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Cameron and his chancellor George Osborne are convinced the way to win is by highlighting the economic cost of leaving the EU. But their first intervention falls flat, as Vote Leave sends their new messenger Boris Johnson around the country on a bus that claims Britain sends the EU £350 million a week.
Meanwhile, Nigel Farage is running a separate leave campaign focused on immigration. Despite refusing to confront immigration head on, Cameron chooses to share a platform with Nigel Farage.
Meanwhile, Nigel Farage is running a separate leave campaign focused on immigration. Despite refusing to confront immigration head on, Cameron chooses to share a platform with Nigel Farage.
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00:04President Obama has arrived in the UK for a three-day visit during which he'll make the case
00:08for the UK staying in the European Union. Leave campaigners have said he should butt out of the
00:13debate. We were in a very tough fight and a tough fight in which we felt the economy was the
00:22most
00:22important issue. Obama was very keen Britain should stay in the EU. He thought it made us
00:28stronger, safer, and better off, to coin a phrase. He said, you know, well, what can I do to help?
00:34You'd notice that a lot of the arguments for Brexit were just crazy. I mean, false. I mean,
00:39they were lies. I said, well, one argument they're making is that there's going to be this easy trade
00:43deal in the United States if we tear up our trade deals with Europe. And he says, well, that's
00:48obviously nonsense. Obama said, you know, you guys would be, you know, at the back of the queue,
00:54you know, kind of as a joke in a way. And everybody's kind of chuckled. He said, do you think
00:59it'd be helpful if I said that? And I said, yeah, I think it will be helpful because it's going
01:04to
01:04puncture this Brexit myth. Some of the folks on the other side have been ascribing to the United
01:14States. Certain actions we'll take if the UK does leave the EU. And we were all in the campaign
01:22gathered around the television set, you know, dozens of us all, you know, in silent anticipation.
01:29I figured you might want to hear from the president of the United States what I think the United
01:33States is going to do. And UK is going to be in the back of the queue. Huge cheer went
01:39up when Obama
01:40said this. And we thought, wow, we've done it. He's clinched it. He's made the argument in one
01:46fell swoop. I was in the back of a black cab and I was following on Twitter what was the
01:55reaction to
01:56Obama's comments. And then the cab driver pulled his window back and he was listening to the same
02:04story on the radio. Are you hearing this, Governor? Back in the queue. That's not very friendly, is it?
02:09I bet you won't be the back of the queue when they need another ally for the next bloody war.
02:13British people hate being told what to do by people who don't have any skin in the game.
02:20It was a reminder of how the Westminster bubble was just talking to itself.
02:30Ten years ago. Go on, mate.
02:33Both scenes was unimaginably distant and like yesterday.
02:36The vote to leave the European Union changed the course of British history.
02:42Ten years on, this is the story of how it happened, told by those inside the campaigns.
02:49Love that bus. I love that bus. It was a bus of truth, by the way.
02:52We had sort of entered the post-truth age of political campaigns.
02:57Johnson, you're a liar.
02:59From about two weeks before, I said, I think this thing's going to go down.
03:05Let's make June the 23rd, 2016, Independence Day. Let's do it.
03:27With just four months to go until the referendum, the British media had one obsession.
03:33Would Boris Johnson campaign to stay in or leave the EU?
03:39I was at our house in Colbert Row, and as the day went by, more and more press were gathering
03:50outside.
03:51So what starts as a sort of low hum becomes much, much louder.
03:59I arrived back at our house in Islington to find the whole place absolutely swarming with representatives of, you know,
04:10TV, journalists, everybody was there.
04:14I remember it being incredibly stressful, just not being able to control this press presence.
04:25I felt under huge pressure, emotional, psychological pressure, to come up with a decision.
04:33He walked over to me, stared me in the face, and he said, what do you think I should do?
04:38And I looked at him, and I said, what do you think, what do I think you should do?
04:43I said, you've got to be effing joking.
04:45I said, you know, I'm just the guy that smokes fags outside and does your briefing, right?
04:50The decision is yours to make, and no one else's.
04:54And there was a bit of harumphing, and he looked at me, and he just went, you're right, let's do
04:59it.
05:00In order to psych myself up for the ordeal of talking to the media, which I don't want to do,
05:06but they're all outside the house, and they won't go away.
05:12I do some press-ups in the hope of getting some, you know, endorphins or something so that I can
05:17kind of, you know.
05:18And we were heading to the door, and I said, hang on, have you let Dave know the decision?
05:22And he was like, oh, Christ, Cameron, let me text him, let me text him.
05:26Text Dave, a slightly emollient text, you know, trying to sort of cheer him up, saying that I'm sure, you
05:33know, I'm sure we'll lose anyway, but there you go.
05:35This is what I have to do.
05:40It was such a Boris phrase, saying, I know that Brexit will be crushed like the toad under the harrow,
05:46but I feel I have to support it.
05:49Hi there, hi there.
05:50The last thing I wanted was to go against David Cameron or the government.
05:57But after a great deal of heartache, I don't think there's anything else I can do.
06:01I will be advocating vote leave, or whatever the team is called.
06:06I thought it was a brave thing to do, and rather idealistic in a way.
06:12None of us knew what was going to happen, and it was a leap in the dark.
06:17Anyone would think he likes the attention, love him or loathe him.
06:21You can't ignore him.
06:22Boris Johnson has just taken a huge political jump that could change this campaign.
06:27Look, it was a big blow.
06:29He had the, you know, a high favourability rating.
06:32He was listened to on this issue.
06:34It was going to make a massive difference in the campaign.
06:39The next day, Cameron prepared to launch the referendum campaign in Parliament,
06:44knowing his most dangerous opponent was now on his own backbenches.
06:50I don't think, at that point, he really believed in it.
06:54He believed it was going to lose.
06:56But he thought he was on a sort of bet to nothing by supporting leave,
07:03because he would be, you know, a sort of patriotic hero.
07:07I remember thinking it was nothing to do with the EU, Britain's place in the world,
07:14the single market.
07:15It was Game of Thrones.
07:16That's what Boris Johnson was playing,
07:18and he could see the Iron Throne right there, about to be vacated.
07:21Order, statement, the Prime Minister.
07:25Thank you, Mr Speaker.
07:27We are a great country, and whatever choice we make, we will still be great.
07:32But I believe the choice is between being an even greater Britain
07:36inside a reformed EU, or a great leap into the unknown.
07:41So in the statement, there were some very, very clear barbs there,
07:44which were designed to put the idea about that Boris Johnson,
07:48maybe he's just positioning himself so that he can get the keys to number 10
07:52when it's all done.
07:53And Mr Speaker, let me end by saying this.
07:56I'm not standing for re-election.
07:59I have no other agenda.
08:02I have no other agenda than what is best for our country.
08:05It was clear that the attack on our campaign was going to be personal,
08:11and that the way they were going to try to defeat the arguments for leave
08:15was by playing the man, not the ball.
08:20It wasn't just the Conservatives who were divided.
08:24Labour leader Jeremy Corbyn was preparing to give his first speech of the campaign.
08:30Jeremy wanted to use that speech to set out his own personal development on the issue of the EU,
08:41because he was constantly being attacked for being a closet Eurosceptic.
08:47I was under a lot of questions all the time about it,
08:51and so I thought it's important that we actually stop this question
08:54of sort of corridor conversations the whole time with everybody.
08:58We sent the draft to him that was very clear,
09:01that's why I want Britain to remain in the European Union.
09:08And it would come back amended to that's why Labour wants Britain to remain in the European Union.
09:15Changed it around quite a bit, actually.
09:17Well, they're very keen on I.
09:19I'm not.
09:21There's no I in Corbyn.
09:23We.
09:24I was trying to present we as the campaign,
09:28we as the party,
09:29we as the movement.
09:36It's now a crucial democratic opportunity
09:39for people to have their say
09:41on our country's future
09:43and the future of our continent as a whole.
09:47As Alan explained,
09:48the Labour Party is overwhelmingly for staying in.
09:51I thought, well,
09:53at the end of the day,
09:55this guy is never going to give his whole wide support here.
09:58A lot of people
09:59saw the referendum as a cipher for their own anger at their life in our society.
10:07Going around and telling them to vote for the EU,
10:10which is trying to bring in more free market economics,
10:13isn't going to work and isn't going to cut it.
10:25With two months to go,
10:27Cameron sent out his troops to launch the government's campaign.
10:33So the four of us walked out into this big manufacturing hall
10:37with podiums lined up one after the other.
10:40The riflemen at the front of the battle.
10:42It was a big moment for us
10:44because it was us launching the number
10:47that we could then put on billboards
10:49and put in the adverts
10:50and put in the leaflets that would go around the country.
10:53The Treasury has run the numbers.
10:55Liz Truss wasn't Liz Truss then.
10:58She was one of the team on Remain.
11:01If productivity falls,
11:03we will see lower wages in Britain,
11:07consumption will fall,
11:10and people will be permanently poorer.
11:14It was very clear in the EU referendum
11:17that people emotionally were quite attached
11:20to the idea of independence
11:21and standing up for Britain
11:23and being against kind of Europe.
11:26But the thing that concerned them,
11:28those people,
11:29was the economic cost, the risk.
11:32The central estimate is that in the long run,
11:35GDP would be over 6% smaller
11:38and Britain would be worse off
11:39by £4,300 per household.
11:42It was all over the focus groups
11:44and it went down like a bucket of coal sick.
11:49Why isn't £4,250 or £4,150?
11:52They said, how could you possibly know?
11:53Which, by the way, is a good question.
11:56This equation that's in the 200-page Treasury document,
11:58which comes to the conclusion
11:59that if Britain votes to leave the European Union,
12:01it will cost each and every household £4,300.
12:04You can't sit down with them and say,
12:06well, let us explain our economic modelling to you.
12:08Do you have Excel on your computer?
12:09I mean, you know,
12:12you can't do that.
12:13Try and say that out loud
12:15because I'm not sure I could do that.
12:16It's, it's...
12:17Oh, my God.
12:18Get your glasses on.
12:19Really?
12:19Yes!
12:20I, N brackets, I, F, D, I,
12:22close brackets,
12:24equals A to the power of I, J,
12:26plus A, one, I, N brackets,
12:27Y, I, T, close brackets, plus...
12:29I went back to the team
12:31and I said, it's very simple, guys.
12:32We are never using the words £4,300 ever again.
12:37The Treasury got a real bashing
12:39and I got a real bashing,
12:41but this is how we'd won the last general election.
12:44This is how Tony Blair and Margaret Thatcher
12:46had won elections in the decades before us.
12:48If we vote to leave on the 23rd of June,
12:52we will be voting for higher prices.
13:02Vote Leave had produced their own figure.
13:07The point of using that really was
13:10to try and, um, uh,
13:13to try and drive the Remain campaign
13:14and people running it crazy.
13:17Probably one of the happiest moments of the campaign
13:18was when it was all agreed
13:20and just knowing how certain people
13:23were going to react
13:24when we used the £350 million figure.
13:28Essentially, you have a powerful government
13:30that just won the election
13:31and had a very, uh, powerful ability
13:34to control how the media reported the campaign.
13:41Vote Leave now had their messenger.
13:44Can we do it?
13:45Yes!
13:46I think we can!
13:47And to attract non-Tory voters,
13:50Labour's most prominent Brexiteer,
13:52Gisela Stewart,
13:53were sent around the country with him.
13:56Vote Leave!
13:57Vote Leave!
13:57Vote Leave!
13:58Vote Leave!
14:00I had the first experience
14:02of what it's out to campaign
14:03with someone like Boris Johnson.
14:05Boris! Boris! Boris! Boris! Boris!
14:09Boris! Boris!
14:10People would be in upstairs windows,
14:13opening their windows,
14:14waving at him and shouting at him.
14:17Woo! Woo!
14:22You almost got the sense
14:24that Boris's presence
14:26gave people permission
14:27to be enthusiastic about something
14:30which they were told by everybody else
14:33they should not be enthusiastic about.
14:36Thank you. Thank you very much.
14:40There you go.
14:41Delicious!
14:42The ice cream.
14:43Cameras were there.
14:44We are given ice cream.
14:46At that moment,
14:47I start to panic
14:48because ice cream
14:49has a habit of dripping.
14:51A woman in the crowd
14:52just stepped out and said,
14:53Mr. Johnson,
14:54can I eat your ice cream?
14:56Go on, you have the whole thing.
14:59There you go.
15:00It's a delicious ice cream.
15:02So these were the days
15:03when people were still
15:05so loving and trusting
15:07as to take an ice cream
15:08from my hands
15:09and eat it.
15:11So it was wonderful.
15:17Boris had sort of chuckled nervously
15:19over the fact that
15:20the 350 million,
15:21we send the EU 350 million a week,
15:23was plastered on the side of the bus.
15:26And I think he was like,
15:27how are we going to defend this?
15:29Let's deal with your arguments.
15:30One of them is on the side of this bus.
15:32We send 350 million to Europe.
15:34We don't.
15:35And you know we don't.
15:36No, we don't.
15:36Yes, it is.
15:37No, it's not.
15:37Yes, it is.
15:38No, it's not.
15:38Like some comedy caper on the bus.
15:40Admit that that figure
15:41is grotesquely misleading at best.
15:43I won't.
15:44I won't.
15:45I won't.
15:45Dominic's view
15:46when we raised it with him
15:47was simply,
15:49just let them keep raising the issue.
15:51You're wandering around this country
15:52with a dirty great lie
15:53on the side of your bus.
15:54No, no, no.
15:54Because that gross figure
15:55is the right figure.
15:56Because if they say,
15:58it's not 350 million,
15:59it's 170 million,
16:01anyone at home
16:02is just going to be looking
16:02and thinking,
16:03170 million quid a week?
16:05That's a fuck of a lot of money.
16:06This bus has a lot of miles
16:08to travel in the coming weeks.
16:09There's a lot of debate
16:10to be had on both sides.
16:12Tamsin Melville,
16:13BBC Spotlight,
16:14St. Horstall.
16:15I remember having a conversation
16:16with the BBC
16:17and saying,
16:17every single interview you do,
16:19every single piece of film
16:22that you use
16:22has got this in it.
16:24It's full throttle
16:25for the Leave campaign.
16:28You are allowing them
16:30to put their campaign message across
16:31that is not true
16:33over and over
16:34and over again.
16:36And I remember
16:36the person at the BBC
16:37just sort of like
16:38shrugging their shoulders
16:39and saying,
16:40what do you expect me
16:41to do about it?
16:41You have to see
16:43Boris Johnson attempting
16:44to angle grind it
16:45into oblivion.
16:51Nigel Farage
16:53was determined
16:54not to let Boris Johnson
16:55steal the show.
16:57He was running
16:58a separate Leave campaign
16:59and took his own bus
17:01and message
17:02on tour
17:03around the country.
17:05Boris comes out
17:06and says,
17:07yeah,
17:07you know,
17:08I'm going to embrace
17:09Leave.
17:10And I said,
17:11thank goodness for that.
17:11He'll help get us
17:12over the line.
17:15But never for one moment
17:16did I think
17:16I could step back.
17:18I'd already been
17:18on this journey
17:20for well over 20 years.
17:23So we did it
17:24with a bit of noise.
17:25We did it
17:25with a bit of colour.
17:30Do you like the theme tune,
17:31The Great Escape?
17:33Because that's what
17:34we've got to do,
17:34isn't it?
17:34We've got to escape.
17:36Who do you think
17:36came up with the idea?
17:37Nigel.
17:39He's a pantomime
17:40vaudeville act.
17:42Are you voting
17:42for Brexit, sir?
17:4650-50.
17:47It's going to be
17:48really close.
17:53This bus was shit.
17:55To get it repainted
17:56was more expensive
17:57than the actual bus.
17:58It was falling to bits.
17:59It was a mess inside.
18:00No toilets,
18:01no seats downstairs.
18:02And a driver
18:04who should never
18:05be allowed to drive
18:06ever.
18:09We knew that borders,
18:11mass migration
18:12were huge, huge issues.
18:14And we knew that
18:15we had to prosecute
18:16that argument
18:16because a softer
18:17Vote Leave campaign,
18:20particularly with
18:21Johnson on board,
18:23were unlikely
18:23to make it.
18:25We give away
18:26everything.
18:26We piled into
18:28immigration.
18:29And the engagement
18:29was extraordinary.
18:30We give away
18:31our thoughts.
18:33The places
18:34we had chosen,
18:35these were all
18:35Labour heartlands.
18:37We realised
18:37that it was
18:39in the Labour
18:39heartlands,
18:39the working men
18:40and women,
18:41that felt left behind
18:42and disconnected
18:43from the political
18:43discourse.
18:52Boris and I
18:53did speak on the
18:53phone very regularly
18:54through the campaign,
18:56compared notes,
18:57talked about
18:58who was doing
18:58what,
18:59who was visiting
19:00where.
19:01So we did talk.
19:01I do remember
19:03talking once,
19:03at least once,
19:04probably at most
19:05once,
19:05to Nigel about
19:06the way the
19:07campaign was going
19:08and what we
19:08could do together.
19:09I said to Boris
19:09one Sunday morning,
19:10what about we all
19:11merge in,
19:12I don't know,
19:12Andover,
19:13anywhere you like.
19:14Oh yes,
19:15he said it'd be
19:15like the Russians
19:16and the Americans
19:18meeting on the Elba
19:19in 1945.
19:20I said,
19:21well I hadn't
19:21quite thought of it
19:22that way,
19:22but I mean,
19:23fine.
19:24You know,
19:24and he was
19:25very enthused
19:26by it.
19:27And then he
19:28said to me,
19:28let me ask my
19:29people.
19:30I said,
19:30sorry,
19:30what do you
19:30mean?
19:32Dominic Cummings'
19:33view was that
19:34Nigel Farage had
19:35ardent support,
19:36but there was a
19:37ceiling to it,
19:38and that you
19:38would never win
19:39a campaign that
19:40Nigel Farage led
19:41if you needed
19:42more than 50%
19:43of the public
19:44to support it.
19:45There was a
19:45sense that there
19:46was a possibility
19:47that Farage could
19:48somehow taint
19:49the campaign and
19:50engagement with him
19:51was not a good
19:52look.
19:52I was really
19:53clear,
19:53Don was really
19:53clear,
19:54everyone in the
19:55campaign was
19:56clear.
19:56Absolutely not.
20:00Cummings may not
20:01have wanted to
20:02join forces with
20:03Farage,
20:04but he wasn't
20:05above stealing
20:05his message on
20:07immigration.
20:08We are giving
20:09£2 billion to
20:10Macedonia,
20:11Serbia,
20:12Albania,
20:13Montenegro and
20:14Turkey to join
20:15the EU.
20:20David Cameron
20:21now claims
20:22Turkey won't
20:22join the EU,
20:23but that's not
20:24what he said
20:24before.
20:26This is
20:27something I feel
20:28very strongly,
20:29very passionately
20:30about.
20:31Together, I want
20:32us to pave the
20:33road from
20:34Ankara to
20:35Brussels.
20:36I was at my
20:37in-laws in
20:38Wiltshire and I
20:40got a call from
20:41Boris and I went
20:43outside to the
20:43front gate to
20:45take it and
20:46and when I
20:48pressed the
20:49button, I
20:50went to put it
20:50up to my
20:51and it was
20:51like that.
20:52I hated it and
20:53I was very
20:54angry.
20:55I thought this
20:55wasn't agreed,
20:56this wasn't what
20:57we wanted and
20:59I hit the roof.
21:01Have you seen
21:02the effing poster?
21:03Have you seen
21:03the effing advert
21:04from Dominic?
21:05You know, I got
21:07Turkish ancestors
21:08myself, very
21:08proud of it.
21:09I thought that
21:10start casting it
21:11purely in terms of
21:14being hostile to
21:15immigrants, which
21:15was partly, by the
21:16way, sorry, the
21:17problem with, you
21:18know, the other
21:19chat we've just
21:19been talking about
21:21because he was
21:21all, their campaign
21:23was all about
21:23being hostile to
21:24immigrants and
21:25that wasn't where
21:26I was.
21:27I put the phone
21:28on the gate and
21:30stepped back a few
21:31feet and I could
21:31still hear him and
21:33I went back to get
21:34the phone and I
21:35urged him to calm
21:36down.
21:36Everybody who
21:37knows anything
21:37about something
21:38knows there was
21:39not a catch chance
21:40in Hades of Turkey
21:42joining the EU.
21:44That wasn't going
21:45to happen.
21:45He said to me,
21:47I'm getting in the
21:47car, I'm driving
21:48back to London, I'm
21:49going to have it
21:49out with him, I'm
21:50going to have it
21:50out with him.
21:51And I thought,
21:51Christ, he's going
21:52to go round to
21:54Dominic's and whack
21:55him.
21:56I wish I had.
21:57God, it would
21:58save me a lot of
21:58trouble.
22:00Brilliant idea.
22:01God, I wish I'd
22:02done that.
22:02What a fantastic
22:03thing to have done.
22:07I think I thought
22:07about resigning, but
22:08in the end I just
22:09dissociated myself
22:10from that.
22:11There were moments
22:12in the campaign where
22:13you just couldn't
22:14believe what you
22:15were seeing.
22:16A sort of
22:16nativist, faragist,
22:19bunch of claims
22:20about immigration
22:22that simply aren't
22:23true.
22:23And the idea that
22:24Turkey was going
22:24to join the EU
22:25anytime soon was
22:27nonsense.
22:27I constantly said to
22:29David Cameron, we
22:29need to be clear on
22:31this.
22:31We have to make
22:32clear that we have
22:33a veto and that we
22:35would use it in any
22:36suggestion that Turkey
22:37was going to use
22:38to join the EU.
22:39It was very difficult
22:40because I was a
22:42campaigner, but I was
22:43also the prime
22:44minister.
22:45And there were, you
22:47know, important
22:47relationships, whether
22:49with Turkey or other
22:51European countries, that,
22:52you know, you're
22:53trying to think, I have
22:54to think about these
22:55relationships as well
22:56as about the
22:57campaign.
22:57This idea that there
22:58was going to be a
22:59sort of, you know,
23:01reasoned debate just
23:03disappeared out the
23:04window.
23:05And, I mean, it was a
23:06political campaign and
23:08it was a very hard
23:09fought, sometimes quite
23:12grubby campaign.
23:17Good morning.
23:19It's 13 minutes to
23:20eight.
23:21The Sun in its lead
23:22says claims have been
23:22swirling around
23:23Westminster and online
23:24that Marina Wheeler
23:25was the QC caught in a
23:27drunken clinch with
23:28another lawyer at
23:29Waterloo Station last
23:30summer.
23:30I got wind of the
23:32fact that there was a
23:33rumor around about me.
23:36I don't remember the
23:37details, but definitely
23:38involved some knickers
23:40somewhere.
23:41Anyway, first I didn't
23:42think very much about it
23:43and I thought, well, it
23:44will be obvious it
23:45wasn't me because I
23:46wasn't in the country at
23:46that time.
23:48But then I did start to
23:51think people were
23:52avoiding me.
23:54I was very, very wound up
23:56by the personal attacks.
23:59Not just playing the man
24:00not the woman, playing
24:01the man's wife.
24:03And, you know, what kind
24:04of politics is it where
24:06they go for people's wives?
24:10Dominic Cummings saw an
24:12opportunity.
24:14We convene in Dom's office
24:16office and Dom says, this is
24:19Osborne.
24:20This has to be Osborne.
24:22And we immediately just
24:24explain it to Boris.
24:26An additional kiloton of
24:29ivory entered his soul at
24:31that point.
24:31I probably thought, well, sod it,
24:34you know, don't get mad, get
24:36even.
24:37And I thought, well, we've
24:39got to, we've just got to win
24:39this thing.
24:41And it was from that moment
24:42that he said, I am prepared
24:43to go on TV tomorrow and talk
24:46about immigration.
24:48George Osborne says it's
24:49utterly untrue he was the
24:51source of the article.
24:53Nonetheless, Cummings' claim
24:55worked.
24:56Boris Johnson took the gloves
24:57off at a crucial moment, the
25:00day the annual immigration
25:01figures were announced.
25:03We went to 4Milbank where we
25:06do all the interviews for the
25:07various broadcasters.
25:10And I remember walking up the
25:13stairs as the numbers arrived
25:15and they pinged into my inbox
25:17on my phone.
25:18And I remember looking at it
25:20and thinking, crikey.
25:23So it's more or less a
25:25double.
25:26So it was supposed to get
25:27net migration down to tens of
25:29thousands.
25:30That wasn't a TV market, it
25:31was the whole thing.
25:32The whole thing.
25:32And the whole thing is 333.
25:34Yeah, right.
25:35OK.
25:37OK.
25:38That's a city one-size
25:38of Newcastle.
25:39Corgeous.
25:40Corgeous.
25:43He went and articulated and
25:46bossed an argument that was
25:49more, all the more compelling
25:51because he was a pro-immigration
25:54mayor of London.
25:55These figures have just come
25:57out.
25:57What do you make of them in the
25:59broad sense?
25:59I think that they show the
26:01scandal of the promise made by
26:04politicians repeatedly that they
26:05could cut immigration to the
26:07tens of thousands.
26:08We've now got a city the size of
26:09Oxford from the EU alone.
26:12I have 333,000 net from all
26:15around the world.
26:16The situation is completely out
26:18of control.
26:18The only way to sort it out is
26:20vote leave on June the 23rd and
26:22take back control.
26:24I was very concerned about this
26:26because, to be frank about it,
26:28when we were talking about the
26:29economy, we were winning.
26:31When we were talking about
26:32immigration, we were losing.
26:35The team running the Remain
26:37campaign wanted the Prime Minister
26:39to challenge Vote Leave's
26:41immigration offensive.
26:43I said, we've really got to make a
26:45blockbuster speech and confront them
26:48over this issue of immigration.
26:51I think I was very clear, I think
26:53Peter Mandelson was clear, that it
26:55wasn't enough simply to go on the
26:58economy.
26:59That while our economic message was
27:02critical, it was necessary for us to
27:04win the campaign, it was not
27:05sufficient.
27:06I said this to number 10, but they
27:09said, no, no, no, no, no, no, we've
27:11got to stick to economics.
27:13The moment we start talking about
27:16immigration, we'll start playing
27:18their game.
27:18The decision was taken that we
27:20shouldn't go out there and add more
27:22fuel to the fire, that we actually
27:24needed to double down on the economy
27:26and wrecking the economy being the
27:29centre of our campaign.
27:31Now, a referendum campaign broadcast by
27:33the Stronger in Europe campaign.
27:57We had to keep doubling down on the
28:00economy because that was the one
28:02issue that might switch people who
28:04otherwise were going to vote leave.
28:08Despite refusing to confront
28:10immigration head-on, Cameron chose to
28:12share a platform with Nigel Farage,
28:15hoping to expose the leader of a party
28:18he'd once described as a bunch of
28:20fruitcakes, loonies and closet racists.
28:24So we arrived for the debate with
28:26Nigel Farage in the Prime Minister's
28:29official convoy, only to see this
28:32purple open-top bus with Nigel Farage
28:36arriving at the same time.
28:40He was coming into the green room and I
28:42was wandering out with a cigarette,
28:45actually, if I'm being honest with you.
28:46So I said, Nigel, go, put it, let's go, go, go.
28:49We could see them walking.
28:50And so Nigel was, literally, we're running to get to this door,
28:54knowing that this collision would be news.
28:58News.
29:00I mean, he sort of asked how I was and we exchanged pleasantries.
29:05I looked at him and I thought, well, I'll tell you what,
29:08if I feel nervous, you look really nervous.
29:10You know, the concept of doing something with Farage was different.
29:14But on the other hand, I was persuaded, well, actually,
29:18having a moment where you can see what lies behind the campaign,
29:23i.e. Farage, and what the Prime Minister is saying,
29:27that's a good contrast.
29:35Good evening.
29:36There are now just 16 days to go before the UK makes a momentous decision
29:41to stay in or to leave the European Union.
29:45First up this evening is Nigel Farage.
29:47Hi, Nigel.
29:49I know a lot of people,
29:51I have access to a predominantly black British audience,
29:54and a lot of the concerns that they have raised
29:56is that you are going to increase
30:01the fear and discrimination of black British people
30:04through your anti-immigration rhetoric.
30:06Are you encouraging racism?
30:08I don't think you could be more wrong, and here's why.
30:11I take a very strongly pro-Commonwealth view.
30:14I think it was very bad and wrong of us
30:17to turn our backs on the Commonwealth
30:18in favour of a European political project.
30:22You're still anti-immigration, so I don't see...
30:24I'm sorry, I won't have that.
30:25You are anti-immigration.
30:26You've used scaremongering and inflammatory comments in your campaign
30:29that have gone against people that look non-white.
30:34How are non-white British people going to stop discrimination
30:37about their identity and nationality in this country?
30:40That is what I really want to know.
30:41I'm sorry, I'm sorry.
30:42It was quite difficult,
30:44with a very engaged, quite noisy studio audience to get through.
30:50If you want to think that, and you don't want to...
30:53If you think that, that's the majority of people that look black, British or non-white...
30:56Well, lots of them...
30:57...have those concerns.
30:57That's why I can't do a lot, unless I'm allowed to talk.
30:59She's put a very clear question to you.
31:00Now look, I'm explaining to you, our current open border policy is damaging all of our communities,
31:06and here's our chance, maybe our one and only chance as a nation, to get a grip on this issue.
31:14Next, it was Cameron's turn, but the immigration issue didn't go away.
31:20I voted for you in the last election because one of the things on your manifesto was to get immigration
31:24down.
31:25You haven't been able to do that because you're not allowed to do that.
31:28That's the bottom line.
31:29I don't agree with that.
31:30I think the biggest risk we can take is to pull out of the EU, pull out of the single
31:34market,
31:35damage our businesses, damage jobs, and there'll be fewer opportunities for our children and grandchildren.
31:40And I say again, I hope that when people go to vote on June the 23rd,
31:44they vote to say we don't want Little England of Nigel Farage, we want to be Great Britain,
31:48and we're great if we stay in these organisations and fight for the sort of values we believe in.
31:58With a fortnight to go, the Remain campaign sought to demonstrate another cost of leaving the EU.
32:06Two retirees on a morning stroll, except John Major and Tony Blair were in Northern Ireland on business.
32:14Walking the famous peace bridge for a purpose.
32:18The two former prime ministers argued a vote to leave would put at risk the peace they had painfully constructed.
32:25So throw away the membership of Europe.
32:29And don't be surprised if in the end, as a consequence, we accidentally throw away our union as well.
32:37We say to the leave campaign very directly, you have fundamental questions to answer about Northern Ireland,
32:44about the common travel area, about the effect of leaving the EU on the future make-up of the United
32:49Kingdom.
32:51That night on national TV, Remain drove the point home.
32:56We've had two former prime ministers in Ireland today pointing out the issue there,
33:01where one small vote leave have no plan for what the border would look like.
33:05We don't know.
33:06There is danger to the union as well from this proposal to leave.
33:10There is a successful union, and it's the United Kingdom.
33:13There's an unsuccessful union, and it's called the European Union.
33:16What really, really mattered was repetition of take back control.
33:21Boris Johnson.
33:22On June the 23rd, we all face a historic choice.
33:26To remain locked in a European Union, or to take back control.
33:33Take back control.
33:34Take back control.
33:35Take back control.
33:36It was destabilizing to have them constantly saying, take back control at us the whole time.
33:43Take back control.
33:44To take back control.
33:44Take back control of huge sums of money.
33:47Being repeated and repeated and repeated.
33:48Take back control of our borders.
33:49Take back control of our economic policy, our tax, our trade, and take back control of our democracy.
33:55It was a simple answer to a complicated question.
33:58And it sort of implied to people that they had some sort of control as well.
34:05Dictating towards how we ran our country.
34:08I want my country back.
34:11As door-to-door campaigning ramped up in the final two weeks, Leave's message was clearly resonating with traditional Labour
34:19voters.
34:22People realise now nothing changes.
34:24That's why they're looking for an alternative.
34:25I know the 1% in their ivory towers are just laughing their tits off.
34:30It became clear to me the Remain message was not cutting through at all in working class communities in the
34:39Midlands and the North.
34:40Jeremy was continually campaigning throughout.
34:43I mean, he was actually probably more extensive than any other party leader.
34:48I mean, he did rallies in every part of Britain.
34:53I went to Aberdeen because I was told this is going to be great.
34:57People in Scotland are totally going to vote yes, you'll get a great reception there and they'll understand your message.
35:02It's OK.
35:03Those who want to tear up regulations are those that want to tear up workers' rights.
35:08We know which side we, the Labour Party, are on.
35:14It ends up with a whole lot of people from the fishing industry turn up.
35:17They've seen cuts, they've seen austerity, their kids are in debt, their kids can't get council housing, and you expect
35:25us to stay in the European Union.
35:32Fearing the worst, Cameron wanted Corbyn to campaign at more high-profile media events in the final stretch.
35:39There was a speech at De Montfort University where I stood aside and gave the platform to the leader of
35:46the opposition, to the leader of the Labour Party, and they didn't step up.
35:49I only actually heard about this sort of secondhand, basically, because it was, people said to me, Cameron wants you
35:56to speak in De Montfort University.
35:57I said, well, whatever Cameron wants is not my business.
36:01Thank you very much.
36:31Of course, if we didn't have all Labour figures working together, doing the same things, and saying roughly the same
36:37things at the same time, it wasn't going to have the difference it should have made.
36:41From our point of view, a kind of approach which was favoured by the kind of traditional Labour establishment, was
36:48really having no impact at all, and was, if anything, turning people off more.
36:56With just eight days to go, Remain worried their warnings had not got through.
37:03Standing alongside his Labour predecessor, the Chancellor threatened voters, if the UK left the EU, he would introduce an immediate
37:11emergency budget.
37:14There'll be a hole in the public finances. You've got chancellors from two different political parties saying that taxes will
37:19have to go up, spending will have to be cut.
37:21Look, that is the reality of quitting the EU.
37:24I was utterly committed to trying to win this campaign, because I was utterly convinced that it was a disaster
37:30for Britain.
37:31Sorts of tax rises we could see include a 2p rise in the basic rate of income tax, a 3p
37:37rise in the higher rate, 5% increases in duties on alcohol and on fuel, a 5% increase in
37:45the basic rate of inheritance tax.
37:47Suddenly, all these Tories came out, many of whom had been my friends in the past, and said, George Osborne
37:53has crossed the line, this is outrageous, we won't support this budget.
37:56It was plainly untrue that these things would come to pass, which it promised. It was plainly not what would
38:03ever happen.
38:03We recognise that this is just a scary story, a campaign tactic. We don't expect it ever to be brought
38:09forward.
38:10It would be a repudiation of many of our manifesto promises, and that's why we won't stand for it.
38:15Within hours, Steve Baker had got more than 50 Tory MPs to sign a statement, threatening to bring down their
38:22own government if Osborne proceeded with his budget.
38:25It was a great campaigning moment to take the wheels off George Osborne's nonsense, and actually gives me some pleasure
38:31to have done it, given the contempt which actually I feel for that kind of campaigning tactic, to have destroyed
38:36it.
38:36That's definitely the moment when, you know, second Lieutenant George Osborne got out of the trenches and got shot by
38:44the machine guns on the other side.
38:46And, you know, my own kind of ambitions to be leader of the Tory party probably died that day.
38:54With civil war breaking out inside Parliament, outside Nigel Farage was heading there with an armada of angry fishermen who
39:03believed the EU was destroying their livelihoods.
39:09We had little boats that had come from Bradwell and Essex.
39:12We had a huge pelagic vessel that had come down from the north of Scotland.
39:25But some ardent Remainers were determined to drown out Farage's flotilla.
39:31Blown me down.
39:33On board is Bob Geldof, Boris Johnson's sister.
39:38Many of the great were good from Kensington and Chelsea.
39:40Bob Geldof called and said, would I like to be involved in some crazed stunt that he was organising?
39:50So I said no.
39:51And I said, why not?
39:53And she said, she said, because I don't want to just publicly go against my brother.
39:58I said, it's got nothing to do with Boris, it's about stopping Nigel.
40:04And they were trying to cut us up, and so our boat was going like this with all these little
40:09trawlers, you know, like wacky races.
40:13At which point, the husband of an MP, Joe Cox, came swarming out from amongst all these bargers, Brendan Cox,
40:22with his two kids with their in flags.
40:25Up then pipes this huge, great, big loudspeaker.
40:28You are no fisherman's friend.
40:31You were on the European Parliament Fishing Committee, and you attended one out of 43 meetings.
40:38You're a fraud, Nigel.
40:40You're a fraud, Nigel.
40:41You're a fraud.
40:43Go back down the river, because you're up one without a canoe.
40:49We were broadsided with rock and roll, you know.
40:53I'm in with the in crowd.
40:56I'm in with the in crowd.
40:57I've got Woodstock.
40:59I've got Live Aid.
41:01I've got Glastonbury on my boat.
41:03And I know what they did from the water.
41:08And the harbormaster keeps coming up to our boat and telling us to turn the music down.
41:14Bob Geldof says, well, there's only one thing to do at this point.
41:17And I was like, what's that?
41:18He said, well, I'm going to ring the prime minister.
41:21He says, Bob, like, I'm really busy.
41:24I just sort of talked to him and said, look, I've got to get on with Prime Minister's questions.
41:27And I said, Farage is coming up the river to park outside Parliament with a load of fishermen and disrupting
41:35PMQs.
41:36He says, who told you that?
41:38Something like that.
41:38I said, what do you mean who told me that?
41:40We're there now.
41:41Well, I wasn't quite sure what I was meant to do.
41:44So I think it was a relatively brief conversation.
41:46I couldn't suddenly call the Coast Guard.
41:51The volume was absolutely extraordinary.
41:54And the level of personal invective and abuse that was used against me was huge.
42:00I don't care where you're at.
42:03You can't forget that until you've been there.
42:06Sometimes things can be reduced to a gesture, you know.
42:10You can go like that or you can go like that.
42:13I go with the latter.
42:15They were these wonderful fishing boats with, you know, adorned with these kind of salty dog types.
42:20And there we were, these metropolitan wankers.
42:25And suddenly the fishermen, they're surrounding me now and going apoplectic.
42:33Really, I've never seen people so dangerously angry.
42:37And that's when it turned to Geldof against the fishermen, as opposed to Geldof against me.
42:43There was one guy screaming at me, really alongside our boats.
42:50And I just said, well, come on board.
43:07Everything in that man's voice, you know, everything, his anger, his rage about his future, the future of his family.
43:16Everything was wrapped up in his loathing of me and all the people who were trying to stop Brexit.
43:23Boris will help us.
43:24No, he won't.
43:25He will.
43:26Referendum aren't about facts.
43:28It's all about emotion.
43:31And that landed.
43:34Traitor! Traitor!
43:36And that was the moment we won, I think, the biggest PR victory of the whole campaign.
43:47The next day, Farage staged another event, determined immigration dominate the final days of the campaign.
43:55I see poster trucks there.
44:03The more outrageous you are, the more attention you get.
44:06The more attention you get, the more outrageous you become.
44:11Well, joining me is the UKIP leader, Nigel Farage.
44:14And let me put it to you, that is an extraordinarily incendiary poster to suggest Britain is somehow at breaking
44:20point.
44:21It was a very powerful image.
44:25It's an image, by the way, that if you used it today, you'd probably get very little criticism.
44:30Every one of these can get to Calais.
44:32We know how bad our government is at defending our borders.
44:35And within a few years, all of these people will have EU passports.
44:42While the media was going crazy about this poster, I got a phone call from somebody in MI5
44:49who were saying that they thought that Jo Cox had been very, very severely injured by somebody who attacked her.
44:58The Labour MP, Jo Cox, is in a critical condition after being shot and stabbed in her constituency.
45:05What alerted local people were the sounds of screaming, mad, loud, manic screaming,
45:13followed immediately by people rushing out to her aid with towels and tea blankets and such like to try and
45:20stem the flow of blood.
45:23She only spoke a couple of days ago about how excited the children had been to be involved in the
45:28flotilla on the Thames as part of the European referendum campaigns.
45:32Of course, nobody could have foreseen that this was going to happen.
45:37I knew Jo Cox well.
45:39She was one of the most tolerant, outward-going people, prepared to listen to everybody and wanting people to come
45:45together.
45:45The thing that surprises me time and time again as I travel around the constituency is that we are far
45:50more united and have far more in common than that which divides us.
45:54She represented something about tolerance and about understanding each other and about building bridges and about cutting across divides.
46:04And yet this campaign has descended into something that really does no justice to the kind of politics and the
46:10kind of society that we want to see.
46:12This is the man accused of murdering her.
46:15Eyewitnesses say he said, Britain first, and this is for Britain as he attacked Jo Cox.
46:22And that night, there was a conversation on the phone between myself, Gisela, Boris and Dominic Cummings.
46:30I do, I remember thinking, you know, my God, is this really, is it really us who have done, is
46:36it, is it true that this campaign has released these appalling feelings in people?
46:42I literally had people coming up to me and telling me that I had killed Jo Cox.
46:49And that's where it's really, really hard.
46:51All three of us, Boris, Gisela and me, were upset.
46:56We were convinced, by the way, that it was over for the, for the campaign, you know, with, well, you
47:03know, um, people will think this is a horrible, nasty, uh, xenophobic campaign that's bringing out the worst in people.
47:14We all agreed we would stop campaigning.
47:18Do you regret your breaking point poster?
47:20Well, it said the EU has failed us all.
47:23And it was designed for us to say to people, we do not want to stay part of a union
47:28that has failed on TV.
47:29So, I'm used to criticism, but that Sunday was of a different level.
47:35It was of a different level.
47:38Um, completely unfair, unrelated, but that's by the by.
47:46The Remain camp are using these awful circumstances to try to say that the motives of one deranged, dangerous individual
47:55were similar of half the country, or perhaps more, who believe we should leave the EU.
48:03I said, look, I'm really sorry that, you know, this happened at this moment.
48:08Um, didn't apologize for the poster itself or the, or the, the, the, any sense of what it was trying
48:15to convey, that Europe's making a catastrophic mistake.
48:18We shouldn't allow ourselves to be part of it.
48:21Um, but I apologize, obviously, if anyone thought that this was what the Leave campaign was about, which it clearly
48:28wasn't.
48:35The polls were swinging towards Remain.
48:38David Cameron wanted to resume campaigning with a display of national unity.
48:44I remember ringing Gordon with this idea that we should have, you know, the four living prime ministers, Tony Blair,
48:51Gordon Brown, John Major, and myself, outside Downing Street on Lecterns.
48:58Lectern each explaining why we, as serving and previous prime ministers, thought it was in Britain's national interest.
49:04We would be stronger, safer, better off if we stayed.
49:07And I said, look, that will not work, because why people are voting against us, particularly Labour voters, is they
49:13see it as an establishment stitch-up.
49:15It's nothing to do with them.
49:16Europe is some far-off place, and it's not really benefiting their lives.
49:19I respected his arguments, he's a highly intelligent man, but I was a bit frustrated because I thought, look, it
49:27may not be the perfect idea, but there's something about the striking image and reality of people with radically different
49:34opinions about life saying we should stay in.
49:37And he said, look, and he said, look, we've had the shock factor.
49:42Joe Cox was assassinated.
49:50Instead of what I would have called an establishment stitch-up, I wanted a different proposal, which was all the
49:55Labour leaders trying to get the Labour vote out.
49:57That was the vote that was most at risk, and they would all appear together and speak together about the
50:03importance of staying inside the European Union and leading Europe, not leaving it.
50:08The call was made to Jeremy Corbyn.
50:12I said, absolutely no.
50:15Listen, Blair started my leadership campaign by saying, if you've got a heart to vote for Jeremy Corbyn, you need
50:23a heart transplant.
50:25And he was unremitting in his attacks and abuse on me the whole time, and remains so.
50:31It was barely a decade after the invasion and occupation of Iraq.
50:35A significant section of the British public still regarded Tony Blair as a war criminal.
50:42It was the people that had voted for me, he'd clearly voted for me as an alternative to Blair, the
50:48war, the free market, and all the other stuff that Blair's so keen on.
50:52So, no.
51:05Polling day itself was quite a strange day, because 23rd of June was the date that my oldest daughter was
51:13graduating from St. Andrews.
51:15And it was a difficult day, because, obviously, Boris was there, very visible, attracting quite a lot of notice and
51:25attention.
51:26The atmosphere you've got to cut with a knife, I mean, my goodness.
51:30I mean, you could not find a more Remain environment.
51:35And, you know, they looked at me as though, like, you know, God, there's something the cat brought in.
51:39Things were dragging on a bit.
51:40And I remember saying to Marina, we've got to go.
51:43We were miles and miles from London, miles and miles from the polling station.
51:48It would really not be great if Boris missed the polls, having led to the Vote Leave campaign.
51:57I don't think he would have heard the end of that.
52:01We eventually landed at City Airport in London, with about an hour to go or so.
52:07Boris said, let's go on the DLR.
52:10We rushed across to vote with sort of 15 minutes to spare.
52:13Loads of photographers followed us back to the house.
52:15We got through the front door.
52:16And virtually the first thing that appears on the BBC special coverage is news that Boris Johnson has told a
52:22man on the underground that they're not going to win the referendum.
52:26And I remember looking at him and just saying, how many times have I told you, don't speak to people
52:31on the tube?
52:33Good evening and welcome at the end of this momentous day, when each one of us has had the chance
52:39to say what kind of country we want to live in.
52:42So the evening of the referendum campaign sort of started quite confidently because these opinion poll organisations were saying that
52:53they thought that we had won.
52:55The polling stations close after weeks, months, years of argument.
52:59And we'll have the answer to the question that's haunted British politics for so long.
53:04Do we want to be in or out of the EU?
53:07When 10 o'clock came, it's like, all the adrenaline's gone.
53:12And I said mistakenly, well, you know what, maybe the other side will win.
53:16Take this with a pinch of salt, but we have had, we've spoken to Nigel Farage.
53:20It's been an extraordinary referendum campaign.
53:22This is Nigel Farage.
53:23Turnout looks to be exceptionally high and looks like Remain will edge it.
53:28I sort of began to sink a little bit because there's nothing more I can do.
53:31I've tried so hard.
53:32The total number of votes cast in favour of Remain was 51,930.
53:43The total number of votes cast in favour of Leave was 82,000.
53:51I thought, wow, that's a huge, huge, that's much bigger than they were forecasting.
53:58So I was watching the snake on, I was watching the Betfair numbers and seeing suddenly it kinked for Leave.
54:07The total number of votes cast in favour of Leave was 67,251.
54:18I remember my daughter, Nancy, was sort of sitting next to me around this table.
54:22We were watching the TV and she sort of said, Dad, we're losing this.
54:25And I could, I could feel it.
54:26I remember going up to my own apartment, which was in 10 Downing Street, sort of lying on the sofa.
54:31My family were asleep.
54:32It was like three in the morning, just going, everything is in ruins.
54:37So it wasn't just my own personal ambitions that were being, you know, going up in smoke.
54:42It was also, I felt deeply patriotic that my country was making a really terrible wrong turn.
54:48The British people have spoken and the answer is, we're out.
54:55I've campaigned for something that everybody told me was a waste of time.
54:59I was wasting my time.
55:01And a dream that I had and pursued relentlessly had actually come to pass.
55:08Let June the 23rd go down in our history as our Independence Day.
55:15In the end, Leave had won by 4 percent, 52 to 48.
55:33I just felt I'd have no credibility.
55:35I felt that the country needed a new prime minister.
55:39Samantha agreed about that.
55:41I remember her saying, you know, gosh, I just don't think I can face going out there.
55:46I love this country and I feel honoured to have served it.
55:51And I will do everything I can in future to help this great country succeed.
55:56Thank you very much.
55:59And I remember Boris just saying, Jesus Christ, poor Sam.
56:02What the hell?
56:04What the hell?
56:04And he was obsessed by her sort of reaction.
56:09Well, what I felt was, right, we're going to have to do something.
56:18It's going to have to involve me.
56:21I better, we better go down and give a press conference and try and, try and settle things,
56:27try and steady the shit.
56:32It was that moment when we walked out the door that I knew that probably, course of the country,
56:39certainly Boris's part in it, had changed forever.
56:46You know, suddenly, you know, having been used to, you know, people being, people heckle,
56:53people shout, jocular insults, you Tory tosser and so on.
56:57But they were really angry.
56:59They were really upset.
57:05We managed to get in the car with the help of quite a few police officers and the car
57:11left the front and sped off down the road.
57:13And at the end of their road, there is a traffic light and it was green.
57:18And just before he reached it, it went orange and he braked and it went red and he stopped.
57:24And instantly we were surrounded by protesters and really, really angry people.
57:32It was then that I, you know, I really felt the, the strength of people's feeling about this.
57:38I underestimated how deeply it spoke to people.
57:44For the first time I'd ever seen him looking like properly fearful,
57:47not necessarily just for his own safety, but for a sense of kind of, what has this unleashed?
57:58Obviously we were delighted that we'd won, but conscious that we were embarking on what
58:03would be a difficult path.
58:04I don't think any of us realized quite how difficult it would be.
58:08Suddenly the people are looking at you thinking, you know, you're in charge of defense,
58:13you're in charge of tax, you're in charge of absentee, everything.
58:20To those who may be anxious, whether at home or abroad, this does not mean that the United Kingdom
58:27will be in any way less united, nor indeed does it mean that it will be any less European.
58:37We didn't have, you know, we didn't have a plan for what to do next,
58:43because we didn't think it was our job to, to have a plan.
59:03Out of control.
59:06Out of control.
59:18Out of control.
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