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00:00When we read the Gospel according to St. John, the remarkable differences compared to the Synoptic Gospels immediately become apparent.
00:16We perceive in it a series of beautiful and profound meditations that give the impression that it is a spiritual Gospel.
00:24However, its contents are not exactly a calm sea.
00:30The difficulties that the new people of God went through at the end of the first century are tangible in this work.
00:38We can say that the church was going through a real crisis.
00:43As we mentioned earlier, the author of the Gospel intends to provoke and maintain faith in Jesus as Christ and Son of God.
00:56And maintaining faith was very important for the community in the midst of a crisis.
01:05That is why the author uses a structure through which we find the action of Jesus through what are called signs.
01:16Let's look at the structure proposed by Juan for this purpose.
01:19First, we have a prologue in chapter 1, verses 1 through 18.
01:30It is an ancient Christian hymn, probably composed by the Johannine community.
01:37adapted as an introduction to the Gospel narrative of the life of the incarnate Word of God.
01:43This is followed by the part called the book of signs, which comprises chapter 1, verse 19 to chapter 12, verse 50.
01:56This section narrates the ministry of Jesus, which manifests itself through signs and words directed to his people as a revelation of the Father.
02:07but this is rejected.
02:08Within this section we find passages such as the testimony of John the Baptist,
02:15the wedding at Cana, the interview with Nicodemus, the multiplication of the loaves,
02:23the Eucharistic discourse, the adulterous woman, the healing of the man born blind,
02:31Jesus the Good Shepherd and the resurrection of Lazarus, among others.
02:36Next comes the so-called book of glory, from chapter 13 to chapter 20, verse 31.
02:46Jesus revealed himself through signs to those who believe in him,
02:52He shows his glory by returning to the Father, at the hour of his crucifixion, resurrection, and ascension.
03:00Once filled with glory, it communicates its life-giving spirit.
03:04Within this section we have passages such as the washing of the feet,
03:11the farewell discourse to his disciples, highlighting the promise of the Holy Spirit in chapter 16,
03:19the arrest of Jesus and his appearance before the authorities,
03:23the crucifixion, Jesus and his mother, the empty tomb and the apparitions to Mary Magdalene and her disciples.
03:34The conclusion in chapter 20, verses 30 and 31,
03:40It is at once a commentary on the content and intention of the Gospel, saying,
03:48Jesus performed many other miraculous signs in the presence of his disciples,
03:54which are not written in this book,
03:58But these have been written so that you may believe that Jesus is the Messiah,
04:04the Son of God, so that by believing they may have life through Him.
04:11Finally, we have the epilogue of chapter 21, verse 1 to verse 25.
04:18This is an additional account of Jesus' appearances in Galilee after the resurrection.
04:25As we have just seen, much of the content of this Gospel focuses on narrative texts,
04:34in which we find as a fundamental section the book of the signs of Jesus,
04:40also called the development of signs.
04:43We will learn why there is a difference between the signs shown by John and the miracles of the Synoptic Gospels.
04:51But to do this, we need to establish which signs we are referring to when we name them.
04:59Namely, they are the following seven.
05:03First sign, the water transformed into wine at the wedding in Cana.
05:09Second sign, the healing of the son of the royal official in Cana.
05:14Third sign, healing of the paralytic at the pool of Bethsaida.
05:20Fourth sign, the multiplication of the loaves in Galilee.
05:25Fifth sign, Jesus walks on the Sea of Galilee.
05:31Sixth sign, healing of the man born blind in Jerusalem.
05:36And the seventh and final sign, the resurrection of Lazarus in Bethany.
05:40It is surprising, first of all, to note that in the fourth gospel there are far fewer extraordinary gestures of Jesus than in the synoptic gospels.
05:53John has preserved seven miraculous deeds of Jesus,
05:58while a third of Mark's gospel is devoted to the narration of Jesus' miracles.
06:04At the end of John we are told that Jesus performed many other signs in the presence of the disciples that are not written in this book.
06:16And aware of this reduction, he writes.
06:20Jesus did many other things, so many that if they were written one by one,
06:26I think the whole world wouldn't have enough room for all the books that could be written.
06:38This is the traditional outline of miracle stories.
06:42Presentation of the people in need and the thaumaturge, that is, the one who performs the miracle.
06:50Implicit or explicit request for healing by the patient.
06:55Jesus' response through a gesture or word.
07:00Effects it produces on those present.
07:04This pattern can be detected in most synoptic narratives,
07:10although we do not always find the four points mentioned reproduced.
07:16This pattern is also identifiable in the Johannine signs.
07:25We still have to see the meaning of the Johannine signs.
07:31It is not enough to know that these stories began as brief narratives of extraordinary deeds of Jesus
07:39that had Christological motives.
07:42Who is this?
07:43The Gospel of John never uses the Greek word dynamis, which means power or strength,
07:52and which the Synoptic Gospels use to refer to the miracles of Jesus.
07:57We can also note that within this gospel, no exorcism performed by Jesus is narrated.
08:04Instead, he speaks of Jesus's wondrous deeds as signs.
08:11In any case, what we intend is to find the precise and specific meaning of the Johannine signs.
08:19According to the Synoptic Gospels, the dynamis or power of Jesus are the powerful acts that accompany the active presence of the kingdom among men.
08:36But, as we have seen, John does not speak of the kingdom nor describe the process of establishing the kingdom among men
08:45through the expulsion of demons and the healing of the sick.
08:49The most characteristic feature of the Gospel of John is the relationship of signs with faith.
09:01A brief glance at the main passages of the gospel is enough to realize that signs are linked to faith.
09:11For example, at the wedding in Cana it says, this thing that Jesus did in Cana of Galilee was the first miraculous sign with which he showed his glory and his disciples believed in him.
09:28In the healing of the man born blind it says, and they asked the man who had been blind again,
09:35Since he has given you the sight you speak of, he answered, I say that he is a prophet.
09:44In the text of the resurrection of Lazarus we find that this is why many of the Jews who had gone to accompany Mary and who saw what he had done believed in Jesus.
09:58At first glance we could say that the Johannine sign is that gesture made by Jesus which, once seen by men, leads to faith.
10:11But we also realize that signs do not always lead to faith.
10:18Only those who had enough faith could see beyond the meaning of the signs.
10:25But many received those signs with limited vision and insufficient faith.
10:32Therefore, the book of glory is addressed to those who had believed in the signs of the first book.
10:41And so they can contemplate the glory of the only son of the father announced in the prologue.
10:48We can say that the important thing about John's signs is their revelatory meaning.
10:52The signs reveal the source and origin of Jesus' activity, what motivates his actions, the deepest reason for his presence among men: being the one sent by the Father.
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