- hace 1 año
Categoría
🛠️
Estilo de vidaTranscripción
00:00The Holy Spirit
00:30The first book that the New Testament presents to us is the book of the evangelist Matthew, a work written for Christians who came from both Judaism and paganism.
00:43This gospel links some Old Testament prophecies with their fulfillment in the New Testament.
00:51The author intends to make a defense against those who questioned Jesus' claims that he was the Messiah promised in the Old Testament.
01:03The Jewish people had awaited the appearance of a leader, a liberator who would free them from the oppression of the Roman occupation and the establishment of a kingdom, one in the likeness of King David.
01:18Matthew explains why Jesus does not establish the type of reign that the people expected.
01:24We know nothing yet about the author and when it is attributed to the apostle Matthew, who is said to have been a tax collector and whom Jesus called to follow him.
01:36The reason for not attributing it to this disciple is that he uses the Gospel of Mark to compose his writing, and so we ask ourselves
01:47Why would an eyewitness use the work of a third party to compose their own work?
01:55The author is thought to be a scribe from the Pharisee group converted to Christianity.
02:01He wrote his work in Antioch of Syria, both for Jews converted to Christianity and for Christians who came from paganism.
02:12The date of composition is around the year 80 AD.
02:17This gospel begins with the genealogy of Jesus and links him to David, to whom God fulfills the promise of placing one of his sons on the throne for all eternity.
02:31And from him, to Abraham, to whom he promised that through him all the nations of the earth would be blessed.
02:40Thus documenting the openness of the Syrian church to receive Christians equally from paganism and Judaism.
02:48For Matthew, Jesus is Emmanuel, God with us who has come to bring the kingdom, not only to the Jewish people, but now, this has a universal character.
03:04He has come to bring freedom to all peoples and nations.
03:09The community that Matthew addresses is made up of both Jews who have converted to Christianity and men and women who came from paganism.
03:25The community is in conflict with some legalistic Jewish groups, with whom they engage in controversy regarding who has the correct interpretation of the Holy Scriptures.
03:38Other problems that seem to be present in the community are the incongruity of the Christian life when one is exhorted to bear good fruit,
04:04little faith when there are difficulties and the false prophets who cause scandal.
04:11This appears to be a community located in an urban center that has a certain organization and ministries within it.
04:22There was probably a school of Christian scribes because of the abundant use we find of Old Testament writings.
04:30In this environment arises the Gospel of Matthew, a specific person, a Judeo-Christian, instructed in the methods of the scribes
04:41And perhaps he has left us a small autobiographical detail when he speaks of the scribe who has become a disciple of the kingdom of heaven.
04:50and that from his ark he brings forth new and old things.
04:55Regarding the attribution of this Gospel to the apostle Saint Matthew, we can affirm the following, which is what tradition has transmitted to us.
05:05He is a tax collector who worked for Herod Antipas, since Jesus calls him when he visits Capernaum.
05:16Whatever information he had, when Jesus passed by the place where he collected taxes,
05:23Matthew did not hesitate to leave everything and follow him.
05:26Let's read this short passage.
05:29Jesus left there and saw a man named Matthew sitting at the tax collector's booth.
05:41Jesus said to him, follow me.
05:44Then Matthew got up and followed him.
05:48This call that Jesus makes, Matthew teaches us that for him no one is outside of his saving grace.
05:59It is known that tax collectors were not viewed favorably by the Jews.
06:04for being direct or indirect collaborators of the Roman Empire and also those whom they considered dishonest,
06:13since they amassed wealth at the expense of the people.
06:16It was not acceptable among the Jews for Jesus to meet with tax collectors, including Matthew, because of what he tells them.
06:26Those who are healthy and well don't need a doctor, only the sick do.
06:32This means that he makes no distinction when calling and choosing.
06:38And even more so if it exists, it is precisely because of that difference that they recognize a greater need for it.
06:45This reminds us that we must not eliminate anyone as a recipient of the salvation offered by Jesus.
06:54Throughout the entire gospel, he only speaks of himself on two occasions.
06:59This one we just read, when he lists the twelve disciples.
07:03As a disciple of Jesus, his first action after his calling was to gather his friends so that they could meet him.
07:12revealing the joy of this calling and the desire to share the joy of making Jesus known to others.
07:20According to the testimony of Papias, who was bishop of Hierapolis in Phrygia and was said to have been a disciple of the apostle Saint John,
07:30Matthew the apostle is the author of this work that bears his name.
07:35However, we cannot fail to mention that other authors claim that the author is an unknown Jewish Christian.
07:42This is based on the fact that a direct witness does not narrate or handle the sources in the same way as the evangelist does.
07:50Furthermore, it does not seem that a man like Matthew would be capable of creating a work with the characteristics presented in the gospel.
07:59However, for many centuries tradition has accepted the apostle as the author of this gospel.
08:05As mentioned in the testimonies of the following apostolic and church fathers.
08:12Saint Jerome
08:14Matthew, also called Levi, a tax collector before becoming an apostle, was the first to compose a gospel of Christ in Judea for the circumcised believers using Hebrew letters and words.
08:28The Hebrew text itself is preserved to this day in the library of Caesarea.
08:33Eusebius of Caesarea
08:35Matthew had preached to the Hebrews, and he delivered his gospel in writing in their native language.
08:42Origins
08:44Regarding the four gospels, which are also the only ones that have not been discussed in the church of God under heaven, the first one written was the gospel of Matthew, who was for a time a tax collector and later an apostle of Jesus Christ, and who composed it in the Hebrew language and published it for the faithful from Judaism.
09:09Irenaeus
09:09Matthew published a gospel among the Hebrews in their own language, also written, while Peter and Paul were in Rome evangelizing and laying the foundations of the church.
09:23Most scholars claim that Matthew was written in Antioch.
09:38It was once believed that it had been written in Palestine, as mentioned by Saint Jerome.
09:44A few other authors propose other cities, although this is not widely accepted.
09:50Among these are proposed Tyre, Alexandria, Caesarea Maritima and even some other scholar based on the texts of chapter 4, verse 15 and chapter 19, verse 1, proposes the eastern side of the Jordan, especially the city of Pella.
10:08However, modern exegesis leans towards Antioch, because Greek was the language used in the urban centers of Syria, as is the case of this city, while Aramaic was used in the rural regions.
10:26This is also confirmed by St. Ignatius of Antioch, who uses it in three of his letters.
10:33Or if it wasn't written there, it was accepted by this community very early on.
10:40Furthermore, the evangelist highlights the figure of Peter and places him as the prototype of the disciples.
10:48Furthermore, the author presents his gospel based on the authority that Peter has received from Jesus.
10:56The composition of the gospel can be placed around the year 80 AD, although some authors claim that it is about 20 years earlier than this date.
11:10The arguments they present to support this thesis are based on three main points.
11:16The characteristics of this work fit very well with the personality of a follower of Jesus named Matthew, whose occupation was that of a tax collector.
11:29Nothing in the gospel shows us any situation after the year 70, which would be very strange due to the importance of the events that occurred at this time.
11:43And finally, the oldest manuscripts of the gospel.
11:49Matthew appears as the author.
11:51Furthermore, it is inconceivable that this gospel could be circulated anonymously.
11:56Thanks for watching the video.
12:07Thank you!