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00:00Brothers and sisters, we are about to begin reading the books of the New Testament, so it is very important that each class we are going to see is preceded by the reading of the book we are going to be discussing.
00:17For example, the next class is class number 5 in which we will be talking about the Gospel according to Saint Mark, so it is very important that we do a prior reading of this book.
00:30And so on, subsequently, with the following classes.
00:38The Roman captain who was standing in front of Jesus, seeing that he had died, said, truly this man was the Son of God.
00:49The Gospel according to Saint Mark shows us the good news about the arrival of Jesus, as a reporter would in our times.
01:00Readers who were not Jewish, especially those in Rome, needed to hear the story of Jesus.
01:07That is why Mark undertakes to make a short outline of the most relevant events and actions in the life of Jesus, leaving out of his account some facts that would have been of special interest to the Jews.
01:23For example, we do not find in this writing any genealogy of Jesus that grants him the right to the throne of David.
01:33And there is little criticism of the religious leaders of Israel, contrary to what happens with the Gospel of Matthew, where we will see how the author tries to reason with Jewish thought to demonstrate that Jesus is the Messiah awaited and announced by the prophets.
01:51Most scholars agree that this is the first gospel that was written, around the year 60 AD and before the invasion of Jerusalem by Titus' Roman troops and the subsequent destruction of the temple around the year 70.
02:12Many believe that this work was written by a man named Juan Marcos.
02:18The name Mark is first mentioned in the Bible after King Herod Agrippa ordered the apostle Peter to be imprisoned.
02:28One night an angel freed Peter, who immediately went to the house of Mark's mother, named Mary, who lived in Jerusalem.
02:37Mark was Barnabas' cousin, and although he was not one of the apostles, it is known that he accompanied Paul and his cousin on their first missionary journey.
02:49Although he did not continue as Paul's companion due to some disagreements, he remained a companion of Barnabas and later became a great collaborator of the apostle Peter.
03:02The evangelist composed his work for a very specific type of community.
03:09In it he addresses Christians of pagan origin and what he intends is to proclaim the mystery of Jesus, son of God.
03:18Because of the audience he is addressing, Mark adheres only to the primitive form of catechesis,
03:27That is, it teaches its reader that he can have the evidence of the resurrection before him without seeing it,
03:36who may be faced with the greatest thing in life, such as the person of Jesus and the choice of his gospel.
03:44A reader who is committed to following Jesus and to living as such.
03:51As we discussed in the previous topic, the writing of the New Testament also involved a transition from oral tradition to written tradition.
04:07and for a time both coexisted.
04:11Faced with what was the evident end of the apostolic era,
04:15Writers from different communities began to write down what had been communicated to them orally.
04:23directly by eyewitnesses to the life, death, and resurrection of Jesus,
04:30That is, on the part of the apostles.
04:33Given the urgent need to put these memoirs in writing,
04:38First, a set of sayings and pronouncements of Jesus emerge.
04:42which were collected in a very old document of Palestinian origin
04:48and which many believe may have been written in Aramaic,
04:54which was the language of Jesus, and of many of his followers.
04:58This document is known as Q, which comes from the German Qüele, meaning source.
05:07What is known about this document and what makes it important to mention it,
05:14This is because it serves as a source for the writing of the Gospels of Matthew and Luke,
05:21along with other sources specific to each author.
05:24Well, the evangelist Mark, for his part, making use of the living preaching of the apostle Peter
05:32and from his own sources, he constructs the gospel of his authorship.
05:37This short story presented by Mark has a particularity in relation to the gospels of Matthew and Luke.
05:45The outline of this work is found almost entirely in these gospels,
05:51which leads scholars to the conclusion that Mark served,
05:56along with the Q document, as the main source of these gospels.
06:02We will try to explain it better and in a more graphic way.
06:07We said earlier that these gospels are called synoptic.
06:11This is because they share so many common texts that they can be arranged in parallel columns.
06:18that allow a view to highlight their similarities and differences.
06:24So, faced with this situation, the problem then arises of establishing
06:30what was the possible literary relationship between them?
06:35This is what we call the synoptic problem,
06:39which attempts to explain the relationship between these three gospels,
06:43determining the mutual interconnections between them,
06:48which was the first to be written and therefore used by the other two evangelists
06:53when drafting his.
06:55Some preliminary data will help us understand the problem.
06:59The Gospel of Mark is the shortest, with 661 verses.
07:06Mark only has 53 verses of his own.
07:10330 verses are triple tradition, 178 verses from Mark are only in Matthew
07:18and 100 verses from Mark are only in Luke.
07:22The Gospel of Matthew has 1,068 verses, of which 230 are common to Luke.
07:31Matthew has 330 verses of its own.
07:36The Gospel of Luke has 1,149 verses, of which 500 are unique to him.
07:45The rest are common to Matthew or Mark.
07:50Matthew and Luke have 230 verses in common that are not found in Mark.
07:56But to avoid further increasing the potential confusion generated by this data,
08:01The image below will help us clarify through a proposed theory
08:08Many scholars have wondered how these three works are connected.
08:14As we can see, the Gospel of Mark was used by Luke and Matthew along with another text,
08:22which, as we have already said, is known as Q, and which contains all the material common to Matthew and Luke,
08:29and that is not found in Mark.
08:32This theory is by far the most widely accepted among exegetes,
08:37and is known as the two-source theory.
08:41There are many other theories about how this interconnection between the gospels occurs.
08:47However, this theory is the most widely accepted.
08:52because it determines that the Gospel of Mark is very likely the oldest of the Synoptic Gospels,
08:59and that Matthew and Luke knew and used Mark's gospel when they wrote their own.
09:07This will always be a starting point when doing a Bible study.
09:11from some text taken from the synoptic gospels.