- vor 3 Jahren
"Max Hölz - Der rote Rebell" ist ein deutscher Spielfilm aus dem Jahr 1989, der die Geschichte des Kommunisten und Partisanen Max Hölz während der Weimarer Republik nacherzählt. Der Film wurde in der DDR produziert und unter der Regie von Werner W. Wallroth gedreht.
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MenschenTranskript
00:00This film is set in a time long gone and about an almost forgotten man.
00:07From someone who started something great, won, and lost.
00:12From someone who, in the end, could have said with Hölderlin, we have done our part as best we could.
00:18The telling of a story, the telling of a legend.
00:31Images of the fight for what the day can be, what life can be.
00:39Because a legend comes close to the truth about man.
00:48Max Hölz, symbolic figure of the rebellion.
01:08From the class struggles in Central Germany 1919, 20, 21.
01:13A hothead, a daredevil, a rebel.
01:16Robin Hood of the Vogtland, red general, communist.
01:20The policies of the KPD and the actions of its member Hölz are not always in harmony.
01:25He has a reputation for his idiosyncratic, even anarchistic, behavior.
01:30The party temporarily separates from him.
01:34These are the only film images of the riot that have come down to us.
01:38Traces of Max Hölz.
01:47Falkenstein in the Vogtland, 1920.
01:50Hölz is the man most hated by the bourgeoisie,
01:54because he wanted to radically bring his communist dream to life.
01:58The only recording of a Hölz troupe.
02:10Workers from Hölz armed with guns and with self-confidence.
02:16All their teaching and all their desire demanded action.
02:20And they acted.
02:21Workers from Hölz's troop
02:51Brutal violence is the ruling class's response.
02:56Their goal was to suppress the communist movement.
03:01The result, 6000 arrests, 4000 convictions
03:06and 2000 years in prison and penitentiary.
03:10In April 21 they have him too.
03:29Accuse him of high treason.
03:31Accuse him of manslaughter that he never committed.
03:34Make him a common criminal.
03:36And pronounce the sentence life imprisonment.
03:40Max Hölz.
03:42Who thought about the possibilities of the day after tomorrow and acted accordingly.
03:47With imagination, with wit, with the courage of personal responsibility.
03:55Life imprisonment.
03:56Hölz becomes a symbol of the prisoner revolutionary.
04:03The Red Flag writes,
04:04the cause of the proletariat is in good shape,
04:07when characters are characterized by the determination and willingness to sacrifice of a
04:10would not be too rare.
04:11Out with the political prisoners.
04:17Out with Max Hölz.
04:23His name becomes the banner of the fight,
04:26supported by the Communist Party and the Red Aid.
04:29From Brecht to Zille, the German intelligentsia stands up for Hölz.
04:49Reich amnesty for political prisoners in 1928.
05:08Max Hölz is released.
05:12Hundreds of thousands are waiting for him.
05:16Hölz steps out of legend into reality.
05:18The small communist party of 21 has become a mass party.
05:24The times do not need the turmoil.
05:28But doesn’t it always need to think about the day after tomorrow?
05:33Fantasy?
05:35Joke?
05:37Courage?
05:39Act?
05:44Ernst Thälmann sends greetings from Moscow from the Commentaries’ meeting.
05:48The return of our comrade, the proletarian revolutionary Max Hölz,
05:53to the work of the party, is most warmly welcomed by all of us.
05:56What task will he fulfill?
06:15What task will he fulfill?
06:17If I was once called the Kesselheiser of the revolution,
06:28So I say today, yes, I want to continue to be one of the many Kesselheiser of the revolution,
06:35by putting all my strength at the service of the Communist Party,
06:38by calling on every worker to join the ranks of the Communist Party of Germany.
06:43Long live the Communist Party of Germany, long live the Communist International,
06:48Long live our beloved Soviet Russia.
06:51With Max Hölz it was like with Maxim Gorky in his Legend of Danko.
07:04Danko wanted to lead his people out of the wild jungle.
07:09From the jungle where there was no ray of sun,
07:16where people died in the poisonous stench of the swamp.
07:26But the path out of this darkness was very difficult.
07:32And people lost all hope, they couldn't go any further.
07:37What had to be done?
07:40Then Danko took his dagger and ripped his heart out of his chest
07:48and raised the toast in hand.
07:53And the darkness disappeared because the heart shone as bright as a sun.
07:59It shone so brightly when it was filled with love for the people
08:07and with the desire to help people.
08:11And Danko spoke to his comrades.
08:15Thinking doesn’t remove any obstacles.
08:18If you do nothing, you won't achieve anything.
08:20Why do we waste our energy complaining?
08:22Come on, everything in the world has an end.
08:25People looked at him and realized that he was the best of all,
08:29for his eyes shone with power and living fire.
08:33Lead us, they said to him.
08:35The Central Committee of the KPD sent him to the Soviet Union to recover, study and engage in agitation.
08:50Travel to our friends in the Soviet Union and forget all our worries for a few weeks.
08:58He had dreamed of this in prison.
09:00The rebel, the stoker, the agitator reports.
09:12A man of 40 years.
09:14Mature, capable of achieving great things.
09:17All the longings of a revolutionary connect him with Soviet Russia.
09:46Max Hölz, the honorary soldier of the Red Workers’ and Peasants’ Army.
09:56He proudly shows the badge on his chest,
10:00awarded by the Revolutionary War Council in 1927.
10:04To Clara Zetkin, Bela Kuhn, Max Hölz, the Order of the Red Banner.
10:11For merit in battle.
10:12The photo has been taken.
10:17On May 1, 1930, it will be featured in the Red Flag.
10:23Ernst Thälmann will speak in Berlin.
10:25And in Leningrad in front of the Winter Palace
10:34Kirov will be in the stands.
10:39And next to him is the first German to receive the Revolutionary Order, Max Hölz.
10:45He is in a country that knows him, loves him, and reveres him.
10:55This explains
10:56from
10:56The byr
11:10How
11:10Music
11:39A few weeks turn into four years and a whole life. Max has no idea.
12:07He is a student at the Lenin School and has a room in the second House of Soviets, the Hotel Metropol.
12:16The moving plan ten rules.
12:19First, think carefully about the topic of your presentation.
12:23Second, write down thoughts as they arise.
12:27Third, if two thoughts occur to you at the same time, write them both down immediately, even if only half-heartedly or briefly.
12:34Party mandate, recovery.
12:37That was in Sozce.
12:52In a sanatorium where I was with my parents and my brother.
13:00Once I saw two Germans unable to understand the administration of the sanatorium because of language difficulties.
13:08And since I spoke German, I wanted to help out a bit.
13:15And when the story was over, I suddenly found out that I had helped Max Hölz.
13:20At that time, Max Hölz was already very well-known and famous in our country; many newspapers wrote about him.
13:34And I already knew.
13:37Max Hölz asked me my name, where I live, and who my parents are.
13:42And he said, well, because there are also foreign workers at this Kalomner factory, so when I have time, I'll come there.
13:53But of course I didn't take it seriously, because it sounds almost fantastic that he's going there.
14:02And then I told my parents and in late autumn Max Hölz came to us in Kalom-Savod.
14:18And of course it was a great experience for me to get to know such a person.
14:24He was, of course, a very unusual person.
14:28In his thinking, in his relationship with people, he was not like other people.
14:37And some time passed and we knew that we needed each other.
14:47And we decided to continue our journey through life together.
14:58Subtitling by ZDF for funk, 2017
15:28Magic formula, command and plan at the same time is the word that transforms Soviet Russia.
15:39Pyatiletka, Five-Year Plan.
15:43The entire Soviet Union marches at warlike pace.
15:48People collapsed from fatigue, got up and marched on.
15:52Nothing stood still, everything was in motion.
16:04Russia marched in a grey steel dress.
16:07The army, the one without trousers.
16:10Guided by slogans and posters.
16:12Workers and specialists flock to the country from all over the world to work here.
16:21Including thousands of Germans.
16:25It is the time of the global economic crisis.
16:31Max gives himself fully to this battle, which is not easier for him,
16:35is no less important than the battles he fought with a rifle.
16:39Max Hölz becomes an advocate for foreign workers because he becomes an advocate for socialism.
16:50He is obsessed with the idea of Russians and Germans standing shoulder to shoulder.
17:01Unfortunately, little has been done in this regard.
17:03Work and everyday contact between German and Soviet workers is weak.
17:10Russian and German workers should not only work together in production,
17:14They should be active in a friendly manner, especially in their free time.
17:19Socialize with each other at home, in clubs, and so on.
17:23This is a question of colossal importance.
17:25The agitator becomes an organizer.
17:33His mission is to move things forward.
17:40Client, Comintern and international Red Aid.
17:45He is in Leningrad, in his, the Max Hölz factory,
17:49Producer of the first Soviet typesetting and printing machines.
17:52He is in the Urals, at the 8th Congress of Soviets.
18:09Talk in order to act.
18:12Act.
18:13Act.
18:14Act.
18:22And in his luggage, like a trophy of the Five-Year Plan,
18:36a gift from the first Soviet stainless steel.
18:41Maxu is considered a Zlatousta worker.
18:47To Siberia.
18:54Dear Comrade Wilhelm, I am finally leaving tonight.
18:58Ada comes along.
18:59I am very much looking forward to working in Kuznetsk-Truysk.
19:02And I believe that I will learn a lot there
19:05and that I can be useful.
19:07Dear friend Max, I completely agree with you.
19:10Best regards to you and your wife.
19:14Now we were in Kuznetsk.
19:35I worked there on the turntable as a turner.
19:42And Max worked with the immigration specialists.
19:47There were many German workers and engineers,
19:51who participated in the construction.
19:53This was a colossally difficult task for him.
20:00Because these people, I’m not even talking about the living conditions,
20:05which were not good for them either,
20:08although they lived a hundred times better
20:10than the Soviet workers and Soviet engineers.
20:14I'm not talking about that.
20:16But they could not imagine at all
20:22like such a work on such a technical level,
20:28which perhaps no longer existed in America,
20:32not only in Europe,
20:34how such a work is built with such resources.
20:46The fight for iron and coal is fierce.
20:57Even more powerful is the
20:58against ignorance,
21:03Indifference, bureaucracy, sloppiness.
21:09Max intervenes
21:10With imagination, with wit,
21:14with the courage of personal responsibility.
21:20He has often performed
21:22also in various meetings.
21:25But sometimes the workers told him,
21:28well, you speak very beautifully.
21:31And of course you can speak very beautifully,
21:33but try to work like this,
21:35how we do it.
21:36Try it.
21:37It's not that easy.
21:38And Max has decided
21:42to make such an attempt.
21:44He went to Timirtau,
21:46to work there as a simple miner.
22:01Max writes in his diary.
22:049.4.
22:05How should we fulfill our plan?
22:07Many times the lights went out.
22:10The worker Maslow appears to be a kulak.
22:12Village starves.
22:14Five times worse.
22:1612.4.
22:18With my candle we were able to load a few wagons of ore.
22:2224.4.
22:24Was sick.
22:25Rheumatism and rubbed ass.
22:2710.5.
22:3010.5.
22:30Can fulfill our plans despite shortcomings.
22:34When everything is there,
22:35then it is no feat.
22:37It's easy to eat from a full bowl.
22:39After Kusnetsk he writes to Ada,
22:41Dearest Adusik,
22:44I have to be amazed every day,
22:46how the miners toil and toil.
22:49I have never seen people work like this before.
22:51We humans live from day to day and think,
22:54what good guys we are,
22:56when we do something special.
22:57But these miners here are real heroes.
23:01Without them we would not have blast furnaces,
23:04no rolling mills, no lathes,
23:05can't build nails.
23:07Dearest Adusik,
23:09I'm really looking forward to a long, lovely letter from you.
23:20And there came a day,
23:22where the blast furnace started to function.
23:25So we were so excited,
23:28we couldn't sleep at all.
23:30When the blast furnace had risen,
23:32there we all stood around in the night
23:35and have been waiting for this first cast iron.
23:39That was of course a day
23:41that you can't forget.
23:43And I regret very much,
23:44that Max wasn't there.
23:51In May, Max will be back in Kuznetsk.
23:53His Leica holds,
23:56what the heart sees.
23:57The Leica holds,
23:57what the heart sees.
23:59They will be back in Moscow in the middle of the year.
24:17Max looks through his notes,
24:19analyzed, criticized,
24:20and writes letters to Soviet and German authorities.
24:23In August 32, Max and Ada visit Clara Zetkin in Archangelskoje,
24:49before returning to Germany for the opening of the new Reichstag
24:53as its senior president.
24:55This encounter is not only in my memory,
25:00but also remained in my heart.
25:02I was completely shocked by this encounter,
25:05because I couldn’t imagine
25:08how it is in such a thin and weak body
25:12is such a powerful spirit.
25:15She already had weak eyes at that time,
25:17but she could see much further in the distance
25:22than people who have hacked good eyes.
25:28Max puts the Leica on the tripod,
25:30presses the self-timer, runs back,
25:32wants to be on it too.
25:33What the photo doesn’t reveal,
25:48Max wants to go back to Germany.
25:50There is a lot to do there.
25:52The Central Committee does not consider it right
25:54that he is driving now.
25:56January 30, 1933 arrives.
26:00Max is there in itself,
26:01that if at all now is the moment
26:03to strike.
26:05He wants to fight like he did against the Kapp Putsch.
26:09A retreat from the Nazis
26:10would be the communist party
26:12cause serious damage.
26:16The leadership of the KPD makes a different decision.
26:20Max rebels,
26:22but complies with the decision.
26:24And he was in real despair,
26:28that he is not there
26:29and not with the comrades
26:31can organize this fight against Nazis.
26:36He was a human being
26:38the active action,
26:42of active combat.
26:45And he had to sit here
26:48and couldn't take part in that.
26:50This made him incredibly nervous.
26:52He couldn't even
26:53continue his work.
26:56Max.
27:01Who thought the possible of the day after tomorrow
27:04and acted accordingly.
27:06His imagination, his wit,
27:08his courage of personal responsibility
27:10were uncomfortable for many.
27:14A word is at hand,
27:15as before,
27:16that the person it is meant to hit
27:18brands and stamps.
27:20It's always the same old tune.
27:27They talk about my alleged anarchism,
27:30but no one has yet taken the trouble
27:32even just once
27:33to talk to me about it
27:34and tell me specifically,
27:36based on which facts
27:38my anarchism is demonstrable.
27:41I don't believe,
27:43that our party
27:43with such a procedure
27:44agrees.
27:45Let us clean up the Soviet apparatus
27:55of decomposing elements.
27:58In these times
27:58takes place in all facilities
28:00the Tschistka,
28:01the party purge, took place.
28:03Max Hölz,
28:04as an employee
28:05the International Red Aid,
28:07must be responsible for his thoughts and actions
28:08Answer questions.
28:10The rumors make him
28:11a party scarecrow.
28:12Clarifying his role
28:13in the German revolutionary movement
28:15in front of the Tschistka
28:16does not come about.
28:22Max sends Ada to relatives,
28:24barricades himself in his room,
28:27looking for a conversation
28:28with leading comrades.
28:35The space in front of the window.
28:36The talks are taking place
28:58with Fritz Heckert
28:59from the Comintern,
29:00with the Stassova
29:01from the International Red Aid.
29:03Without result.
29:04Comrades Stassova,
29:08Heckert and others
29:09are firmly convinced
29:10that I am a sensation,
29:12that I am chasing personal glory
29:13and that I therefore
29:15cannot work well,
29:16because I'm consumed by megalomania.
29:18This is not surprising,
29:20such an attitude
29:21I must create
29:22because factories, shoes
29:23and named ships after me.
29:24Oh, if these
29:29wonderfully clever comrades
29:30but only a little bit
29:31wanted to make an effort,
29:33their employees,
29:34their comrades,
29:35their sincere friends
29:36to understand.
29:36The receptions and greetings
29:42at train stations,
29:44in factories,
29:45with drums and trumpets
29:47are for me a true
29:48Run the gantlet.
29:50I also can’t imagine
29:52that such honors
29:52and such knick-knacks
29:54on politically active people
29:56has a fertilizing and stimulating effect.
29:58That is why I was granted
30:00working in the mine in Siberia,
30:03the lowest and dirtiest,
30:06a great inner satisfaction.
30:08There I received as an individual
30:09no applause.
30:11Every praise,
30:12which the Brigade received,
30:14honored and fertilized me too.
30:19Would the applause of the masses,
30:22the honors and awards
30:24make me happy and pamper me,
30:26then I would have to go to the
30:27most satisfied and happiest people
30:29in the SU.
30:31But in reality
30:32I feel extremely dissatisfied
30:33and depressed,
30:34because my work does not receive the applause
30:36and satisfaction
30:37the party leadership.
30:40Comrade Stasovar
30:41will unfortunately do nothing
30:42and not help,
30:44that through a public gesture
30:46the impression is eliminated,
30:47that I am banished
30:48and as one of the party
30:50considered outlawed.
30:52My mood is horrible,
30:53hopeless and bitter.
30:57He visits soldiers of the Red Army.
31:04He's back to his old self.
31:11The old man?
31:16Max flees Moscow,
31:18goes to Gorky,
31:20works in a Sofkos
31:21under other people's names.
31:22From the assessment?
31:29Comrade Hammer
31:30is one of the best workers,
31:32who gave his classmates
31:33his experience,
31:34how to work on socialist fields
31:36has to work.
31:39Take an example
31:40to Comrade Hammer.
31:43In Moscow stands Ada
31:44in the entrance exam
31:45to the university.
31:46Today I finally
31:51the second letter from you,
31:52you Maxerich.
31:53You write to me very little,
31:54you big rascal.
31:57I'll send you the newspaper.
32:01On the last page
32:01is the explanation
32:02of loss
32:03citizenship
32:04for 33 journalists
32:05and politicians,
32:06among which you are also.
32:08The first expatriation list
32:12the Nazis.
32:15Because they are affected by a behavior
32:17that against duty
32:17to loyalty
32:18against empire and people
32:19violates,
32:20German interests
32:21have caused damage.
32:32Every return
32:33to Germany
32:33is excluded.
32:35The Chistka
32:36is for mid-September
32:37set.
32:41My beep,
32:42The day before yesterday I received
32:43a letter from you
32:44and I was very
32:46happy about the flowers.
32:48It's so cold
32:49and gray in Moscow
32:50and the flowers
32:50gave me a fresh,
32:52brought a green greeting.
32:55Soon you will
32:56be here again.
32:58This thought
32:58makes me happy
32:59and happy.
33:00I am without you
33:01so terribly lonely here.
33:03I wait impatiently
33:05to the moment,
33:06when you again
33:06you will be here.
33:09With a kiss
33:10your Adusik.
33:15This is the last letter.
33:17On September 15
33:18Max Hölz drowns
33:19in the waters of the OK.
33:21Max and Death,
33:26these words could be
33:28not unite at all.
33:31That was completely out of the question.
33:33You could imagine that
33:34can't even imagine.
33:36Because Max
33:36and life,
33:37that was the right thing to do.
33:40And also
33:41I could
33:42of course very difficult
33:43introduce,
33:44that he drowned.
33:46It's disappearing so well.
33:47how did he get into the river.
33:49That was for me
33:50everything
33:51completely incomprehensible.
33:55And when I
33:56there to
33:57Goethe came,
33:59until I didn't see him,
34:00could i
34:01don't believe
34:02that it really
34:03happened.
34:05But I came
34:06into a hall,
34:08where a huge amount
34:09of people,
34:11many flowers,
34:13the guard of honor.
34:15And there he lay
34:16in the grave,
34:18in civilian clothes,
34:19by
34:19I don't
34:21I have seen.
34:23The comrades
34:24from Gorky
34:25have
34:25for him
34:26this suit
34:27supplied.
34:30And
34:31now
34:32I knew
34:34that it is
34:35happened.
34:39But for me
34:41was everything,
34:42what around me
34:43proceeded,
34:44was everything
34:45off.
34:46Only this feeling,
34:47of the tremendous
34:50loss,
34:52unfulfillable
34:53loss,
34:55filled me.
35:09How did
35:11a human
35:12behind him
35:12the people
35:13lead?
35:14Perhaps,
35:15because he
35:15his ideas
35:16pronounces well.
35:20But
35:20good ideas
35:21can many
35:22People
35:22pronounce well.
35:24Perhaps
35:25much more scientific,
35:26than the
35:26Max
35:27Wood
35:27could do.
35:30But
35:30Wood
35:32has
35:32his
35:33Ideas
35:35in
35:35Actions
35:36realized.
35:39And
35:39therefore
35:39came
35:40the people
35:40to him.
35:42Be
35:42Heart,
35:43like that
35:43Heart of
35:44Danko,
35:45was to
35:46the people
35:46with love
35:47crowded.
35:53It was
35:54Evening,
35:55and in the
35:55Rays of the
35:56sinking
35:56Sun shone
35:57the river
35:58red like
35:58the blood,
35:59that in
36:00be called
36:00Flow
36:01from the
36:01torn
36:01Breast
36:02Dankos
36:02ran.
36:03Still
36:04a
36:04View
36:04threw
36:05the
36:05bold
36:05Danko
36:05on the
36:06wide
36:06steppe
36:06before
36:07him.
36:07A
36:08happy
36:08View
36:08threw
36:09he
36:09on
36:09the
36:09free
36:09country
36:10and
36:10laughed
36:11proud.
36:11Then
36:12he fell
36:13there
36:13and
36:13was
36:13dead.
36:21The
36:22People
36:22but,
36:23happier
36:23Hopeful,
36:24noticed
36:24be
36:25passing away
36:25not at all
36:26and saw
36:26not,
36:27that
36:27next to
36:27the
36:27Corpse
36:27Dankos
36:28still
36:29be
36:29bold
36:29Heart
36:30flamed.
36:34Only
36:34a
36:34more cautious
36:35Man
36:35noticed
36:36the,
36:37and because
36:37he
36:37anything
36:38feared,
36:39he stepped
36:40with the
36:40Foot
36:40on the
36:41proud
36:41Heart
36:41and it
36:43solved
36:43itself
36:44in
36:44Spark
36:44on
36:45and
36:46extinguished.
37:08The
37:11is
37:12...
37:15...
37:17The
37:17...
37:17...
37:25...
37:28...
37:28...
37:33Subtitling by ZDF, 2020
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