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Esta entrada sirve como una introducción al juego y la serie, y cubre los orígenes del béisbol y el juego tal como evolucionó antes del siglo XX, hasta donde las ligas profesionales hacen que el juego crezca en popularidad y notoriedad en toda la nación en crecimiento.
Baseball es una miniserie documental de televisión estadounidense de 1994 creada por el documentalista Ken Burns sobre la historia del deporte del béisbol.
Transmitido por primera vez en PBS, este fue el noveno documental de Burns y ganó el Premio Primetime Emmy de 1995 a la Mejor Serie Informativa. Fue financiado en parte por el National Endowment for the Humanities.
El béisbol, al igual que los documentales anteriores de Burns, como The Civil War, utilizó imágenes de archivo y filmaciones mezcladas con entrevistas para la presentación visual. Los actores proporcionan voz en off recitando trabajos escritos (cartas, discursos, etc.) sobre imágenes y videos. Los episodios se intercalan con la música de la época tomada de series anteriores de Burns, música original o grabaciones que van desde Louis Armstrong hasta Elvis Presley. John Chancellor, presentador de NBC Nightly News de 1970 a 1982, narró la serie.
El documental se divide en nueve partes, cada una denominada "entrada", que sigue la división de un juego de béisbol. Cada "entrada" repasa una época, mencionando momentos notables en el mundo y en Estados Unidos mismo, y comienza con un breve prólogo que actúa como una visión del juego durante esa época.
El prólogo termina con la interpretación de "The Star-Spangled Banner" tal como comenzaría un juego de béisbol real, generalmente interpretado por una banda de música, con un par de excepciones: la década de 1920, donde la interpretación es tocada por un piano de la época, y la década de 1960, donde la interpretación es la versión tocada por Jimi Hendrix en Woodstock.
En algunos episodios de "entradas", se usa una versión de época del himno de béisbol "Take Me Out to the Ball Game". Aproximadamente a la mitad de cada "entrada", aparece una tarjeta de título, que dice "Parte inferior de" la entrada, dividiendo el episodio en dos partes de una manera que también recuerda el juego; en la séptima "entrada", el "Fondo" es precedido inmediatamente por el "tramo de la séptima entrada".
Dentro de estas mitades del episodio, hay segmentos más pequeños que también se destacan con una simple tarjeta de título que a menudo destaca varias partes importantes de la historia del béisbol.
Estos a menudo incluyen momentos destacados de jugadores, juegos importantes o llenos de acontecimientos, o la creación de varias marcas que ahora son bien conocidas en todo el béisbol, como Louisville Slugger.
Sigue mi pagina de Face: https://www.facebook.com/VicsionSpear/
#documentales
#españollatino
#historia
#relatos
Baseball es una miniserie documental de televisión estadounidense de 1994 creada por el documentalista Ken Burns sobre la historia del deporte del béisbol.
Transmitido por primera vez en PBS, este fue el noveno documental de Burns y ganó el Premio Primetime Emmy de 1995 a la Mejor Serie Informativa. Fue financiado en parte por el National Endowment for the Humanities.
El béisbol, al igual que los documentales anteriores de Burns, como The Civil War, utilizó imágenes de archivo y filmaciones mezcladas con entrevistas para la presentación visual. Los actores proporcionan voz en off recitando trabajos escritos (cartas, discursos, etc.) sobre imágenes y videos. Los episodios se intercalan con la música de la época tomada de series anteriores de Burns, música original o grabaciones que van desde Louis Armstrong hasta Elvis Presley. John Chancellor, presentador de NBC Nightly News de 1970 a 1982, narró la serie.
El documental se divide en nueve partes, cada una denominada "entrada", que sigue la división de un juego de béisbol. Cada "entrada" repasa una época, mencionando momentos notables en el mundo y en Estados Unidos mismo, y comienza con un breve prólogo que actúa como una visión del juego durante esa época.
El prólogo termina con la interpretación de "The Star-Spangled Banner" tal como comenzaría un juego de béisbol real, generalmente interpretado por una banda de música, con un par de excepciones: la década de 1920, donde la interpretación es tocada por un piano de la época, y la década de 1960, donde la interpretación es la versión tocada por Jimi Hendrix en Woodstock.
En algunos episodios de "entradas", se usa una versión de época del himno de béisbol "Take Me Out to the Ball Game". Aproximadamente a la mitad de cada "entrada", aparece una tarjeta de título, que dice "Parte inferior de" la entrada, dividiendo el episodio en dos partes de una manera que también recuerda el juego; en la séptima "entrada", el "Fondo" es precedido inmediatamente por el "tramo de la séptima entrada".
Dentro de estas mitades del episodio, hay segmentos más pequeños que también se destacan con una simple tarjeta de título que a menudo destaca varias partes importantes de la historia del béisbol.
Estos a menudo incluyen momentos destacados de jugadores, juegos importantes o llenos de acontecimientos, o la creación de varias marcas que ahora son bien conocidas en todo el béisbol, como Louisville Slugger.
Sigue mi pagina de Face: https://www.facebook.com/VicsionSpear/
#documentales
#españollatino
#historia
#relatos
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00:00En 1909, un hombre llamado Charles Hercules Ebbets
00:26began secretly buying up adjacent parcels of land
00:30in the Flatbush section of Brooklyn,
00:32including the site of a garbage dump called Pig Town
00:36because of the pigs that once ate their fill there
00:39and the stench that still filled the egg.
00:43He hoped eventually to build a permanent home
00:45for the lackluster baseball team he had once worked for and now owned.
00:51The team was called the Trolley Dodgers, or just the Dodgers,
00:55after the way their devoted fans negotiated Brooklyn's busy streets.
01:01In 1912, construction began.
01:05By the time it was completed,
01:08Pig Town had been transformed into Ebbets Field,
01:12baseball's newest shrine,
01:14where some of the game's greatest drama would take place.
01:17In the years to come, Dodger fans would see more bad times than good,
01:24but hardly care.
01:26Listen to the southern cadences of a pioneer broadcaster
01:30and witness firsthand baseball's finest moment
01:34when a black man wearing the number 42
01:38trotted out to first base.
01:47In 1955, after more than four decades of frustration,
01:53Brooklyn would finally win a world championship,
01:55only to know just two years later the ultimate heartbreak
02:01as their team moved to a new city 3,000 miles away,
02:06leaving an empty shell in Flatbush
02:08and an even emptier spot in the soul of every Brooklyn fan.
02:13It measures just nine inches in circumference,
02:32weighs only about five ounces,
02:34and is made of cork wound with woolen yarn
02:37covered with two layers of cowhide
02:39and stitched by hand precisely 216 times.
02:45It travels 60 feet 6 inches from the pitcher's mound to home,
02:51and it can cover that distance at nearly 100 miles an hour.
02:56Along the way, it can be made to twist,
02:59spin, curve, wobble, rise, or fall away.
03:03The bat is made of turned ash,
03:08less than 42 inches long,
03:10not more than two and three-quarter inches in diameter.
03:15The batter has only a few thousandths of a second
03:18to decide to hit the ball.
03:25And yet the men who fail seven times out of ten
03:28are considered the game's greatest heroes.
03:31The guy's favourite hero of the field is to do
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04:00¡Gracias!
04:30¡Gracias!
05:00¡Gracias!
05:30¡Gracias!
06:00¡Gracias!
06:01¡Gracias!
06:02¡Gracias!
06:03¡Gracias!
06:04¡Gracias!
06:05¡Gracias!
06:06¡Gracias!
06:07¡Gracias!
06:08¡Gracias!
06:09¡Gracias!
06:10¡Gracias!
06:11¡Gracias!
06:12¡Gracias!
06:13¡Gracias!
06:14¡Gracias!
06:15¡Gracias!
06:16¡Gracias!
06:17¡Gracias!
06:18¡Gracias!
06:19¡Gracias!
06:20¡Gracias!
06:21¡Gracias!
06:22¡Gracias!
06:23¡Gracias!
06:24¡Gracias!
06:25¡Gracias!
06:26¡Gracias!
06:27¡Gracias!
06:28Es un deprimido democrático que toleran el malo y ha excluido tantos como incluido.
06:37Un juego profundamente conservador que se va a ser años antes de su tiempo.
06:43Es un odysseo americano que relaciona a los hijos y hijas a los padres y abuelos.
07:00Y refleja un montón de tensiones de la vida de los americanos.
07:05Entre los trabajadores y los owners, los escandalos y la reforma, los individuos y los colectivos.
07:23Es un juego escondido en el cual cada jugador se va a ser medido contra los gatos de todos los que han ido antes.
07:30Más de todo, es sobre el tiempo y el tiempo.
07:38El velocidad y la gracia.
07:41El fallo y la perdida.
07:45La esperanza de la esperanza.
07:48Y el volumen de casa.
07:50Aquí está el pico, es un slow curveballo, y la Bave clingsó, es un long run, es in there.
07:56Another home run for the Bambino.
07:57Colabay, hits his second home in the bank.
08:01Feller starts that wind-up.
08:02Here's the pitch for the second strike.
08:05Here's the pitch.
08:06Swings on a low fastball for strike three.
08:09And now comes up Joe DiMaggio.
08:11He connects.
08:12A long ball going out in the left field.
08:15Medwich under it, but it's a home run.
08:18A home run.
08:19We'll get this ovation for Joe DiMaggio.
08:22Robinson with a good lead.
08:23There he goes.
08:23He hits the dirt and he's safe.
08:27Paso pitches, William swings, there's a high drive.
08:31It is a home run against the right field.
08:35The 2-2 to May.
08:37Swing, ground ball, third base side.
08:38Brooks Robinson's got it, throwing from foul, ground toward first base.
08:42It is in time.
08:44It's fun.
08:46That's what it is.
08:47It's fun.
08:48Baseball is more fun than anything else.
08:50You can watch it and just love it and enjoy it.
08:53I don't think there's anything tremendously philosophical about it.
08:56I don't think there's anything metaphysical.
08:57I just think it's so much fun to watch.
08:59You watch a player do something.
09:00You watch a second baseman go up in the air in a double play and he throws the ball.
09:04He's like a bird in flight.
09:05He's watching to see what happened.
09:06You see a first baseman take a bad throw in the dirt and come up with something like that
09:10and sort of wander off the bag as if there's no problem at all.
09:12It's just delightful.
09:15There's a long drive way back in center field.
09:19Way back, back.
09:20It is what he made.
09:26Just brought this crowd to his feet with a catch,
09:29which must have been an optical illusion to a lot of people.
09:36You are very excited.
09:38Now, we can zoom in on a little bit.
09:59The next thing we want are coming.
10:04Un día en 1839 en Cooperstown, Nueva York, en los estores de Lake Otsego,
10:17la academia local estaba jugando un juego de town ball contra Green Select School.
10:27Las reglas de town ball eran tan cortas que cada hit era fair,
10:32y chicos sometimes ran headlong into one another.
10:40That day, an academy player named Abner Doubleday sat down and on the spot,
10:46drew up the rules for a brand new game and called it baseball.
10:52Abner Doubleday would eventually become a hero at the Battle of Gettysburg,
10:57and his game would become the national pastime.
11:02Or so the legend has it.
11:08Abner Doubleday really was a distinguished soldier,
11:12but he was at West Point, not Cooperstown, that summer,
11:15never claimed to have had anything to do with baseball,
11:19may never have even seen a professional game.
11:23Baseball's real history is more complicated.
11:26Baseball has nearly all the qualities and the narrative that the country has.
11:36It's competitive, it's spirited, it's got the joshing,
11:41and it's got the intellectual side, the great students of it.
11:44But it's also got labor unions and management and gimmicks and promotion and venality and
11:54great public fools in baseball and great public heroes and self-serving people and generous people.
12:00And it has pride and unity of town and of country and it'll do for a figure for the American system.
12:111744.
12:16The ball once struck off,
12:21away flies the boy,
12:24to the next destined post,
12:27and then home with joy.
12:29Children have hit balls with bats as long as there have been children.
12:38But baseball's most direct ancestors were two British games,
12:43rounders, a children's sport brought to New England by the earliest colonists,
12:48and cricket,
12:50a stately pastime divided into innings and supervised by umpires.
12:55By the time of the American Revolution,
12:59there were many variations.
13:02Boys played one version or another in schoolyards and village greens and on college campuses.
13:121786.
13:14A fine day.
13:16Play ball in the campus.
13:18But am beaten,
13:20for I miss catching and striking the ball.
13:22Princeton College.
13:28Of all baseball's ancestors,
13:31town ball was by far the most popular.
13:35Under its rules,
13:36the infield was square.
13:38Eight to fifteen men played on a side,
13:41sometimes as many as fifty.
13:44The pitcher or feeder was the least important player.
13:47It was his job to lob the ball to the striker,
13:51who could wait and wait for the pitch he wanted.
13:55The runner was out if the ball was caught on the fly,
13:58or if he was soaked,
14:00hit with the ball while running between bases.
14:03By 1800,
14:08town ball and its many variations were played nearly everywhere.
14:14On their way back from the Pacific Ocean,
14:17Lewis and Clark played a game of bass
14:19with the Nez Perce Indians
14:21as they prepared to cross the Bitterroot Mountains.
14:24In the 1830s,
14:28on the western frontier of Missouri,
14:30ball was the favorite sport of Joseph Smith,
14:33the founder of a new religious sect
14:35called the Mormons.
14:38But back east,
14:39in Cooperstown, New York,
14:41city fathers passed an ordinance restricting play
14:44after merchants complained
14:46about too many broken windows.
14:48Meanwhile,
14:51in New York City,
14:52they were starting to play
14:54a brand new version of the game.
15:01There is the illusion
15:03that this connects us
15:05on a straight line
15:06to our rural past,
15:09our country past.
15:11And we have an image somewhere
15:12in the back of our minds
15:13of fathers and sons
15:15or boys playing baseball
15:16on a meadow somewhere.
15:18The truth of the matter
15:21is that baseball was an urban game
15:22almost from the beginning.
15:24Organized ball was played
15:25by men in cities near saloons.
15:29In the 1840s,
15:31New Yorkers walked and worked
15:32and lived at what was called
15:34a railroad pace.
15:36For the thousands of single men
15:38pouring into the city
15:39in search of work,
15:40their crowded world centered
15:42around boarding houses and saloons,
15:45volunteer fire companies
15:46and ward politics,
15:47and baseball teams.
15:51In September of 1845,
15:54as Americans now claimed
15:55the right to overspread
15:57the whole of the continent,
15:59a group of friends
16:00formed the New York
16:01Knickerbocker Baseball Club.
16:03They were merchants, brokers,
16:07insurance salesmen,
16:09a United States marshal,
16:11a portrait photographer,
16:13a dealer in cigars.
16:14And they showed a lively interest
16:18in improving the game.
16:21Three balls being struck at
16:23and missed,
16:25and the last one caught
16:26is a hand out.
16:29If not caught,
16:31is considered fair,
16:32and the striker bound to run.
16:35Alexander Joy Cartwright
16:38was a volunteer fireman
16:43and bank clerk
16:44working for Daniel Ebbets,
16:46the father of the man
16:47who would one day build
16:49Ebbets Field.
16:50He helped establish
16:51the Knickerbockers
16:52and codify new rules
16:54that would change the game forever.
16:56The infield would now be
17:01diamond-shaped.
17:03Foul lines were established,
17:04and the batter got
17:05three missed swings
17:07before he was called out.
17:09Most important,
17:11runners would now be tagged
17:13or thrown out,
17:14not thrown at.
17:16It was now a more challenging game,
17:19faster-paced,
17:21American,
17:23and to the Knickerbockers' great delight,
17:25quite distinct from cricket
17:26and rounders.
17:31But there was precious little room
17:33to play the new game
17:34in the crowded streets
17:35of lower Manhattan,
17:36and the Knickerbockers
17:37had to travel across
17:39the Hudson River
17:39to Hoboken, New Jersey,
17:41and a grassy area
17:43called the Elysian Fields.
17:47They crossed the
17:49Barclay Street Ferry
17:50in a body,
17:51like unto the pilgrims
17:52of yore,
17:54and marched up
17:55the country road
17:55on the Jersey side,
17:57prospecting here and there
17:59for suitable grounds,
18:00until they reached
18:02the Elysian Fields,
18:03where they settled.
18:05Then they perfected
18:07their organization,
18:08calling it
18:09the Knickerbockers,
18:10which was the nucleus
18:12of the great American game
18:14of baseball.
18:14Seymour Church.
18:19Twice a week,
18:20we went over to the Elysian Fields
18:22for practice.
18:24Once there,
18:25we were free
18:25from all restraint
18:26and throwing off our coats.
18:28We played until it was too dark
18:30to see any longer.
18:32I was a left-handed batter
18:33and sometimes used to hit
18:35the ball into the river.
18:37People began to take an interest
18:38in the game presently,
18:39and sometimes we had
18:40as many as a hundred
18:41spectators watching.
18:45By the following spring,
18:47the Knickerbockers
18:48were finally ready
18:49to take on another team.
18:52On June 19, 1846,
18:55at the Elysian Fields,
18:57they played against
18:57a group of cricket players
18:59in the first real
19:00baseball game
19:02in history.
19:02The Knickerbockers lost,
19:0623 to 1.
19:08But their game spread
19:10throughout the city.
19:14By the 1850s,
19:16New York was baseball man.
19:18There were teams of doctors,
19:39teams of teachers,
19:41teams of tradesmen.
19:43Shipbuilders formed clubs,
19:45so did firemen,
19:46bankers,
19:47teamsters,
19:48lawyers,
19:49even undertakers.
19:56Meanwhile,
19:57the Knickerbockers
19:58continued to refine
19:59their game.
20:01The winning team
20:02was the first
20:03to get 21 aces,
20:05or runs,
20:06soon changed
20:07to whoever was ahead
20:08at the end
20:09of nine innings.
20:11They standardized
20:12the number of men
20:13who could play
20:14on a side
20:15at nine
20:15and set the bases
20:1790 feet apart.
20:29Alexander Joy Cartwright
20:30left Manhattan
20:31and helped spread
20:33baseball westward,
20:34across the Rockies,
20:36onto the California
20:37Gold Rush,
20:38then all the way
20:39to Hawaii.
20:40there he became
20:43a wealthy merchant,
20:44but he never
20:45entirely lost interest
20:46in the team
20:47he'd helped to form
20:48or the game
20:49he'd helped lay out.
20:52Honolulu.
20:52Dear old Knickerbockers,
20:56I hope the club
20:57is still kept up
20:58and I shall someday
21:00meet again with them
21:01on the pleasant fields
21:02of Hoboken.
21:05Have in my possession
21:06the original ball
21:07with which we used
21:08to play on Murray Hill.
21:11Sometimes I have
21:13thought of sending it home,
21:15but I cannot bear
21:17to part with it.
21:18so linked
21:20in with
21:20cherished
21:21home memories.
21:37On December 5th,
21:381856,
21:40Sunday New York Mercury
21:41referred to baseball
21:43for the first time,
21:44somewhat optimistically,
21:45as the national pastime.
21:49Ball playing
21:50communicated
21:51such an impulse
21:52to our limbs
21:53and joints
21:53that there is nothing
21:55now heard of
21:56in our leisure hours
21:57but ball,
21:58ball, ball.
22:01I cannot prophesy
22:02with any degree
22:03of accuracy
22:04concerning the continuance
22:06of this rage
22:07for play,
22:08but the effect
22:09is good
22:10since there's been
22:11a thoroughgoing
22:12reformation
22:13from inactivity
22:14and torpitude.
22:17Henry Wadsworth Longfellow.
22:26There were some 50 clubs
22:28in the New York area
22:29alone by 1858,
22:32and special trains
22:34ran out to Long Island
22:35where onlookers
22:36saw the New York
22:37All-Stars
22:38beat their Brooklyn
22:39counterparts
22:40and for the first time
22:41were made to pay
22:42for the privilege,
22:4450 cents
22:44to the man
22:46who owned the field.
22:49In an attempt
22:50to keep control
22:51of their game,
22:52the Knickerbockers
22:53and other established clubs
22:55banded together
22:56to form
22:56the National Association
22:58of Baseball Players.
23:00They set down
23:01still more rules.
23:04An umpire
23:04was given the power
23:05to call strikes.
23:06No one was allowed
23:09to catch the ball
23:10in his cap.
23:12Above all,
23:14baseball was to remain
23:15an amateur's game.
23:17No player
23:18was ever to be paid.
23:24By the spring
23:25of 1861,
23:27there were 62
23:28member clubs
23:29in the National Association
23:30of Baseball Players.
23:33Free blacks
23:33in northern cities
23:34had established
23:35their own teams.
23:36and Henry Chadwick
23:38was trying to start
23:39a baseball club
23:40in Richmond, Virginia
23:41when the new season
23:43was suddenly interrupted.
23:45Virginia, April 3rd, 1862.
23:58It is astonishing
23:59how indifferent
23:59a person can become
24:01to danger.
24:02A report of musketry
24:03is heard
24:04but a very little
24:04distance from us.
24:06Yet over there
24:07on the other side
24:07of the road
24:08is most of our company
24:09playing bat ball.
24:10And perhaps in less
24:12than half an hour
24:13they may be called
24:15to play a ball game
24:15of a more serious nature.
24:18Frederick Fairfax,
24:205th Ohio Infantry.
24:21Soldiers in both armies
24:31played ball
24:32whenever and wherever
24:33they could.
24:34Just like boys,
24:36one of them remembered.
24:37If there was any
25:01transforming incident
25:03in the history
25:03of baseball
25:04as in the history
25:05of this country
25:05it was a civil war.
25:08Play in the 1840s
25:09and 50s
25:10was not for the middle class.
25:12It was not for
25:12the working class.
25:13It was reserved
25:14for so-called gentlemen.
25:16Play became democratic
25:18when it became portable.
25:20It became a people's game.
25:35A long winter's idleness
25:43and lack of practice
25:44were evident.
25:46With the war being over
25:47it is hoped
25:48that there will be
25:49a renewal of interest
25:50in our own
25:51purely national game.
25:53Buffalo Express.
25:57By the end of the Civil War
25:59baseball was
26:01the national pastime.
26:02North and south.
26:04West as well as east.
26:08Soldiers took the game
26:10home with them
26:10and it grew.
26:12It's our game.
26:20That's the chief fact
26:21in connection with it.
26:23America's game
26:24has the snap,
26:26go,
26:26fling
26:27of the American
26:28atmosphere.
26:29It belongs as much
26:31to our institutions,
26:33fits into them
26:34as significantly
26:35as our Constitution's laws
26:37is just as important
26:39in the sum total
26:41of our historic life.
26:44Walt Whitman.
26:45In October 1867,
27:11as federal troops
27:12enforced civil rights laws
27:13in the south,
27:15the African-American
27:16Pythian Baseball Club
27:18of Philadelphia
27:19applied for membership
27:20in the Pennsylvania
27:21Association of Baseball Players.
27:25They were turned away.
27:28Two months later,
27:29the National Association
27:31took up the issue.
27:32If colored clubs
27:34were admitted,
27:35there would in all
27:35probability be
27:36some division
27:37of feeling.
27:39Whereas by excluding them,
27:42no injury
27:42could result to anyone.
27:46Despite the ban,
27:48the Pythians became
27:49the first recorded
27:50all-black team
27:52to play a white team,
27:54the Philadelphia City Items,
27:55a group of newspaper men.
27:59The Pythians won
28:0027 to 17.
28:05Their captain,
28:07Octavius Cato,
28:08was later killed
28:09in a Philadelphia race riot
28:11that started
28:12when blacks attempted
28:13to exercise
28:14their right to vote.
28:16The public,
28:19so far as it knew
28:20of our playing,
28:21was shocked.
28:23But in our retired grounds,
28:25we continued to play
28:26in spite of
28:27a censorious public.
28:31In 1866,
28:33at Vassar College,
28:35a group of freshmen
28:36with the support
28:37of a female physician
28:38who thought exercise
28:39for women
28:40essential to good health,
28:42formed the Laurel
28:43and Abenakis Baseball Club.
28:46Other colleges
28:48soon followed suit.
28:51They are getting up
28:52various clubs now
28:53for out-of-door exercise.
28:55They have a floral society,
28:57boat clubs,
28:59and baseball clubs.
29:01I belong to one of the latter
29:03and enjoy it highly,
29:05I can assure you.
29:07Annie Glidden.
29:09They did not play for long.
29:13One day a student,
29:14while running between bases,
29:16fell with an injured leg.
29:18We attended her
29:19to the infirmary
29:20with the foreboding
29:21that this accident
29:22would end our play
29:23of baseball.
29:25Dr. Webster said
29:27that the public doubtless
29:28would condemn
29:29the game as too violent.
29:31But that if the student
29:32had hurt herself
29:33while dancing,
29:34the public would not
29:35condemn dancing
29:36to extinction.
29:37Sofia Richardson.
29:39Sofia Richardson.
29:43The teams were soon
29:44forced to disband.
29:46The game was considered
29:48far too violent
29:49for young ladies to play.
29:55Americans have always had
29:57a wonderful aversion
29:58to excesses of honesty.
30:00And baseball has always
30:02been able to express that.
30:04The sense in baseball
30:05is that the reason
30:06they put those four umpires
30:08out there
30:08is to enforce the rules.
30:10But if you can get
30:11outside the rules
30:12and outside the umpires,
30:14it is a very reasonable
30:15question to ask
30:16whether you might not
30:17be allowed to do it.
30:20One afternoon
30:21on the Brooklyn waterfront,
30:23a boy named
30:24William Cummings,
30:25known to his friends
30:26as Candy,
30:27noticed that he could
30:28make a clamshell curve
30:30when he hurled it
30:31through the air
30:32and began to wonder
30:34if he might be able
30:35to do the same thing
30:36one day
30:37with a baseball.
30:41In April 1867,
30:44now pitching
30:44for the Brooklyn Excelsiors,
30:46Candy Cummings
30:47tried out his new pitch.
30:50I began to watch
30:51the flight of the ball
30:52through the air
30:53and distinctly
30:55saw it curve.
30:56A surge of joy
30:59flooded over me
31:00that I shall never forget.
31:03I said not a word,
31:05saw many a batter
31:06at that game
31:06throw down his stick
31:07in disgust.
31:09Every time
31:10I was successful,
31:11I could scarcely
31:12keep from dancing
31:13for pure joy.
31:15The secret was mine,
31:17Candy Cummings.
31:20Cummings's secret
31:20did not remain his
31:22for long.
31:23Though it was outlawed,
31:25everyone started
31:26throwing the curveball.
31:29Purists were appalled.
31:31I heard that this year
31:33we at Harvard
31:33won the baseball championship
31:35because we have a pitcher
31:36who has a fine curveball.
31:39I am further instructed
31:40that the purpose
31:41of the curveball
31:42is to deliberately
31:43deceive the batter.
31:46Harvard is not
31:47in the business
31:48of teaching deception.
31:50Charles Elliott,
31:51president of Harvard
31:52College.
32:00The public will happily
32:02pay 75 cents
32:03to $1.50
32:04to go to the theater.
32:06And numbers prefer baseball
32:07to theatricals.
32:08We must make the games
32:10worth witnessing
32:11and there will be
32:12no fault found
32:13with the price.
32:15A good game
32:16is worth 50 cents.
32:18A poor one
32:18is dear at 25.
32:21Harry Wright.
32:22Harry Wright
32:27eats baseball,
32:29breathes baseball,
32:30thinks baseball,
32:31dreams baseball,
32:33and incorporates
32:34baseball in his prayers.
32:37Cincinnati Enquirer.
32:39Harry Wright,
32:41a former center fielder
32:42for the Knickerbocker
32:43Baseball Club,
32:45believed there were
32:45big profits
32:46to be made
32:47in baseball.
32:48And in 1869,
32:51he assembled
32:52the very first
32:53professional team,
32:54the Cincinnati
32:55Red Stockings.
32:57Only one of Wright's
32:59Red Stockings
33:00actually came
33:01from Cincinnati.
33:02Most were young
33:03New Yorkers,
33:0419 or 20 years old.
33:07Wright drilled them
33:07in the fundamentals,
33:09insisted they be
33:10silent and businesslike
33:12on the field,
33:13and dressed them
33:14in knickers
33:15to boost
33:16their running speed.
33:18And for the first time,
33:23to the shock
33:23of the baseball community,
33:25he paid each player
33:27a salary.
33:29The highest paid
33:30was Harry's brother,
33:31George,
33:32the shortstop,
33:33who received
33:33a considerable sum
33:35of $1,400 a season,
33:37seven times
33:38the average
33:39working man's wage.
33:40The Red Stockings
33:50finished their first season
33:52with a record
33:52of 65 wins
33:54and not a single loss.
33:56They also managed
33:57to turn a profit
33:58for their investors,
34:00$1.39.
34:01The city that had once
34:06prided itself
34:07on the stockyards
34:08which inspired
34:09its nickname,
34:10Porkopolis,
34:11had become
34:12the baseball capital
34:13of the country.
34:15And the Red Stockings
34:16spread the gospel
34:17from New York
34:18to San Francisco,
34:19traveling on the just-completed
34:21transcontinental railroad.
34:22Every magnate
34:25in the country
34:26is indebted to this man,
34:27Harry Wright,
34:28for the establishment
34:29of baseball as a business
34:31and every patron
34:33for furnishing him
34:34with a systematic recreation.
34:36Every player
34:37is indebted to him
34:38for inaugurating
34:39an occupation
34:40by which he gains
34:41a livelihood
34:41and the country at large
34:44for adding one more industry
34:45to furnish employment,
34:47sporting life.
34:49The Red Stockings
34:50seemed unbeatable.
34:51They won 27 straight
34:53the next season, too.
34:57And then,
34:57they came to the
34:58Capital Line grounds
34:59in Brooklyn
35:00to face the Atlantics,
35:02the best team
35:03in the East
35:04and the toughest.
35:07Before 20,000
35:09paying spectators,
35:10Cincinnati and Brooklyn
35:11fought to a 5-5 tie
35:13over nine innings.
35:15It was the most exciting game
35:17anyone could ever remember.
35:20Under the rules,
35:21Harry Wright
35:22could have settled
35:22for a tie,
35:24but he decided
35:24to risk his record
35:26and try something new,
35:28extra innings.
35:30At first,
35:31the gamble seemed
35:31to pay off.
35:34Cincinnati scored
35:35two runs
35:35in the top of the 11th.
35:36But then,
35:39with two Atlantics
35:40on base,
35:41the Cincinnati
35:42first baseman,
35:43Charles Gould,
35:44made a bad throw.
35:48By the time
35:49it was all over,
35:50Brooklyn scored
35:51three runs
35:52and Cincinnati
35:53had been beaten.
35:54June 14th,
36:00telegram to the Cincinnati
36:02commercial.
36:04Atlantics 8,
36:06Cincinnati 7,
36:07the finest game
36:08ever played.
36:10Our boys did nobly,
36:12but fortune was against us,
36:14though beaten,
36:15not disgraced.
36:17Harry Wright.
36:18Cincinnati was devastated.
36:23With their winning streak over,
36:25fans stopped going
36:26to Red Stockings games.
36:29Investors withdrew
36:31their support,
36:32complaining that
36:33with attendance down,
36:34the players' salary demands
36:36were unreasonable.
36:37Finally,
36:41the team was disbanded.
36:49Harry Wright moved on.
36:53At the invitation
36:54of a band
36:55of New England promoters,
36:56he took the best
36:57of his Red Stockings
36:58to Boston,
37:00where they became
37:01the most successful team
37:02in the country.
37:05By moving his stars
37:07from city to city,
37:08the Sporting Times
37:08later said,
37:10Wright had set new prices
37:11on their muscle.
37:15Baseball is business now,
37:17and I am trying
37:18to arrange our games
37:19to make them successful
37:21and make them pay.
37:24Irrespective of my feelings
37:25and to the best
37:26of my ability,
37:28if I should fail,
37:30then I will try
37:31and do better next time.
37:33Harry Wright.
37:34For the professional teams
37:37and leagues
37:38that now sprung up
37:39all across the country,
37:41winning and the profits
37:42it promised
37:43was fast becoming
37:45the most important thing.
37:48But outside the big cities,
37:50baseball remained a game,
37:52not a business.
37:55When we heard
37:56of a professional game
37:58in which men cared nothing
38:00whatever for patriotism,
38:01but only for money,
38:03games in which rival towns
38:05would hire the best players
38:06from a natural enemy,
38:08we could scarcely believe
38:10the tale was true.
38:12No kinsman boy
38:13would any more give aid
38:14and comfort to a rival town
38:16than would a loyal soldier
38:18open a gate in the wall
38:20and let an enemy march in.
38:23Clarence Darrow,
38:24Kinsman, Ohio.
38:33The aim of baseball
38:35is to employ
38:36professional players
38:38to perspire in public
38:40for the benefit
38:41of gamblers.
38:43The New York Times.
38:45By the mid-1870s,
38:52a man could make
38:53a good living
38:53playing baseball,
38:55but some found
38:56they could make
38:57an even better living
38:58throwing games
38:59for gamblers.
39:02Speculators trading
39:03on inside information
39:04had taken over
39:05much of the professional game,
39:08just as they had taken over
39:09many other institutions.
39:12Cornering the gold market,
39:14ruining the stock market,
39:15defrauding the government,
39:17creating huge monopolies.
39:20As the country approached
39:22its centennial celebration,
39:25public faith
39:26in its national pastime
39:27began to fade.
39:31Henry Chadwick,
39:32who had struggled so hard
39:34to promote baseball,
39:35now found himself
39:37crusading against corruption
39:38in the game he loved.
39:42Baseball has fallen.
39:43Yes, the national game
39:47has become degraded.
39:49At certain match games,
39:50large amounts of money
39:51changed hands
39:52among the spectators.
39:55A noted New York club
39:56is said to have sold
39:57the results of a match.
40:00Barked chins
40:01and broken fingers
40:02may be easily mended,
40:03but a disfigured reputation
40:05may never be entirely repaired.
40:06Once more,
40:09abandon the bat, boys,
40:10if you cannot keep
40:11the game pure.
40:15On February 2nd, 1876,
40:19at Manhattan's
40:20Grand Central Hotel,
40:22a group of club owners,
40:24eager to tighten
40:25their control of the game,
40:27restore its respectability,
40:28and most of all
40:30to ensure greater profits,
40:32started a new association.
40:35They called it
40:36the National League
40:37of Professional Baseball Clubs.
40:39It is ridiculous
40:44to pay ballplayers
40:45$2,000 a year,
40:47especially when
40:48the $800 boys
40:50often do just as well.
40:52William Hulbert.
40:54William A. Hulbert,
40:56a ruthless coal magnate
40:57who owned
40:58the Chicago White Stockings,
40:59became the National League's
41:01president.
41:02He immediately took steps
41:04to revive the reputation
41:05of the professional game.
41:07Players were forbidden
41:09to drink
41:10on the field
41:10or off.
41:12No beer
41:13was to be served
41:14on the grounds.
41:15Gambling was barred.
41:17Ticket prices
41:18were set at 50 cents
41:19and no games
41:21were to be played
41:21on Sundays.
41:23Above all,
41:24power was to be invested
41:26in the owners,
41:27not the players.
41:28To further solidify
41:37their control,
41:38the owners added
41:39a reserve clause
41:40to the contracts
41:42of the five best men
41:43on every team.
41:45It required
41:46that each play
41:47only for his current employer
41:49and reserved
41:51his services
41:51for the following year.
41:54At first,
41:55few complained.
41:56To be reserved
41:57was to be sure
41:58of a job
41:59for the coming season.
42:01Those who did
42:02complain
42:02that the reserve clause
42:04smacked of slavery
42:05were fired,
42:07then blacklisted.
42:17For the first time
42:19in the history
42:20of the game,
42:21the players
42:22would serve
42:22the interests
42:23of the owners.
42:26For the next 100 years,
42:28the professional game
42:29would be dominated
42:30by those who owned
42:31the field
42:31and supplied the ball.
42:35Players
42:35would simply be employees.
42:37It is not known
42:53whether the players
42:54have been dissipating,
42:55keeping late hours,
42:56and having a jolly time
42:58generally.
42:59But tight or sober,
43:01they should realize
43:02the fact
43:03that they've run afoul
43:04is one of the most
43:05humiliating set
43:06of reverses.
43:08The Louisville Courier
43:09Journey.
43:12After a spectacular
43:13early season
43:14in 1877,
43:16the Louisville Grays
43:18of the new
43:18National League
43:19mysteriously lost
43:21seven games
43:22in a row.
43:23Players bobbled
43:24the ball,
43:25seemed to slow
43:26between bases,
43:27swung suspiciously wide.
43:30The Grays
43:31lost the pennant.
43:33Afterwards,
43:34some were seen
43:35wearing fancy clothes
43:37and diamond stick pants.
43:41An investigation
43:41revealed that gamblers
43:43had bought off
43:44four players,
43:45including one of
43:46the National League's
43:47greatest pitchers,
43:48the popular
43:49Jim Devlin.
43:51When confronted
43:52with the evidence,
43:54Devlin confessed.
43:56I was introduced
43:57to a man named
43:57McLeod,
43:58who said,
43:59when I wanted to make
44:00a little money
44:00to let him know.
44:03It was to use
44:03the word sash
44:04in telegraphing,
44:05and he would know
44:06what was meant.
44:08We made a contract
44:09to throw a game
44:10in Indianapolis.
44:11Received $100
44:12from McLeod for it.
44:14Gave it to my wife.
44:17The magnitude
44:18of the conspiracy
44:19stunned
44:19the baseball world.
44:22The Louisville Grays
44:23suspended
44:23the accused players,
44:25who claimed
44:26they had only done it
44:27because their owners
44:28had failed
44:28to pay them
44:29their wages.
44:32Devlin was brought
44:33before National League
44:34President William Hulbert.
44:37Devlin was in tears.
44:39Hulbert was in tears.
44:42I saw Hulbert
44:43take a $50 bill
44:45and press it
44:46into the palm
44:47of the prostrate player.
44:49And then I heard him say,
44:52that's what I think
44:53of you personally.
44:55But damn you,
44:56Devlin,
44:57you are dishonest.
44:58You have sold a game
45:00and I can't trust you.
45:03Now go
45:04and let me never
45:05see your face again.
45:07For your act
45:07will not be condoned
45:09so long as I live.
45:11Albert
45:12Goodwill
45:12Spalding
45:13despite their pleas
45:16for forgiveness,
45:17Hulbert banned
45:18all four players
45:19from baseball
45:20forever.
45:23For five years,
45:25Jim Devlin
45:25haunted the corridors
45:26outside meetings
45:27of the National League
45:28club owners
45:29hoping somehow
45:30to be reinstated.
45:34Desperate,
45:35he wrote to Harry Wright,
45:37still the most respected
45:38man in the game.
45:40Mr. Harry Wright,
45:43dear sir,
45:45as I am deprived
45:46from playing this year,
45:48I thought I would write you
45:49to see if you could do
45:50anything for me
45:51in the way of looking
45:51after your ground
45:52or anything in the way
45:53of work.
45:55I don't know
45:56what I'm to do.
45:57I can assure you,
45:58Harry,
45:59that I was not
45:59treated right.
46:01I am honest,
46:02Harry,
46:02you need not be afraid.
46:05The Louisville people
46:06made me what I am today,
46:07a beggar.
46:09I have not got
46:10a stitch of clothing
46:11or has my wife
46:12and child.
46:14I am dumb,
46:15Harry.
46:16I don't know
46:17how to go about it,
46:18so I trust you
46:19will answer this
46:19and do all you can
46:21for me.
46:23So I still close
46:24by sending you
46:25and George
46:25and all the boys
46:26my very best wishes,
46:28hoping to hear
46:29from you soon.
46:30I am yours truly,
46:32James A. Devlin.
46:34Harry Wright
46:37did nothing.
46:42Devlin got a job
46:44as a policeman
46:44in 1880
46:45but died of consumption
46:47just three years later.
46:50His early death,
46:51said a Louisville newspaper,
46:53was an instructive example
46:55of the fruits
46:56of crookedness.
46:59The National League
47:01had survived
47:02its first scandal.
47:04If anywhere in this world
47:11the social barriers
47:12are broken down,
47:13it is on the ball field.
47:16There,
47:17many men of low birth
47:18and poor breeding
47:19are the idols
47:20of the rich
47:21in culture.
47:23The best man
47:24is he who plays best.
47:26In view of these facts,
47:30the objection to colored men
47:31is ridiculous.
47:34If social distinctions
47:35are to be made,
47:37half the players
47:37in the country
47:38will be shut up.
47:41Better make character
47:42and personal habits
47:44the test.
47:46New York Cole
47:47African Americans
47:51freed from slavery
47:52by the Civil War
47:54and filled with hope
47:55for a better future
47:56and freedom
47:57soon found themselves
47:58prisoners again
48:00of white prejudice
48:01in the north
48:02and of Jim Crow laws
48:04in the south
48:04that segregated
48:06every aspect
48:07of their lives.
48:08even games
48:11of baseball
48:12at an orphanage.
48:16But freed blacks
48:18formed their own
48:19baseball clubs
48:20in cities
48:20north and south.
48:22One of Frederick
48:23Douglas' sons
48:24played for a team
48:25in Washington, D.C.
48:26and more than
48:2950 blacks
48:30played professional
48:31baseball
48:32alongside whites
48:33during the 1870s
48:36and 80s.
48:38But it was never easy.
48:43In 1884,
48:45the son of a black
48:46Ohio clergyman,
48:47Moses Fleetwood Walker,
48:49became the first
48:50African American
48:52to make it all the way
48:53to the majors.
48:55Walker joined
48:56the Toledo
48:57blue stockings
48:58of the American
48:58Association
48:59as a catcher
49:00and immediately
49:01ran into a wall
49:02of bigotry.
49:05The Irish pitcher,
49:06Tony Mullane,
49:07ignored Walker's
49:08signals because
49:09he said he wouldn't
49:10take orders
49:11from a black man.
49:14Cap Anson himself
49:15tried to have Walker
49:16ejected from an
49:17exhibition game,
49:19threatening not to
49:20play if they didn't
49:20get that nigger
49:21off the field.
49:23Anson only backed
49:24down when he realized
49:25he'd forfeit his
49:26pay if he really
49:28did walk out.
49:31At one game,
49:32the Toledo manager
49:32received a letter
49:33said to be from
49:3575 determined men
49:36who threatened
49:37to mob Fleet Walker
49:39if he dared
49:40make an appearance.
49:42Walker kept playing.
49:45His brother,
49:46Welday,
49:47joined the team
49:47for a time.
49:481887 signaled
49:54the beginning
49:55of the end
49:55for black Americans
49:57in organized
49:58white baseball.
50:01When it seemed
50:02likely that the New York
50:03Giants would hire
50:04the black pitcher,
50:05George Stovey,
50:07Cap Anson made it
50:09clear that neither he
50:10nor any of his
50:11white stockings
50:12would ever play a team
50:14on which blacks
50:15were welcome.
50:17Just why Adrian C.
50:19Anson was so strongly
50:21opposed to colored
50:22players on white teams
50:23cannot be explained.
50:26His repugnant feeling
50:28toward colored
50:29ball players
50:29and his opposition
50:31with his great power
50:33and popularity
50:34in baseball circles
50:35hastened the exclusion
50:37of the black man
50:38from the white leagues.
50:41Sal White.
50:43Rather than face
50:44a revolt by Anson
50:45and other white players,
50:47the National League
50:48owners made
50:49a gentleman's agreement
50:50to sign
50:51No More Blacks.
50:54The minor leagues
50:55followed suit,
50:56formally declaring
50:57that black players
50:58would no longer
50:59be welcome.
51:01Almost overnight,
51:03Moses Fleetwood Walker
51:04and all the other
51:06black players
51:06disappeared from
51:08organized white baseball.
51:13A few years later,
51:14the United States
51:15Supreme Court itself
51:17would rule
51:17that racial segregation
51:19was legal everywhere.
51:22It would be 60 years
51:24before another black man
51:26played in the major leagues.
51:29If I had not been
51:31quite so black,
51:32I might have caught on
51:33as a Spaniard
51:34or something of that kind.
51:35My skin is against me,
51:39but foul.
51:47By 1900,
51:49Walt Whitman
51:50and Alexander Joy Cartwright
51:52and Harry Wright
51:53had died.
51:54baseball had grown
52:00from a children's game
52:01to a brawling pastime
52:03for big city workers
52:04to an industry.
52:09And the names and deeds
52:11of its greatest heroes
52:12had become familiar
52:14in every American home.
52:15But now,
52:23jealousy and greed
52:24among the owners
52:25who held a monopoly
52:26on Major League Baseball
52:28threatened to destroy
52:30all that they had built.
52:34The public was turning
52:35to other sports
52:36where the amateur spirit
52:38had not been lost.
52:40It would take a new generation
52:44of baseball players,
52:46stars who would come
52:47to represent
52:47the best and the worst
52:49of the new 20th century
52:51to rescue
52:52the national pastime.
52:58By 1900,
53:00Ty Cobb
53:01and Casey Stengel
53:03and George Herman Ruth
53:05had been born.
53:06Yeah!
53:33two months
53:34and George when
53:36was born.
53:38Oha!
53:41Oooh!
53:41Ooh!
53:43Ooh!
53:44Ooh!
53:48Ooh!
53:50Ooh!
53:51Ooh!
53:52Ooh!
53:54Ooh!
53:56Ooh!
53:58Ooh!
53:59Uh!
54:01Ooh!
54:03Gracias por ver el video
54:33Gracias por ver el video
55:03Gracias por ver el video
55:33Gracias por ver el video
56:03Gracias por ver el video
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