- há 53 minutos
By tracing the origins of the genocide back to 1959, the documentary exposes the sequence of events and mechanisms that led to the atrocities of 1994. It explores how ethnic divisions were deliberately created and manipulated, and how geopolitical rivalries, particularly between America and France, contributed to a global indifference that allowed Hutu extremists to prepare for the massacre openly. The film also delves into the role of societal manipulation and polarization in turning ordinary people against each other.
Directors: Michaël Sztanke, Maria Malagardis, Seamus Haley
Directors: Michaël Sztanke, Maria Malagardis, Seamus Haley
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00:28Transcription by CastingWords
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01:59Transcription by CastingWords
01:59Les gens qui organisent le génocide ne sont pas des citoyens lambda.
02:07Ce sont des grands intellectuels avec une préparation minutieuse tirée de l'exploience hitlérienne.
02:16On a cherché à démontrer que c'est les Tutsis qui manipulent, qu'ils sont trop nombreux, à s'être
02:25enrichis, etc.
02:26Et ça commençait comme ça.
02:34Les autorités françaises soutiennent inconditionnellement un régime qui prépare le génocide des Tutsis.
02:42J'ai averti, fin 90, qu'il y avait dans la tête de responsables militaires l'idée d'un massacre
02:50général.
02:53C'était la solution finale et radical.
03:02The Tutsi genocide in Rwanda didn't happen at a moment of collective madness.
03:09This widespread violence had been in the works for a long time.
03:47La Tutsi genocide in Rwanda
04:07There was the period of the Tutsi genocide.
04:10Three months, a million dead, and there was the period of its preparation.
04:27How did Rwandans come to exterminate other Rwandans?
04:36In this small African country, the poison of a genocidal ideology was rooted in European racism and in the country's
04:46coloniser, Belgium.
05:02Jusqu'en 1959, nous sommes dans une situation coloniale.
05:08Le Rwanda est sous tutelle belge.
05:14Au Rwanda, on rencontre les Batutsis, la race dominante.
05:21Ce peuple de pasteurs s'adonne exclusivement à l'élevage et professe pour tout autre travail un mépris absolu.
05:28Les hommes se distinguent par leur haute stature, la finesse des attaches et leur fière démarche.
05:37Les Batutsis, qui représentent 90% de la population, sont des paysans bantous, à l'âme lourde et passive, ignorant
05:45tout souci du lendemain.
05:47Les Batutsis venus du Nord leur apparurent comme des demi-dieux qui leur apportaient une économie supérieure,
05:52puisqu'elles n'exigeaient apparemment aucun effort, celle de l'élevage du gros bétail.
05:59Les Batutsis sont au pouvoir.
06:01Et il a été créé comme une sorte d'aristocratie.
06:05Tutsi, ça veut dire que l'administration rwandaise, le système politique rwandaise a été épuré des éléments Hutus.
06:16Le colonisateur, il est en face d'une société sans doute complexe,
06:20où il y a la pratique de l'élevage, de l'agriculture.
06:23On met une société où les mots Tutsis et Hutus existent,
06:28mais ne signifient pas des races différentes,
06:30puisque ces groupes parlent la même langue, le Kenya Rwanda.
06:35Ils pratiquent la même religion.
06:37Ils obéissent au même chef.
06:39Et sur le territoire du Rwanda, les Tutsis et les Hutus vivent ensemble.
06:47La racialisation se fait par le colonisateur.
07:06Lorsque la Belgique institue des livrets d'identité, c'est une sorte de livret fiscal.
07:13Ça va permettre de taxer les familles en fonction de la taille de la famille,
07:18mais ça va également servir à identifier l'individu en fonction de sa race.
07:31Et le mot race est le premier mot qui apparaît sous la faute d'identité.
07:42En Rwanda, les Tutsis élites,
07:45pamperé par les Belgiens et la Cholique catholique,
07:47ont appelé pour l'indépendance du pays.
07:50Pour la peur de perdre leur holde sur le pays,
07:54les colonisateurs et la catholique hiérarchie
07:56ont décidé de reverser leur alliance.
07:58Ils entrustent le pouvoir à l'Hutu majorité,
08:02qui représentait 85% de la population.
08:061959,
08:08c'est le start de l'Hutu social révolution,
08:11directe contre les Tutsis.
08:13Le leader de ce mouvement
08:15était Grégoire Kajibanda.
08:22Three years later,
08:24he proclaimed Rwanda's independence
08:26and became president.
08:29Il y a un changement d'alliance.
08:32C'est-à-dire que les Tutsis
08:33qui ont été plus ou moins favorisés
08:36se trouvent désormais considérés comme des ennemis.
08:48On instaure la République.
08:51Mais les leaders rwandais
08:53ne remettent pas en cause
08:55la racialisation de la société
08:57par le colonisateur.
09:06Le Tutsi apparaît comme une race.
09:08Le Hutu est une race.
09:11Tout ça est totalement fantasmatique.
09:13Il n'y a pas de race au Rwanda.
09:15Il n'y a même pas d'ethnie.
09:16Il y a eu énormément de mariages
09:18entre les groupes sociaux.
09:19On ne peut pas reconnaître au premier abord
09:21un Hutu et un Tutsi.
09:22Donc, cette racialisation
09:25est extrêmement inquiétante.
09:32Ce qui est mis en place
09:33est un régime raciste.
09:36Et le président de la République,
09:38de la République,
09:40qui lance des massacres
09:41contre les Tutsis.
09:43Une violence qui fait,
09:44en une semaine,
09:458000 morts,
09:46en 1963.
09:59Il y a eu,
10:00qui a été un régime
10:04qui a été un régime
10:05qui a été un régime
10:07de la République.
10:09In fact, our mother took us outside of the house and we stayed in the compound.
10:19As we were outside waiting for those hearings and all kinds of things around us, they would
10:26I think in the end converge to our home.
10:33So we were sitting outside there and it's like, you know, a photographic memory of it, even
10:42as a kid.
11:02A close cousin of my mother sent, just by coincidence, sent a vehicle to our home to check on us.
11:14That's how we escaped.
11:16And in fact, as the vehicle came and parked in the compound near where we were, those who
11:22were across everywhere killing and looting and doing all kinds of things.
11:35It was clear, those who were staying in the country as second-rate citizens, they couldn't
11:45do anything to remedy the situation.
11:48So they accepted what happened to them.
12:00In the 60s, it was crucial.
12:03We killed my mother, my mother, with my two cousins.
12:07We killed my mother at the same time, at the same time, with my father, with his wife who was
12:15in the family.
12:27We killed my mother.
12:28We killed my mother, my mother, my foetus.
12:31We killed my mother.
12:36We killed my mother, Mmm-hmm.
12:40The 언�али had been killed by Herm0000, but they were dead by the only oned by the
12:43And we turned no way after that all of them.
12:54The Tutsi were hunted down and massacred between 1959 and 1963 20,000 people were killed
13:10Hundreds of thousands more fled to neighboring countries notably Uganda
13:21I was puzzled that we were living such a life and we had run away from our country and what
13:28happens?
13:30Do we accept to be refugees perpetually?
13:43In 1973 General Juvenal Javier Rimana took power in Rwanda
13:52Despite his promises to appease the country President Grégoire Kajibanda's former defense
13:58minister continued to enforce his discriminatory policies against the Tutsi
14:20The man was clever, a strategist and wanted to reinforce his positive image abroad
14:29This Francophile and great admirer of Charles de Gaulle seemed to be an approachable interlocutor
14:40Valérie Giscard d'Estaing and François Mitterrand after him got closer to Juvenal Javier Rimana
14:46In 1975 France signed its first military aid agreement
14:58For French diplomats the issue of Tutsi refugees abroad was never on the agenda
15:08During years, there were negotiations between these refugees and the regime of M. Abiyar Rimana
15:16for a return of the refugees, a return pacific
15:19And finally M. Abiyar Rimana refused this return, estimant that there was already too many in Rwanda
15:24and that there was no place for these refugees
15:27and this is now that was led by the idea of their refugees
15:30which had created a army army called the Front Patriotic Rwandan
15:45That's a real way our base was born
15:47People were saying no, we can't live like this forever
15:57Paul Kagame became a military leader at the age of 33.
16:03An austere and secretive man who lived side by side with his soldiers.
16:12The RPF, the Rwandan Patriotic Front, presented itself as a democratic political movement.
16:19It rejected, ethnicism, and its political project aimed at the return of Tutsi refugees to their country.
16:37The RPF, the Rwandan Patriotic Front, presented itself as a democratic political movement.
16:39The RPF, the Rwandan Patriotic Front, presented itself as a democratic political movement.
16:57The Rwandan Patriotic Front.
16:59The Rwandan Patriotic Front.
17:04Because they created a Pilate for their own country.
17:09And a precursor to our tradition to the Rwandan Patriotic Front.
17:23I was able to get the message out of the country.
17:28I was able to get the message out of the country.
17:35I was able to get the message out of the country.
17:39I was able to get the message out of the country.
17:45The Elysée receives a desperate call from the President Abiyarimana
17:50who, we know, exagere very strongly the military situation of Rwanda
17:58to ask a massive aid military.
18:06This aid military is obtained with the envoy, since the 4th October,
18:11of two combat companies to solve the situation of Rwanda.
18:19France had chosen its side,
18:21that of President Javier Riemann's Houto regime against Paul Kagama's RPF.
18:27The French government launched Operation Roi,
18:31hundreds of red barrets, legionnaires and officers
18:34of the National Gendarmerie Intervention Group
18:36came to the aid of the Rwandan armed forces.
18:45Who?
18:50Why such an energetic reaction for a small, poor, overpopulated country
18:55with no resources?
19:00I am the General Jean Varret, General of the Army Corps,
19:04and I started my career in 1959 in the war in Algeria.
19:14President Mitterrand made a tour in Africa,
19:17so I was charged to verify that the security of the President was good.
19:24President Mitterrand and President Mitterrand
19:25and President Mitterrand met me in front of the head,
19:26and he told me that I want to fight against the presence of the Americans
19:32in Africa, the Anglo-Saxons in Africa.
19:34And for that, I need a voice to the ONU.
19:36And all the countries of the region,
19:39the ex-colonial countries, and large countries,
19:44are there to vote for me.
19:46And the force of France, in the ONU,
19:48against the Americans, we have it thanks to Africa.
20:04Kagame, he, was a product of Anglo-Saxons.
20:07It is true that Kagame was trained in the United States
20:10and that he was equipped by Anglo-Saxons.
20:14So if Kagame took the power with the Tutsi,
20:19against the Hutus,
20:20and it was a country that was brought in the Anglo-Saxons orbit.
20:30The FR is become the existing enemy of the Biarrimana regime,
20:35but also the enemy of France.
20:45The French government and the Armed Forces General Staff pursued President François
20:51Mitterrand's African policy, that of defending the French-speaking world. Officially, France
20:58was helping an ally, a regime that had fallen victim to external aggression. In Rwanda,
21:04the President and friend of the French government, continued his scapegoating. He relied on extremist,
21:11hate-mongering media.
21:34In the spring 1990, he published an Appel to the Conscience of Hutus, which is extremely
21:41racist, which asks Hutus to be together against the Tutsis. And even worse, it's the
21:48Ten Commandments of Hutus, a sort of prophetic text, where we read, for example, that
21:55Hutus must know that the Tutsis woman is working at the solde of her ethnicity. And we have
22:02other texts of the same genre, for example, that the armed forces have to be exclusively Hutus.
22:08Aucun military cannot marry a Tutsi.
22:17In this famous number 6, there is a photograph of François Mitterrand, a real friend of Rwanda. So,
22:23we are going to caution all these calls to hate by François Mitterrand in person.
22:43The good relations between the French and the Rwandan presidents were accompanied by
22:48increasingly intense military cooperation. It began with training of the Rwandan officers.
22:54It continued with the delivery of weapons.
22:59The Chief of Major is a Hutu very aggressive. He asks me to assist me to a meeting
23:07to make the point on the French military cooperation. He asks me,
23:12I need an emergency, a gunner, a gunner, a gunner.
23:20I said, but the gendarmerie doesn't need that. I'm ready to give you
23:24gas lacrymogène, masks and bâtons to maintain the order,
23:30because it's your mission. But,
23:32as you asked me, I said, no.
23:35He asked me, this question, it's very simple,
23:38we need to participate in the destruction of all the Tutsis.
23:44I said, what do you mean, the destruction of all the Tutsis?
23:49He said, we're going to eliminate all the women, the children, the vieillards,
23:53all.
23:54I said, ah, really?
23:55And in front of my emergency, he said,
23:58this will soon be done, they're not very many.
24:02Then, I was horrified.
24:04I called the ambassador.
24:06I said, I want to see Abiyarimana.
24:13I went to his residence, Abiyarimana me a little surprised.
24:18And, he was furious, I said, here's what I've learned.
24:21He took an air surprised and said,
24:23he told me, he told me, this bitch?
24:26I said, yes.
24:27I'm going to leave him.
24:32I didn't know if he was furious,
24:34because he had revealed a secret.
24:37Or, if he was furious,
24:39because he learned that it was the intention of the gendarmerie.
24:44I don't know.
24:45But it's always that he didn't have the idea of it.
24:51Despite General Jean Varré's warnings at the highest level,
24:55the French government continued its military collaboration
24:58and unfailing support for President Chouvenal Abiyarimana.
25:20On me demande d'aller constater des violations de droits humains
25:23qui ont été commises contre un groupe particulier de Tutsis
25:26que l'on appelle les Bagogwe,
25:28qui vivent sur les pentes des volcans dans le nord du pays.
25:36C'était vraiment des paysans aux pieds nus sur les collines.
25:40Et ces gens ont été massacrés.
25:44Enfin, tous les hommes, en tout cas.
25:45Ce sont 2000 hommes qui ont été massacrés.
25:52Nous avons été menés à plusieurs sites de fosses communes
25:57par des témoins dans toute cette région du nord-ouest du pays.
26:02Et l'un de ces sites, c'était le jardin d'un bourgmestre.
26:06Alors, le bourgmestre, c'est le maire en France.
26:10Ils avaient retenu le terme belge pour désigner celui qui dirige la commune.
26:14Nous arrivons avec notre équipe de spéléologues dans ce jardin
26:18et on se met à creuser à l'endroit qui nous est indiqué.
26:28Et c'était compliqué, effectivement, parce que cette fosse
26:31se trouvait à une profondeur très importante
26:33et avait été vraiment dissimulée.
26:37On arrive à creuser deux mètres sous terre.
26:40Il n'y a rien, sauf, à un moment donné, tout de même, une odeur.
27:12Le bourgmestre est resté impassible comme de nombreux clients.
27:16Les criminels restent impassibles lorsque l'on démasque les pires de leurs crimes.
27:22Ils le savent très bien, ils avaient vécu les choses.
27:37Invité de notre journal Jean Carbonard, vous venez de faire partie d'une mission
27:41de la Fédération internationale des droits de l'homme qui a passé environ 15 jours au Rwanda.
27:45Vous venez juste de rentrer.
27:46Vous avez d'autres témoignages à donner sur ces violations de droits de l'homme assez terribles.
27:51Oui, ce qui nous a beaucoup frappés au Rwanda, c'est à la fois l'ampleur de ces violations,
27:57la systématisation, l'organisation même de ces massacres,
28:01parce qu'on a parlé d'affrontements ethniques,
28:04mais en réalité, il s'agit de beaucoup plus que d'affrontements ethniques.
28:08C'est une politique organisée que nous avons pu vérifier malheureusement
28:14parce que nous avons vu des centaines de témoins et des fosses
28:19comme celles que vous avez vues, il y en a pratiquement dans presque tous les villages.
28:35En mars 1993, lorsqu'on publie notre rapport, on va qualifier ces crimes de crimes de génocide.
28:42Pourquoi ? Parce qu'il y avait eu une véritable volonté d'extermination de cette communauté
28:49à cet endroit-là en 1991.
28:52Elle avait répété en position de guerrement de Phrases.
28:52.
28:58En déjeuner à une affaire d'affaires du front du Front de Phrases,
29:02plus de 2,000 Bagoghwe Tutsis seuls,
29:06selon les ordres militaires et militaires.
29:16J'ai avéré, au fin de 1990,
29:19that there was in the head of military responsables
29:23the idea of a general massacre.
29:26But in all the meetings that followed,
29:28meetings of crisis, etc.,
29:30I said every time the same thing.
29:32When they asked me to increase the military aid there,
29:36to send more cartridges,
29:38to send more obus,
29:39I stopped saying they had to be the objective
29:43of mass mass mass.
29:45And little by little,
29:47I was the murderer.
29:50I was not at all in the movement
29:54which consisted of helping,
29:57in closing the eyes,
29:59to Biarrimana and the Hutus.
30:04These alerts have been received by the Elysée.
30:07So this knowledge exists in real time
30:11and is rejected by the Elysée.
30:15Why?
30:16First of all,
30:17because it would require the Elysée
30:20a certain recognition of error.
30:22It is to say that the regime of Biarrimana
30:24is not the one imagined one.
30:27So it poses a problem,
30:29especially at the Elysée,
30:31because the regime appears as particularly odious
30:34and it is necessary to establish
30:35a very classic schéma on Africa,
30:38a very appreciative, very racist,
30:39in fact of Africa.
30:40It is to say,
30:41that Africa is a country of tribes
30:43who is war.
30:46The Rwanda
30:47or the affrontements
30:48between tribes rival
30:49have made at least 80 victims
30:51for one week only.
30:52The interethnics
30:54very violent,
30:55repris.
30:55And nothing has allowed
30:56for the moment
30:57to stop the massacres
30:59between the two ethnicities
31:00of the country.
31:11We are in a form of racism
31:15latent
31:15vis-à-vis
31:17of Africa,
31:17black and black.
31:18That 1,000 Tutsis
31:20disappear from there
31:21is not very serious,
31:22it is a little inevitable.
31:24And so,
31:26when we take the alarm,
31:28there is nothing to happen.
31:43After seeing the massacres
31:47of the nationalities
31:48we could say
31:49that it was still
31:51prepared
31:51for the mentalities.
31:55The politicians
31:57who incited
31:58to this kind of massacre
32:01would say
32:01why would they not have
32:03started?
32:04Why would they not have
32:07increased the thing?
32:17Why would they not have
32:18After a year and a half
32:19of conflict
32:20and despite the French
32:21support,
32:22the Rwandan army
32:23was still unable
32:24to defeat the RPF.
32:28So President
32:29Javier Rimana
32:30defined his war aims.
32:32Mr. Javier Rimana
32:33wanted,
32:35literally,
32:36to conceptualize
32:38the enemy.
32:38And he had
32:39charged the army
32:40to do it.
32:44It is a document
32:45from the Rwandaise Republic,
32:48Minister of the National Defense
32:49and Army Rwandaise.
32:51It is classified secret
32:55and it is defined
32:57the enemy.
33:00The main enemy
33:02and the Tutsi
33:04of the interior
33:05or the exterior
33:09extremist
33:10and nostalgic
33:11of power
33:12who has never recognized
33:15and does not yet recognize
33:16the realities
33:19of the social revolution
33:21of 1959.
33:23This document
33:24is a document
33:24that will be
33:25fundamental
33:26in the structure
33:27of the ideology
33:28of the genocide.
33:29There were
33:30the famous
33:3110 commandments
33:32of Ba'utu
33:33which were
33:34extremely important
33:36first.
33:36The definition
33:37of the enemy
33:37will be
33:38the second
33:39one.
33:44The definition
33:45of the Tutsi
33:46as the enemy
33:46becomes
33:47the genocidal
33:48ideology.
33:52The countdown
33:53to the worst-case
33:54scenario
33:54which had started
33:56developing
33:56in 1959
33:58accelerated.
34:00Richard Mugenzi
34:01was recruited
34:02by the
34:03Rwandaise
34:03Rwandaise
34:05to become
34:05a sort
34:06of radio
34:07to intercept
34:09radio communications
34:09from the Rwandaise
34:11Patriotic Front.
34:12That's where
34:13things are complicated.
34:14We have begun
34:16to organize
34:18some
34:20scenes.
34:21We should
34:23compose
34:24a text
34:25and distribute
34:26everywhere.
34:29The Tutsi
34:30who are
34:31in the country
34:32envoie
34:32their children
34:34to the FPR.
34:35and
34:42I see
34:43the impact
34:44of this
34:45message
34:45on you.
34:46is
34:58the
34:59Tutsi
35:00to
35:01the
35:01Rwandaise
35:02and
35:02people
35:02to
35:03Tutsi
35:04and
35:04the
35:05Rwandaise
35:06and
35:06the
35:06Tutsi
35:06were
35:07in the
35:07Rwandaise
35:07and
35:07the
35:08Tutsi
35:19This method is called the Black Propaganda.
35:22That is, we will invent the so-called messages to the enemy
35:26that will serve the targets of the war.
35:29In total, we can estimate that Richard Mogenzie
35:33produced about 8500 messages,
35:35which a very large part are false messages.
35:44This information can be used to manipulate
35:47a population's collective imagination.
35:50Thus, the Tutsi of Rwanda would all be accomplices
35:54of the Rwandan Patriotic Front.
35:58The Rwandan Armed Forces under President Habiyarimana
36:02used this method to warm people's spirits.
36:06This message helped to enlist the Hutu's civilian population.
36:20President Habiyarimana's party recruited its young members
36:24mainly from football fans.
36:27Trained in dance, physical feats and parades,
36:31they became a youth movement
36:33flattered by its proximity to political power.
37:01This youth movement became a militia, the Interahamwe.
37:06of the Hutu.
37:06Those who attacked together.
37:09They were imbued with Hutu racial ideology.
37:21.
37:22I was born in the city of Ranaeza,
37:24and I was born in the city of Ranaeza.
37:28I was born in the city of Ranaeza.
37:31I was born in the city of Ranaeza.
37:40The society was part of the work that was built.
37:47They had a place, they had a role,
37:49and they were considered as men who, up until then,
37:53looked up.
37:57It's like a promotion.
38:09When I was born in the city of Ranaeza,
38:15I was born in the city of Ranaeza.
38:19When I was born in the city of Ranaeza,
38:19I would like to also know that
38:20the music is a big one.
38:22It's because the music was born.
38:25What am I in the city of Ranaeza,
38:28is when I got there,
38:29found a very dark note,
38:33and took a lot of¯
38:40for people in Ranaeza.
38:42Should we step back all the way around?
38:43We turned it to the world.
38:45Did you commit the ability to give them
38:46withrian lessons,
38:46A gardener is a guitarquent.
39:07In Kigali, supporters of ethnic nationalism formed a radically racist political movement.
39:18It was to become Hutu power.
39:26At the top of the state, a clan had already seized power.
39:49I was at the head of the office of the information office, who managed journalists.
39:56I saw reports, I saw personalities, I saw people in the government name.
40:03And the president didn't know the public aspects, but the reality of the power.
40:12He had fallen from the hands of the president to the hands of Ms. Agathe Abzarimana and his family.
40:27C'était cette famille-là qui était au poste.
40:38Agathe Abzarimana, la première dame, elle est extrêmement virulente contre les Tutsis.
40:49Elle tisse son réseau auprès des personnages les plus importants.
40:54Le chef d'état-major opérationnel des gendarmes, le chef du renseignement militaire,
40:58et donc toute une série de gens qui jouent un rôle important, y compris les intellectuels.
41:06Le chef d'avis, a reçu, a reçu, L'Homme.
41:07Le chef d'âme est au point de vue de la première dame,
41:10Le chef d'âme, la mère saison de la première dame à la rivière.
41:19La première dame est une forte forte, la première dame de l'âme membre de l'âme membre de l
41:24'âme membre de l'âme,
41:24et elle a pris sa Blizzard.
41:27La même dame, c'était la première dame de la rivière.
41:30Ce n'est pas deux heures...
41:37RTLM, Radio Television Libre de Mille Collines, was Rwanda's first private radio station.
41:44As soon as it was founded, thousands of transistors were spread across the country's villages.
42:03I think it's more safe to be afraid that the idea remains still alive.
42:14Whether in French or in Kinjawanda, RTLM's journalists used every pretext to stir up hatred.
42:22They're going to create a radio on the channels where they can say everything they want.
42:29That's it, the radio. It's really the tool of combat against extremists.
42:52People watch the RTLM because it's joy.
42:56It's called a nice radio radio.
42:59They've been able to select the training music from Congo.
43:05It's a radio that we listen to.
43:12The radio is a performance, cost-free radio.
43:18It needs to be an equivalent of a million euros today.
43:42Ferdinand Naimana and academic Ferdinand Naimana were both members of Akatsu.
43:50They were the masterminds behind this new popular propaganda tool.
44:05A woman played a key role at Radio d'Emile Colline.
44:12Valérie Bémeriqui was the star journalist on the airwaves.
44:16She was the voice of hatred.
44:48I would like to learn the ideology that I would like to learn about the ideology that I would like
44:58to learn.
45:04How did you learn the ideology?
45:08Yes, I did.
45:24The massacres of Tutsis increased and the Rwandan Patriotic Front was then supported
45:30by part of the Hutu opposition, which wanted peace.
45:35The UN and Rwanda's neighbouring countries tried then to put an end to the war.
45:42President Juvenal Habiarimana was forced to negotiate with his enemy, the RPF.
45:51Under pressure and after a year of negotiations, he signed peace agreements that would lead
45:57to the sharing of power between the RPF and the Hutu opposition political parties.
46:07To secure these agreements, UNAMIYA, a United Nations mission force, was deployed in Rwanda.
46:17The Rwanda's Accords demand peace, meaning to end the war, to join the two armies in war,
46:26and then to share the power.
46:51The Hutu power extremists knew.
46:54President Habijarimana had signed an agreement that condemned them.
47:02Colonel Teonest Bagosora was a member of the Akatsu.
47:06A close friend of the First Lady, he was a graduate of the French School of Warfare.
47:29The Honest Bagosora had been preparing this prophecy for many years.
47:35In his diary of February 1993, he noted in his own handwriting that the military police must be able to
47:44train the militias.
47:47The Colonel also refers to an order of 2,000 Kalashnikov rifles for the towns and villages.
47:56Teonest Bagosora was nicknamed Colonel Apocalypse.
48:16The H взhrung of the Winter
48:17The Havra was nicknamed 31,000 Kalashnikov
48:17A USAR
48:17I was largely on the real side, the French, and the Gulf.
48:24The Spanish, understanding the French, the French, the food by the British, the French, the French, the French, the French,
48:29the French and the French.
48:31It is the general place in the country.
48:36I was in the early days of the city of France.
48:43He told me to speak to the president of the country,
48:49he was born in the country and the country.
48:55He could not have a chance to rest his life.
49:21Shortly before 8.30 p.m. on April 6, 1994,
49:26as the Falcon began its descent towards Kigali,
49:30two missiles pierced the darkness.
49:34President Habiyarimana's plane and its French crew
49:37crashed into the gardens of his own residence.
50:00A few hours later, shooting in the streets of Kigali.
50:12President Habiyarimana's plane
50:14We told us about 22h,
50:16we told us that the President's plane was destroyed.
50:21The morning morning, the chief of operations told us
50:25that the FPR had destroyed the plane.
50:30I had to write it like this.
50:33And then, when it was on the radio, it was spread everywhere.
50:38It was a big deal, and it was a big deal.
50:46We started to kill people.
50:55We started to fight them all.
51:01The attack on the president's plane, responsibility for which was never claimed, was the final
51:08stage in the planning of the genocide.
51:11The last event before the extermination of the Tutsi.
51:19A memo from the French intelligence service named the Rwandan Armed Forces, and in particular
51:25Colonel Bagosora, as the masterminds behind the attack.
51:34A government composed of Hutu power extremists, officially took office on April 9th.
51:41These people who hit the plane had succeeded in the game, because they wanted that the genocide
51:50begins.
51:57For 100 days, the Tutsi were systematically hunted down and killed like animals.
52:04At roadblocks, killers used identity cards to identify their targets.
52:1610,000 deaths a day in silence and indifference.
52:28In July 1994, Paul Kagame and the Tutsi rebels of the RPF put an end to the genocide and
52:36took Kigali.
52:52The international community abandoned the Tutsi to their executioners in a terrifying closed-door
53:00situation.
53:00Three months after the genocide began, one million dead later, France launched a so-called
53:08humanitarian operation.
53:10The Tutsi was created by Alain Juppé and Edouard Balladur in a humanitarian perspective.
53:18But in fact, the Elysée has the opportunity to implement in this turquoise operation an
53:27attack of the FPR.
53:28The FPR.
53:48France pursued its policy of supporting and protecting the Hutu government, its historical
53:54ally.
53:55It allowed the losing Rwandan armed forces, the militia and the extremist government to flee.
54:0630,000 of them crossed the Rwandan border into neighbouring Congo.
54:19In the early days of the genocide, Agatha Habiyarimana and her family were exfiltrated by the French
54:27army.
54:28Like about a hundred alleged genocide heirs, the president's widow still resides in France.
54:3730 years later, France acknowledged its heavy responsibility in the Tutsi genocide in Rwanda.
54:46Many of those responsible have been tried and convicted.
54:50Others are still free.
54:56The victims in Rwanda continue to demand justice.
55:27When the rescue is committed, most likely to be committed.
55:59Transcription by CastingWords
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