
04:52And yet, there are just one percent of all species that have ever existed.
05:03By traveling back in time, we'll meet many of the 99 percent that have gone extinct.
05:17To reveal the most extraordinary story of all.
05:21The story of life on our planet.
05:26Life.
05:27We.
05:27You.
05:29You.
05:30You.
05:31Not yet.
05:33You.
05:49You.
05:50You.
05:52You.
05:53Life, in all its incredible variety, had to start somewhere.
06:08The first spark appeared four billion years ago.
06:16Perhaps uniquely, our planet had just the right conditions.
06:25Liquid water, energy from the sun, and the perfect chemistry for life to take hold.
06:40The exact process is lost in the mists of time.
06:46But what it produced was a tiny, single, living cell.
06:55Luca, the last, universal, common ancestor.
07:04From which all life, everything, is descended.
07:18From these humble beginnings, life took billions more years to develop real complexity.
07:35A feat it first achieved in the oceans.
07:45The earliest animals to attain supremacy was simple life forms.
07:57These invertebrates, animals without backbones, brood the seas for many millions of years.
08:12Throughout history, life has been waging an unending war.
08:17One dynasty rising, only to be vanquished by the next.
08:29Plants were among the first to conquer the land.
08:34Creating conditions that, in time,
08:39allowed the invertebrates to follow and take over.
08:55But the invertebrates could not rule forever.
09:06A new dynasty would surpass them.
09:14One that also came from the water.
09:25The amphibians.
09:33Who's novel body plan of forelimbs and the backbone,
09:38would prove an enduring blueprint for success.
09:46Their reach was limited by their tithes to water.
09:53But they spawned another dynasty with no such binds.
10:03The reptiles.
10:07Able to exploit even the driest regions.
10:11Their sprawling gate carried them around the world.
10:22For the first time in history, there was a global power.
10:29From these early reptiles came the most iconic dynasty of them all.
10:39The dinosaurs.
10:53They were to rule for over 150 million years.
11:06A group of astonishing variety, whose absolute dominion was only cut short by calamitous bad luck.
11:25Out of their shadows rose the last great bloodline.
11:34The mammals.
11:42One of whom would go on to change our planet like nothing before.
11:58The rise and fall of these dynasties over four billion years has not just been a matter of chance.
12:08The whole journey from the beginning of life to the infinite variety we know today
12:17has been driven by certain fundamental principles.
12:23The rules of life.
12:27The first rule is the best adapted will always win through.
12:36Every one of these butterfly eggs looks identical.
12:44But each has a different combination of genes.
12:48That makes them individually completely unique.
13:01Some will have genetic qualities that help them survive.
13:14Qualities that will pass from generation to generation.
13:25Until eventually one will be so different to its predecessors.
13:31That it becomes an entirely new species.
13:36Better adapted to its environment.
13:44This is evolution.
13:56But the caterpillars aren't the only ones evolving.
14:08Everything in this forest is fighting for survival.
14:15Including the plants.
14:25Unchecked.
14:26The caterpillars would strip them bare.
14:38But this plant has evolved its own adaptations for survival.
14:46Poison in its leaves.
14:54It's chemical warfare.
14:59Then a new species of caterpillar evolves.
15:04That can eat the otherwise poisonous leaves.
15:09Along with any eggs that might be on them.
15:19In response, other butterflies adapt to only lay on plants that are free of eggs.
15:33Ensuring their young have the best possible start.
15:47But the plants retaliate.
15:52Forming growths on their leaves.
15:55That mimic butterfly eggs.
16:04Deterring any females from laying there.
16:12What's more, the fake eggs produce a sweet nectar that attracts ants.
16:20That feed on caterpillars.
16:29The first rule of life.
16:31That the best adapted will win through.
16:35Has produced the huge diversity that exists today.
16:49The next rule of life.
16:51Is that competition drives adaptation.
17:03And the most acute competition.
17:05Comes from one's own kind.
17:13A male terror bird.
17:16A male terror bird.
17:21His territory is the lakeshore.
17:37But he's not alone.
17:43A younger male wants this prime spot.
17:46A younger male wants this prime spot.
17:54Another man who is king.
17:54The older one,
17:55can't ignore the threat.
17:56can't ignore the threat.
18:16The youngster refuses to back down, he needs a territory of his own.
18:34The two begin a ritual display, assessing the other's strength,
18:56while showing off their own.
19:07Their coordinated moves, as formal as a dance.
19:24He will be the first to back down.
19:34For attack.
19:44With nothing to separate them, a fight is inevitable.
20:02But they have company.
20:13The smilodon mammalian cunning was one reason cherry birds went extinct.
20:25Competition both within and between species has always driven evolution.
20:36But it's not just those doing battle that are always changing.
20:42So too is the battlefield itself, which leads to the third rule of life.
20:50Earth never remains stable for long.
20:54Sometimes that helps life.
20:57Sometimes it hinders it.
21:05Earth never remains.
21:06Throughout history, volcanoes have been one of the greatest agents of change.
21:12Earth never remains.
21:28Eruptions lasting thousands of years have repeatedly engulfed vast swathes of our planet.
21:39Pumping gases into the atmosphere.
21:42Changing the climate.
21:43And at worst, causing global mass extinction.
21:58The world has rarely been stable.
22:01At times, a realm of fire.
22:06At times, a realm of ice.
22:18Our changing planet has created so many challenges for life.
22:24From toxic seas.
22:30To global wastelands.
22:35And periods of almost endless rain.
22:45At four different times, the planet has pushed life to the very edge of existence.
22:53Each time, more than three quarters of all species were lost in mass extinctions.
23:05Towers can be a brutal planet.
23:16But there was one period when Earth was stable for 100 million years.
23:28A period which allowed one group to become the mightiest of dynasties.
23:38This was the age of dinosaurs.
23:51The long car helped dinosaurs to proliferate in huge numbers.
24:07These are myasauri.
24:11Gentle plant eaters that form herds many thousands strong.
24:26This mass gallilee provides safety.
24:30And not just for the adults.
24:39This rather cautious female is keen to get back to her nest.
24:57Myasauri means good mother.
25:04Like the other females, she has made her nest in an enormous colony.
25:12To reach it, she must run the gauntlet of defensive mothers keen to protect their young.
25:34And avoiding one aggressor, she strays too close to the next.
25:53At last, she reaches her own nest.
26:07She feeds her young in a very bird-like way.
26:31She'll protect them in the nest for many months, until they're big enough to join the rest of the herd.
26:46Yet the planet didn't just support large numbers of dinosaurs.
26:52Its stability also supported dinosaurs of every shape and size.
27:12Triceratops is very different to the defenseless myasauri.
27:22Weighing five tons and boasting three horns, she is heavily armored.
27:30Adapted to a world where the best form of defense is attack.
27:42With the breeding season imminent, she needs to be in peak condition.
27:49And that means finding the best food wherever she can.
27:59But her search has taken her far from the herd.
28:05And closer to the edge of the forest.
28:18She's right to be nervous.
28:22Triceratops aren't the only giants in these woods.
28:38Tyrannosaurus rex.
28:43The ultimate predator.
28:53She has her two youngsters with her.
29:09She has her two youngsters with her.
29:22The siblings are faster than their mother.
29:29They work as a team.
29:34The triceratops can vote off the youngsters.
29:37But not the adults.
29:47The triceratops can vote off the youngsters.
29:51But not the adults.
30:00Only the protection of the herd can save her.
30:07They form a defensive wall.
30:15Even the world's greatest predator knows when she's beaten.
30:32Unlike the young male.
30:35Unlike the young male.
30:54Only the group of predators.
30:56Dinosaurs might still rule today.
30:58If conditions on earth had remained the same.
31:03But everything was about to change, and in just one day.
31:21An asteroid the size of Mount Everest, traveling 20 times faster than a bullet, smashed into
31:29the planet.
31:36It blew a hole 20 kilometers deep and 180 wide, setting off an Earth-shadowing chain of events.
31:53Rising from the massive crater came the real killer, a wall of ash and debris hundreds
32:04of kilometers thick that enveloped the globe.
32:15The clouds blocked out the sunlight, leading to the death of almost all dinosaurs.
32:35And three-quarters of life on Earth.
32:43The annihilation was global.
32:54It was the world's fifth mass extinction.
32:58.
32:58.
32:59.
33:29But there were survivors.
33:34Survivors that would form the bases of all species that exist today.
33:49The birds were the only remaining dinosaurs.
33:59Today, they number more than 10,000 species, occupying every habitat on Earth.
34:10But the birds didn't have the planet to themselves.
34:16Another great dynasty also rose from the ashes.
34:28The mammals.
34:34Under the dinosaurs, they had been a mere footnote in history.
34:48Without the asteroid strike, none of these survivors would have had a chance to rule.
34:59From the cataclysm of the mass extinction came this new multitude of life in all its wondrous variety.
35:19All perfectly adapted to the challenges of life.
35:31The struggle to protect and raise one's young.
35:37To find food.
35:40And to breed.
35:46The cast of characters may have changed.
35:51But the essentials remain the same.
35:57Water and the energy from the sun continue to support life just as they have for billions of years.
36:15Even today, the rules of life still apply.
36:23Only the best adapted will win through.
36:45And a rapidly changing planet causes chaos.
36:52And a rapidly changing planet causes chaos.
37:01And a rapidly changing planet causes chaos.
37:02These rules of life determine how dynasties will rise and how they will fall.
37:13Every single thing alive today can trace its heritage back four billion years.
37:26This in the face of incredible odds.
37:39Ninety-nine percent of all species that have ever existed are now extinct.
37:52Life today is the one percent that made it through.
38:09This series will explore the most important milestones in the history of life.
38:15Life today.
38:16Life today is one percent- produto.
38:25Age of Defense
38:26From when mammals established themselves as a global power.
38:29crop
38:36to the ancestors of the birds first taking to the air,
38:47to the evolution of hard-shelled eggs
38:51that led to the rise of the mighty dinosaurs.
39:04And even the moment when animals first came out of the water.
39:18In the next chapter, we go back to life's origins in the sea.
39:30And the very first fights for survival on our extraordinary planet.
39:44The End
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