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00:00:17The symbol of the Hapkido, the emblem on the cover, which is a symbol of the World Hapkido
00:00:23Federation, is well remembered and has been proudly worn by Hapkido practitioners since
00:00:29the beginning of the modern Hapkido period. From August 1967 until recently, the eagle
00:00:36has been used as a symbol of Hapkido. The members of the World Hapkido Federation, however,
00:00:42have now adopted the traditional and original Hapkido emblem as the official symbol of Hapkido.
00:00:48This symbol, although modernized and wide in design, still embodies the theory,
00:00:53true principles and philosophy of Hapkido based on ancient and traditional Oriental teachings.
00:00:59The outer circle signifies the universe in its general sense and man in its specific sense.
00:01:06The circle has been adopted from the Oriental philosophy that a large circle represents a globe
00:01:11and a small circle represents a man or mind. The globe represents the constant growth and development
00:01:18of Hapkido and the World Hapkido Federation. The arrowhead shape symbols, which cannot be found in
00:01:24any other martial art emblem, face diagonally from opposite sides to signify the hand position
00:01:30and technique frequently applied in Hapkido. This shape is derived from the hand position fingers
00:01:36are extended, forming a V-design. Philosophically, these two arrowhead shapes symbolizes the opposing
00:01:44principles of the positives and negatives for yin and yang. Under the philosophy of Hapkido,
00:01:49there is no opponent who cannot be overcome by the technique of Hapkido. Regardless of size or
00:01:55strength, when utilizing these principles, these arrowhead symbols can also be interpreted as key
00:02:00or as the offense and defense in Hapkido. Thus, the emblem radiates all the meanings and traditions of
00:02:07Hapkido. For this, principles and truths. We hope this will be a welcome representative
00:02:13symbol of the spirit of Hapkido.
00:02:23Historical background and contemporary development. One should understand that martial art techniques
00:02:29are not invented or created by a certain individual. It has been developed rather as a part of the
00:02:34history of a nation. Just as wrestling, boxing, and fencing are the unique sports of competition
00:02:40in the Western world. Taekwondo, yudo, kondo, along with Hapkido have been developed through a long history of
00:02:48Oriental countries. Hapkido was introduced to Korea along with Buddhism. Hapkido techniques were originally
00:02:55known and handed down through the hierarchies of monks, ruling families, and royal officials as a means of
00:03:01self-protection and personal safety. Therefore, it wasn't known among the common classes. Often,
00:03:09the origin of Hapkido is misunderstood and thought to be a form of Chinese or Japanese martial art.
00:03:15The more completely recorded history of Hapkido dates back as early as Samguk Sida, the era of three
00:03:22kingdoms, 3 AD. Buddhism arrived in China from India at the Wuhan Mar, late Han period, 67 BC,
00:03:32and was introduced to Korea in 372 AD. Buddhism and Hapkido together became popular throughout the
00:03:40country among the upper class and royal court. The evidence of this fact can be found in various wall
00:03:46paintings. Example, 삼시 청무인 picture and 공성 picture in the 각주 청, a picture of the fighting
00:03:55form of two Hapkido's during Goguryeo. One of the three kingdoms, Silla, formed a special youth group
00:04:03called Hwarangdo. The purpose of Hwarangdo was to train the future national leaders by means of strengthening,
00:04:10training, training, combining mental disciplines, martial arts, and traditional scholarship for their
00:04:17physical fitness and mental discipline. Hapkido techniques were taught. Historical evidence of
00:04:23this can be found in stone wall scripture, 금강 역사상 in 석구람, cave, and carving of the
00:04:30sumunjang image on the pagoda of a Hwangyongsa temple. These are located in the old Gyeongju city,
00:04:37the old capital of Silla dynasty. Baekje, the last of the three kingdoms, also trained all the people
00:04:45with Hapkido for physical fitness. The three kingdoms united and became Koryo dynasty. During this period,
00:04:52throughout the ruling generations of many kings, including King Yejong and King Junghae, the Hapkido
00:05:00experts were brought into the palace and performed demonstrations of the martial arts. This was the
00:05:06beginning of Hapkido as a royal martial art. In the subsequent Lee dynasty, the King Jungjo ordered
00:05:13Dukmu Lee to write a book of martial art techniques. This book, Mu Ye Do Bo Dong Ji, contained detailed
00:05:22description of empty-handed techniques and use of weapons, dagger, sword, club, pole, spear, rope, stone, etc.,
00:05:32for attack and defense purpose. In the history of Hapkido, a monk grandmaster Susan taught Hapkido to the
00:05:40monks and fought against Japanese Imjin-Weran invasion. This was a prime example of Hapkido applied on the
00:05:48grand scale. Hapkido flourished through several dynasties from the period of Three Kingdom,
00:05:54Samguk Sidae, up to Lee dynasty. At that time, it lost its popularity. The major reason for that is
00:06:03attributed to the collapse of Buddhism and its subsequent replacement by Confucianism. Confucianism,
00:06:10which respects scholarly discipline and looks down upon physical force or martial art, influenced even the
00:06:18national policies. Because of this change in philosophy, Hapkido disappeared among the general
00:06:23population and barely maintained its continuance among the individual masters, monks, and royal
00:06:31families, and here only as a secret self-defense. Today, Hapkido has been brought to life by father of
00:06:37Hapkido, Jungseul Choi, who had studied in a deep mountain since the age of nine. By the time he came
00:06:45back to the
00:06:45world, Korea had been liberated from Japanese colonial rule. Choi had taught all the techniques to a few
00:06:52outstanding disciples. In turn, these disciples were in the process of popularizing Hapkido techniques
00:06:59during the Korean conflict in 1950. After this, Hapkido started spreading. Within a few years, Hapkido
00:07:09had been popularized internationally with a temple unseen in its history. This was accomplished by means
00:07:17of demonstrations by top masters in various countries throughout the world. Today, one cannot find a
00:07:24single city in Korea without Hapkido schools. All the government organizations, all military academies,
00:07:31especially military units, have Hapkido practitioners totaling one million already. Among foreign countries,
00:07:37such as USA, West Germany, Canada, Spain, Argentina, Mexico, Brazil, China, and France, there is a solid
00:07:48foundation of Hapkido schools. This rapid spread and popularization is attributed to the conceding
00:07:55efforts of the master instructors and the superior and unique nature of Hapkido itself.
00:08:07Unique characteristics of Hapkido. As in any martial art, Hapkido has its own distinguished
00:08:14characteristics. The Hapkido structure has more than 270 major techniques with the possibility of more
00:08:22than 10,000 variables. The additional 3,864 attack and defense techniques to the multitude of counter
00:08:30attack and combinations make for endless flexibility. It is this unique advantage of Hapkido that makes it
00:08:37its origin of all martial arts of the Orient. Some may wonder how one can master 10,000 techniques.
00:08:44It is not so difficult as it may appear. Once the fundamental techniques have been mastered,
00:08:50it is quite easy to learn and perform the many variations. The fundamental techniques of Hapkido
00:08:56are classified as follows. 1. Empty hands against empty hands. 2. Empty hands against weapons. 3.
00:09:05Weapon against weapons. Each category is divided into offensive and defensive techniques and each of
00:09:11these have joint locking and striking techniques. Within a joint locking technique, twisting, throwing,
00:09:19paralyzing and strangling techniques are included. Within the striking techniques, kicking, punching,
00:09:25hitting, cutting and stabbing techniques are included. The techniques with weapons include dagger holding,
00:09:32throwing, throwing, sword and long knife, plug, cane, pole, spear, rope, stone throwing and stone holding techniques.
00:09:42In using various weapons for either offense or defense, there are various positions techniques. In standing,
00:09:50sitting and then lying down. Hapkido is especially powerful because when attacked, you attack the weakest part of the opponent's
00:09:58body with a stronger
00:09:59means. Namely, attacking the arteries, veins, nerves, organs and weak areas, thereby altering the opponent to your
00:10:08advantage. At the moment of attack, through a special breathing technique called Danjeon Hohu, total concentration
00:10:15of your body to a certain point produces superhuman power when striking the target. This combined with proper timing
00:10:22can be fatal to your adversary. Besides fundamental techniques, attacking weak points and power concentration
00:10:30through Danjeon, one outstanding feature of Hapkido is the usage of the opponent's power to your
00:10:36advantage. Altering their power to enhance your ability by means of leading their attack in a circular pattern
00:10:44and uniting your powers can neutralize the opponent's attack and gain swift control over him. For example,
00:10:52when the opponent attacks directly from the front using their fist, knife or foot, it is harder to defend if
00:10:59you
00:11:00remain perpendicular to the attack. But by leading the attack in a circle, the opponent's strength will be
00:11:07diminished and can be used with very little power. This principle is the same as trying to stop a raid
00:11:14directly. First, lead the raid or stream to the side and when it loses its impetus, it is easy to
00:11:22stop.
00:11:23The superiority of Hapkido does not only depend upon effective defense, but also in the use of superior
00:11:29offense characteristics. When you're attacking a small portion of the body of your opponent,
00:11:36you use large portion of your body. Conversely, take a big portion of the body with a small portion,
00:11:43so as not to miss a also or greater force. For example, it is hard to hit a needle point
00:11:49with a
00:11:50needle oint and easy to miss a nail head with a small hammer. Remember striking, kicking and punching
00:11:58techniques are used with full concentration force when the opponent is physically close. On the other
00:12:05hand, when the opponent is at the distance, these techniques are applied without great force.
00:12:12In the use of superior offensive characteristics, compare the strike of willow branch to the strike of
00:12:18oak rod. The willow branch is soft, subtle except at the distance of touch. The oak rod is hard and
00:12:25brittle and could break. The willow branch method produces more speed, more power, and consequently more
00:12:33damage. This principle is easily observed in the application of punching. Until the target is approached,
00:12:41your hand carries little strength. Using breath-controlled magnification,
00:12:47concentration and timing at the moment of contact, you maximize the impact. In the case of the joint
00:12:53twisting, until you're attacked, keep a flexible body before the lock or drill. In that way, you may move
00:13:01faster. In other words, if you use pressure prematurely, you will lose the speed and power available for the
00:13:09impetus of continuous attack and dynamic defense. Thus, with a minimum amount of strength, a Hapkido
00:13:15practitioner can produce maximum damage to the opponent. Careless practice of the techniques,
00:13:22especially joint twisting and speed combination, may lead to limb dislocation or striking, may injure,
00:13:29maim or kill the opponent. Thus, Hapkido students must start early mental training, especially the beginner,
00:13:37must understand the order of techniques and keep the sparring partner aware so that injury is
00:13:43prevented. Hapkido has begun with consideration for well-being and finalized with the same consideration.
00:13:52Since Hapkido activity may be dangerous, the practitioner must concentrate at all
00:13:58times during the mental and physical training. Mental and physical benefits of Hapkido. The healthy
00:14:13mind with healthy body is necessary for a healthy life. If there isn't no good health or good mental
00:14:20attitude, the glory of power is meaningless. One philosopher said Hapkido training does not just
00:14:26stop at training with physical techniques, but it develops and enhances physical and mental culture.
00:14:34Hapkido helps develop the corporal body through physically and mentally. The balance, furthermore,
00:14:40provides more stability in family life and society through tanjun breath. Control, the heart and lungs
00:14:49are being developed and inner strength is more readily available to you. Safe joint twisting techniques
00:14:56stimulates the nerves and the overall metabolism to balance blood pressure and organs. The coverage
00:15:05extends from head to toes and includes better skin tones, exercising thusly delay the inflexibility of all
00:15:14age. Mental discipline is also taken as an important part of Hapkido training. Stress is put on the fact that
00:15:21Hapkido is not a weapon to be used unjustly. The peak of mental discipline and culture is called sun,
00:15:29serenity in a clear and peaceful state of mind. Sun can be obtained from 정, the tranquil of mind. In
00:15:38Hapkido,
00:15:39through physical movement, through physical movement, one could obtain 정. Thus, one can obtain sun through
00:15:48dong. In other words, one could maintain a calm and concentrated mental state, 정, even during the vigorous physical movement,
00:15:58dong, or Hapkido exercises. Finally, one can reach to a state of sun through chung, which is derived from dong.
00:16:10All these indicate Hapkido does not end as a martial art. It is a way of living and the oriental
00:16:15philosophy
00:16:16of life. Ultimately, the student Hapkido should aim at sun. When a person attains sun, he becomes a possessor of
00:16:23warm character, mature in personality, and thus, a constructive member in society. For this reason,
00:16:31there is no age restriction in Hapkido. From young children to senior citizens, all can participate.
00:16:39Up to the age of adolescence, Hapkido helps children in their physical development and growth.
00:16:45For older people, Hapkido relieves them of their mental stress
00:16:50and other psychological problems caused by fast-moving modern industrial and scientific
00:16:56social structures and lack of physical exercise. Just as Hapkido is proper for all ages, it is also
00:17:04for both sexes. Perhaps women can profit from it even more than men. In contemporary society,
00:17:12women are interested in martial arts not only because they feel the need of physical fitness,
00:17:17but also for beauty and as means of self-defense. Hapkido is a very fitting martial art to provide
00:17:25all these. Furthermore, Hapkido exercise does not require vigorous strength. Rather,
00:17:31in a natural and relaxed physical pose, one can attack and defend. Through the exercises, women can refine
00:17:40their figure and improve skin tone and the elasticity of their muscles. Thus, Hapkido exercise preserve youth
00:17:48and beauty. Preservation of youth, beauty, self-protection from unexpected attacks, all of these can be
00:17:55realized by the female practitioner of Hapkido. It can make her more confident and enhance her life.
00:18:08The history of the World Hapkido Federation. The World Hapkido Association had been established on
00:18:15December 20, 1973 by high-ranking Hapkido masters from various cities. Prior to the formation of the
00:18:23World Hapkido Federation, there was no organization or person to unify the Hapkido masters or schools in the United
00:18:31States or other countries. There were only a limited number of small association with few members.
00:18:38Shortly after the establishment of the World Hapkido Association, with widespread support and
00:18:43encouragement of the Hapkido community, the first general meeting was held in Detroit, Michigan,
00:18:49on June 23, 1974. That city became the headquarters of the association and the focal point for the Hapkido
00:18:58community. At the first general meeting, Grandmaster Kwangsik Myung was elected president. Grandmaster
00:19:06Kwangsik Myung, the president, had authored and published Korean Hapkido, a Hapkido instruction manual,
00:19:13which was the most significant project for the propagation of Hapkido. The creation of this book
00:19:19consumed two years of effort and the personal financial support of Grandmaster Myung. Grandmaster Myung
00:19:25also conducted annual Hapkido seminars promoting Hapkido through the presentation and demonstration
00:19:31of new Hapkido techniques, which were the product of research by various outstanding masters of Hapkido
00:19:37and its schools. Since the first meeting, biannual general assembly meetings have been held. In 1976 and
00:19:461978, the second and third biannual meetings were held, respectively, which nurtured closer ties and
00:19:53friendship between the Hapkido masters. On June 28, 1981, the fourth general meeting was held in
00:20:01Chicago, Illinois. Subsequently, the fifth and sixth biannual meetings were held as a schedule. At the
00:20:08sixth biannual meeting, held on September 29, 1985, the association has firmly established itself as a
00:20:16recognized representative of practitioners of Hapkido. On November 16, 1985, Hapkido association
00:20:25members rallied in San Diego, California and unanimously voted to change the name of the association
00:20:31to the World Hapkido Federation in an effort to unify all associations and other organizations
00:20:39practicing Hapkido. At this time, the official organization of unified Hapkido members worldwide
00:20:46was inaugurated as the World Hapkido Federation.
00:20:57About the author, Grandmaster Gwangsik Myung is a native Korean and 9th degree black belt in Hapkido.
00:21:09The author was very fond of martial arts from his childhood. He started martial arts when he was
00:21:17eight years old and became a first degree black belt in Hapkido at the age of 12. During his high
00:21:24school days, he was truly a pioneer in organizing classes for fellow students. In college, he majored in
00:21:31commerce at Sungjinkwan University in Seoul, Korea. During his younger years, he studied many styles of martial arts,
00:21:41including karate, yudo, gondo, charyok, deongsu-do, and taekwondo. He also learned acupuncture,
00:21:52oriental calligraphy, oriental calligraphy, and oriental India ink drawing. During his college days,
00:22:00he was also an active instructor of the Korea General Headquarters of Hapkido. Upon graduation from college,
00:22:08he was appointed as the director of Northern Branch Dojang Korea Hapkido Association.
00:22:14Endeavoring to attain the highest degree of perfection in his art, the author retreated to Mount
00:22:21Tebek for several years to live a monesthetic experience and practice his art. After the Mount
00:22:28Tebek experience, he traveled to Southeast Asia to spread knowledge of his beloved art. Upon returning from
00:22:35his journeys, he found the Korea Hapkido Yonmuhwan Association. The author first published a Hapkido
00:22:44history, the textbook of Hapkido in Korean, which observers and experts alike agreed was a turning point
00:22:52in the development of modern-day Hapkido in Korea. His considerable contribution was recognized when he was
00:23:00appointed a permanent director of the Korea Hapkido Association. The author found an institute for
00:23:06the furtherance of Hapkido as a highly visible martial art. The institute provided specialized training
00:23:14to the director of each Dojang, instructors, and advanced degree blockbill holders universally. To honor
00:23:21and recognize this truly exceptional individual, he was promoted to a senior instructor. At the request of
00:23:28government of the United States, the author was extended an invitation to visit the United States.
00:23:34He subsequently summoned all instructors worldwide to organize the World Hapkido Federation. The call to
00:23:41this directive was heard in Latin America, Asia, Europe, and North America. As a direct result of this
00:23:48coming together, the author was inaugurated as the president of this world organization, which at present
00:23:55lay claim to overseas chapter in more than 30 countries throughout the world. The author's second
00:24:01published Hapkido book, Korean Hapkido, Ancient Art of Masters, in English, contained beginner to black belt
00:24:09techniques in over 300 pages. The author has taught over 320 seminars for Hapkido knowledge, philosophy, and
00:24:18techniques, and techniques all over the world. He has traveled in South America for Hapkido seminars,
00:24:23and established Hapkido associations, and schools under the World Hapkido Federation banner.
00:24:30The author wrote the third Hapkido book, Hapkido weapons, volume one, knife defense techniques,
00:24:48and fifth book, Hapkido forms, Hapkihyeongse. Grandmaster Myung always works to develop Hapkido
00:24:57and the World Hapkido Federation as the best martial arts, and the best martial arts organization in the world.
00:25:06And the world.
00:25:10And the world.
00:25:11And the world.
00:25:33And the world.
00:31:10We're right back.
00:31:40We're right back.
00:31:46We're right back.
00:31:51This fundamental power is called Ki and Hakki-do.
00:31:56Ki also includes the meaning of unshakable courage and dynamic force.
00:32:01Ki can be categorized into Negi and Wegi.
00:32:21The toes are right back.
00:33:58We're right back.
00:34:59fighting stance.
00:37:38We're right back.
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