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00:00When they saw that Jesus had answered them,
00:30One of the teachers of the law, who had heard them arguing, approached him and asked him,
00:38Which is the first of all the commandments?
00:41Jesus answered him,
00:43The first commandment of all is,
00:47Hear, O Israel: The Lord our God, the Lord is one.
00:52Love the Lord your God with all your heart, with all your soul,
00:56with all your mind and with all your strength.
01:00But there is a second one, love your neighbor as yourself.
01:05No commandment is more important than these.
01:09The law expert told him,
01:11Very good, teacher.
01:13Is what you're saying true?
01:15There is only one God and there is no other besides Him.
01:18Call upon God with all your heart, with all your understanding, and with all your strength,
01:25to call your neighbor as yourself,
01:27It is worth more than all the burnt offerings and all the sacrifices that are burned on the altar.
01:33When Jesus saw that the expert in the law had answered wisely, he said to him,
01:42You are not far from the kingdom of God.
01:45And nobody dared to ask him any more questions.
01:49If we ask any Catholic, or indeed any Christian,
01:54What is the summary or synthesis of the gospel of Jesus?
01:59We are very sure that everyone would say the commandment of love.
02:04We would all agree on this,
02:07if it weren't for the fact that different evangelists emphasize aspects that are not identical.
02:15For example, only St. John tells us that Jesus taught his disciples that
02:20Love one another as I have loved you.
02:25In contrast, only the Q source, contained in Matthew and Luke,
02:30It speaks exclusively to us about loving our enemies.
02:34Moreover, this invitation seems to contradict the text from John that we just mentioned,
02:42When Jesus asks,
02:43If they love those who love them, what credit is that to them?
02:47Or, what reward will they get?
02:52And finally, only Mark tells us about the double commandment of love for God and neighbor,
03:00text that Matthew and Luke will reproduce, but with some significant changes.
03:05However, to confirm the scarcity of references to love as a Christian's way of life,
03:14We have that both Luke and Matthew,
03:18the only times they present Jesus speaking about love,
03:22It is precisely when he invites those who listen to him to love their enemies,
03:28or when they refer to the passage from Mark to talk about the double commandment of love.
03:34Our initial response regarding love as the summary of Jesus' law or gospel,
03:42It is more of a hasty conclusion than a rule that springs naturally from the gospels.
03:50Now, if there is one spectacular text from the Gospel of Mark,
03:55It is the one we find in the middle of a series of disputes that Jesus maintains with almost all the Jewish groups of his time.
04:03Mark is going to introduce us to a scribe, isolated from the rest of the scribes,
04:10who believes that Jesus' response to the Sadducees was a very good response,
04:17So he considers it appropriate to ask him a question that he considers fundamental.
04:23Let us remember that the Jews, led by the Pharisees,
04:29They believed there was a series of 613 commandments in the Torah
04:34that everyone had to fulfill completely in order to gain God's favor.
04:41So the student of the law of Moses wants to know which of all those 613 commandments is the most important.
04:50It is clear that the scribe's concern is to find that first and fundamental commandment.
04:59Because to the question of what is the first commandment of all,
05:03Jesus concludes his speech by stating,
05:07There is no commandment greater than these.
05:10On the other hand, the scribe is acting honestly,
05:16It is revealed that he first thought Jesus had answered the Sadducees well.
05:22Calos is a Greek word that means good or well.
05:27But later he tells her that she responded very well,
05:31Carlos again, when he concludes his first intervention.
05:35This is noteworthy, because Matthew states that the Pharisee who asks him the question,
05:42He does it with malicious intent.
05:46Luke, for his part, presents us with a doctor of the law who wants to test Jesus,
05:52asking him what he has to do to inherit eternal life.
05:56When the doctor mentions the double commandment of love,
06:01And Jesus tells him that with that he will obtain the eternal life he desires,
06:07The doctor wants to know who his neighbor is.
06:10And Luke presents Jesus developing the parable of the good Samaritan.
06:18Now, when Jesus instructs the scribe on the first commandment
06:23that he wants to know in order to put it into practice,
06:27Jesus resorts to that prayer which the Jews of his time apparently recited twice a day,
06:35Chema Israel.
06:37Hear, O Israel: The Lord our God, the Lord is one.
06:43and you shall love the Lord your God with all your heart,
06:47with all your soul and with all your mind.
06:53If we remember the importance of the sense of truth or alliance
06:58that is agreed upon between God and Israel,
07:02we will understand this commandment to love.
07:05When two ancient peoples made a pact or alliance,
07:10The most powerful king or lord pledged to protect,
07:16to care for, save and watch over your ally or subject.
07:21For his part, the weaker Lord pledged to fulfill all the requirements,
07:29rules or commands imposed on him by his Lord.
07:33This obedience to the requirements of their Lord was expressed as love,
07:40That is, the ally pledged to love his Savior
07:44And his love was expressed in obedience, loyalty, and faithfulness.
07:51Love is not understood in the biblical message nor in the mindset of Jesus
07:56such as a series of feelings, emotions, or sensations on the part of the lover,
08:03but in a series of actions that speak of that love.
08:07Today, when there is so much talk about love, we tend to confuse the love that Jesus asks of us.
08:15or what God commands us in the law, to sensations or feelings.
08:21We think it makes no sense for God to ask or force us to love Him or someone else.
08:28We might ask ourselves, how can God ask us to have positive feelings?
08:35by strangers or, worse yet, by our enemies?
08:41Of course that makes no sense, because God neither thinks nor asks us for warm feelings.
08:49by strangers or by those who hate or persecute us.
08:54Not even God can ask us to feel something for someone, but the mistake is that we think
09:02that the love that God or Jesus imposes on us has to do with feelings or emotions.
09:11It is also noteworthy that Jesus requested it without being written to,
09:17offer him a second commandment in addition to the first.
09:21Even more striking is that Jesus turned to the book of Leviticus,
09:27which is a series of rules and laws relating to the priests, the Levites,
09:33ritual purity and the celebration of certain liturgical ceremonies from beginning to end.
09:41But amidst all these requirements, chapter 19 of the same book stands out for its material.
09:49As we have already discussed, while all ancient peoples clearly distinguished between laws relating to God and worship
10:01And as for the rest of the laws that we could call civil, the Jewish people placed all laws at the same level as the laws related to God.
10:11For the Jewish faith, the rules relating to one's neighbor have the same source as the laws relating to worship and relations with the divine.
10:24Jesus wanted to place, alongside love for God, with all that the human being is, love for one's neighbor.
10:31taking oneself as the measure.
10:35In both cases, love means benevolence and benefactor.
10:40In other words, for the Jew it is not enough to want good for others, but to put into practice or facilitate the good that is desired for the brothers.
10:52In Jesus' thinking, it is not enough to want good, one must put it into practice.
10:57It is also noteworthy that the biblical expression, "you shall love," appears only four times in the entire Old Testament.
11:08Our two texts, from Deuteronomy, chapter 6, verses 4-5, and Leviticus, chapter 19, verse 18b,
11:19and two repetitions of both in the same books.
11:23The book of Deuteronomy, chapter 11, verse 1, and Leviticus, chapter 19, verse 34.
11:32It is therefore surprising that Jesus proposes in a single exposition the only two times that this model of expression appears in all of Jewish Sacred Scripture.
11:47Also important is the fact that Jesus gives first place in love to God and then to neighbor.
11:57It is not a single commandment with two meanings, to love God and neighbor with the same intensity or at the same level.
12:05Nor does it have the sense of loving God and neighbor as something similar, much less the sense that if we love our neighbor, we are loving God.
12:17For Jesus it is clear and there is no way around it.
12:22First you must love God and then love your neighbor, in that order and under that structure.
12:29The scribe acknowledges Jesus' response and repeats the teaching that Jesus has given him, although with some changes.
12:41The most notable is that the scribe, within the Temple of Jerusalem, speaks of both commandments being worth more than all burnt offerings and sacrifices.
12:52This fact is important, because the statement is being made by a Jewish authority within the Temple itself, the place of the holocausts and sacrifices, means through which the Jews used to reconcile themselves with God and return to friendship with Him.
13:12And finally, Jesus takes a similar stance towards the scribe to the one he took towards Jesus, telling him that he is not far from the kingdom of God.
13:26However, he does not tell him that he has already entered into the dynamic of the kingdom, because for that he needs one thing: to confess Jesus as Lord and Messiah and to adhere to Him through faith.
13:40So, what can we expect from ourselves at the end of this class?
13:47First of all, brothers, understand that the love that Jesus asks of us is a series of concrete actions in favor of people.
13:58For this purpose, the people we love are taken as a measure.
14:02Let me explain.
14:04In our lives there are important people, people who are valuable and dear to us, for whom we would be willing to do anything.
14:16For the people we love, we would be willing to suffer, to cry, to battle, to fight, to stay up all night.
14:26Precisely because we love them, we will dedicate time, effort, affection, and care to them; we are patient with them, we forgive their mistakes, we welcome them, and we have affection, appreciation, and love for them.
14:43Therefore, we could say that there is nothing we would not be willing to do for the people we love or care about.
14:51For them, we would go to death, to pain, to suffering, and to torment.
14:57Well, those actions or attitudes that we are willing to perform for those we love are the same actions that God asks us to do for others, for our neighbor and even for our enemy.
15:13Jesus expects me to do for anyone what I would be willing to do for those I love, for those who are most important and dearest to me.
15:24"By this," Jesus would say, "all will know that you are my disciples."
15:31Brothers and sisters, with this lesson we conclude the Gospel according to Saint Mark, and our next module will be to learn about the narrative of the Gospel of Saint Matthew.
15:44I await you with even greater hunger and thirst to continue getting to know the Lord through His word.
15:51Greetings and blessings to you and your families.
15:54Until next time.