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00:00Mark invites his readers to remember that Jesus' glory was not manifested in a military triumph, but on the cross.
00:15The account of the passion in the Gospel of Mark is so important that many have defined it as the Gospel of the Passion, preceded by a great introduction.
00:26So how do Mark's readers know that they possess authentic faith, that is, the faith that saves?
00:34The answer lies in the Gospel itself.
00:38This happens when, guided by faith, they come to the conclusion that Jesus, the Christ, is the Son of God.
00:47This is the summary of the Christian faith.
00:50Jesus' arrival in Galilee opens a series of misunderstandings that lead to the Passion.
00:58Jesus is constantly misunderstood by the leaders of the people, by the people themselves, and even by his disciples.
01:07However, Jesus somehow prevents these misunderstandings from becoming bigger or escalating through what has been called the messianic secret.
01:18Through which Jesus silences both the demons and those healed by miracles, as well as the disciples themselves, so that they do not proclaim what God has done for them,
01:31so that Jesus is not confused with a political Messiah or with a thaumaturge, that is, a miracle worker.
01:41Jesus does not want to fulfill expectations that He does not meet.
01:44He is not a political king who is going to liberate them from Roman domination.
01:49So that when there is no longer a risk of misunderstanding, when he hangs on the cross, there will no longer be any problems in calling him Christ or recognizing him in his highest dignity.
02:02Son of God.
03:03The evangelist also speaks about this, as we have seen, from the beginning of his work.
03:27The Gospel of Mark is a proclamation of faith in Jesus and also an invitation to a theoretical and existential declaration for Jesus.
03:39and to the recognition that the mystery truth of Jesus is only possible from the revelation of God.
03:47Jesus is referred to by his own name a total of 81 times.
03:54This title aims to emphasize the human condition of Jesus.
03:59He is referred to as the son of man 14 times.
04:04This is the title with which Jesus defines himself.
04:08The term Christ appears seven times in this gospel.
04:15Jesus does not use it for himself, but he admits it in solemn moments.
04:20It is the messianic secret.
04:24Finally, son of God.
04:26It is mentioned five times and is the final and initial title given to Jesus within this work.
04:35First, since Mark was the first gospel to be written, we would be facing a titanic task.
04:41If we were to attempt to outline here each of the important themes addressed by this biblical author,
04:48because this gospel shows us the great novelty of the gospel.
04:55First topic.
04:57Jesus is the gospel.
04:58The title gospel comes from Isaiah, who uses the verb visa, which means to evangelize.
05:08This word was used in the period before the Babylonian exile.
05:14to communicate good news, whether secular or religious.
05:19The second Isaiah, at the end of the exile, gave it a religious meaning,
05:26referring to an eschatological promise according to which God will reign.
05:32But it also presents an evangelist, the mebacer, which means the one who brings good news,
05:40an evangelist who proclaims the reign of Yahweh.
05:44Jesus appropriated the term for himself, and the early church developed this application.
05:53which Marcos makes the center of his work.
05:57Jesus presents himself as the evangelist who proclaims and brings the kingdom especially to the poor.
06:04Jesus acted consciously, aware of his being an eschatological prophet, and dedicated himself to the proclamation of the kingdom of God.
06:13Scholars debate whether Jesus ever used the word gospel.
06:20However, his work was gospel and his goal was to evangelize.
06:26The early church called Jesus the evangelist and his work the gospel.
06:32It is a novelty because for the first time this term is being used for the object and action of evangelizing
06:41in the religious sense that Isaiah gave it.
06:44The next topic is Messiah who proclaims the kingdom of God.
06:51Jesus is anointed by the Holy Spirit and therefore empowered to fight Satan and proclaim the kingdom of God.
07:01At the baptism of Jesus, the Father proclaims him as son, servant, prophet.
07:09Then he goes to the desert where he confronts Satan, defeats him, and strips him of his power.
07:15Jesus' ministry will consist of this act of dispossession.
07:20The first chapter announces that the waiting time has ended and the time of salvation and the kingdom has arrived.
07:27It is interesting that after this there is the creation of discipleship, that is, the new people of God.
07:36It is the communal aspect of the kingdom.
07:40To say the kingdom of God is the same as saying God reigns, although the God who begins to reign is a father and as a father,
07:50His action is to create a world of children who accept this saving relationship with him.
07:56Now, this divine action is initially aimed at forgiving sins
08:03and to transform their hearts to be the children and brothers of the new people of God.
08:10This is why Jesus' actions are incomprehensible, since instead of bringing fire and punishment upon us sinners,
08:20It brings forgiveness of sins and deliverance from sickness and death.
08:26This is manifested in the healings and expulsions of demons.
08:31These members of the new people of God are asked to let themselves be dominated and transformed by God.
08:39Collaboration based on conversion and faith is requested.
08:44Discipleship is a secondary theme of the kingdom.
08:48It is a historical way of welcoming the kingdom and of living fraternity and other values that imply the arrival of the kingdom in the world.
08:59For example, one is asked to become like a child, to share possessions, to serve one's brothers, to avoid being a scandal to others,
09:10not to have a hard heart and to renounce the desire to possess.
09:14To be, therefore, inhabitants of the kingdom that Jesus came to establish and of which we can be a part.
09:23As we have already seen, it requires not only conversion and faith, but concrete acts that demonstrate our commitment as followers of Jesus.
09:32Like the disciples, then, we today are asked to do the same, if we have decided to be disciples of Christ.
09:43Jesus' proclamation of the kingdom consists of words and signs, that is, the twofold aspect of revelation.
09:52Jesus performed a series of signs that were intended to explain his work, begin it, and guarantee its fulfillment in the future.
10:02Among them are what are known as miracles, the forgiveness of sins, and vocations, which also reveal the kingdom of God.
10:13Finally, we have a special question.
10:17Who do people say I am?
10:21We said that the identity of Jesus is a theme that is present throughout this gospel.
10:28The question of this identity takes on special interest when we see that Jesus asks the question directly to his disciples.
10:38Who do people say I am?
10:42Let's read this passage.
10:43After this, Jesus and his disciples went to the villages in the region of Caesarea Philippi.
10:55On the way, Jesus asked his disciples,
10:58Who do people say I am?
11:02They answered,
11:03The didactic style that Jesus used with his disciples never ceases to amaze.
11:33The question is curious because it is presented in contrast to the teaching methods that predominate in the field.
11:41From a distance, Jesus' identity seems so obvious and easy to discern that it is difficult for us to understand why these people did not grasp it.
11:53Wouldn't it have been easier to simply call the disciples and say,
11:58Do I have something important to announce?
12:01Am I the Christ, the Son of the Most High?
12:05Jesus, however, chose to awaken in them the processes of personal reflection,
12:12which are fundamental to any learning experience.
12:16It is always wiser for a student to discover a truth for themselves with the sincere guidance of the teacher.
12:26What we discover for ourselves usually remains etched in our memory.
12:31But what others tell us is quickly forgotten.
12:36That is why the second question that Jesus asks is also repeated to us today.
12:42Who do they say I am?
12:45Pope Benedict XVI, in the homily preached on September 16, 2012, tells us about this.
12:55Jesus first asks his followers,
12:58Who do people say I am?
13:01The answers they give him are very different.
13:04John the Baptist, Elijah, a prophet.
13:08Today, as throughout the centuries, those who in one way or another have encountered Jesus on their path,
13:17They offer their answers.
13:19These are approaches that can help us find the path to truth.
13:25But, even if they are not necessarily false, they are still insufficient.
13:30because they do not reach the heart of Jesus' identity.
13:33Only those who commit to following him on his path,
13:38to live in communion with Him in the community of disciples,
13:42can have true knowledge.
13:45Then Peter, who had been living with Jesus for some time,
13:51will give his answer.
13:53You are the Messiah.
13:54A correct answer, without a doubt, but still insufficient.
14:00since Jesus warned of the need to specify it.
14:05He realized that people could use this answer for purposes other than his own,
14:11to raise false earthly hopes about Him,
14:15and he does not allow himself to be confined solely to the attributes of the human liberator that many expect.
14:21In announcing to his disciples that he must suffer and be executed before rising again,
14:28Jesus wants to make them understand who he really is.
14:32A suffering Messiah, a servant Messiah,
14:37not an all-powerful political liberator.
14:41Deciding to follow Jesus means taking up your cross to accompany him on his journey.
14:46an arduous path that is not the path of power or earthly glory,
14:51but rather the one that necessarily leads to self-renunciation,
14:56to lose his life for Christ and the Gospel in order to gain it.
15:00We are assured that this path leads to resurrection,
15:05to true and definitive life with God.
15:08The point is that the true identity of Jesus is only revealed at the moment of the cross.
15:17The concept of triumphalist messianism is a thing of the past.
15:21And having learned what Jesus says about himself,
15:24about the fate that awaits him and those who follow him,
15:29Under this vision,
15:31Can we answer the question,
15:34Who is Jesus to me?
15:35The faith of the post-Easter community referred to some historical events
15:47and above all to the word of the Master.
15:50The evangelist Mark tells us that his disciples had left everything to follow the Lord,
15:56Because in the encounter with Him, in His words and in His behavior,
16:01They had seen that the promise of hope was being fulfilled in Him.
16:06in which they had begun to believe since childhood.
16:11Well, precisely based on the word of the Messiah,
16:15The believing community continues to this day to await the fulfillment of full and definitive liberation.
16:23The presence of evil and injustice provokes the new people
16:28so that he may be in harmony with his Lord.
16:32The certainty of salvation given in the event of the Paschal Mystery does not free,
16:38but rather obliges each believer to become an instrument of justice
16:43and of mercy where evil still predominates.
16:48Through this gospel,
16:51From the beginning, Marcos puts a fundamental idea in our minds.
16:55Jesus is the Son of God,
16:59the Messiah who will deliver us from all evil, pain, suffering, and injustice.
17:06And he gradually demonstrates this throughout his entire work,
17:10through that hidden messianism of Jesus,
17:14This epiphany or effective revelation,
17:16which is accomplished in the proclamation of the kingdom through his words, gestures, and miracles,
17:23but above all through his redemptive sacrifice.
17:28Mark invites us to look at him there, on the cross,
17:33and confess, driven by this experience and personal discovery of the Messiah,
17:41Truly this man is the Son of God.
17:44Thus being able to recognize that the Gospel is not a thing,
17:49but someone, Jesus Christ, the Son of God.
17:54Then the veil will have fallen and the secret will be revealed.
17:59And only then, based on personal commitment and follow-up,
18:05we will be able to go out and fulfill the mission that Jesus gives us.
18:08Go into all the world and announce the good news to everyone.
18:14Thank you!