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00:27Siblings,
00:29In this section we will see the final moments of Jesus' life as narrated by Mark.
00:35And I'll share an important detail with you.
00:38God willing,
00:40We will look at the four narratives of the passion and death of Jesus in a separate module.
00:47So, at this time, we won't dedicate much time to them.
00:51but only the one indispensable for understanding Marcos's vision.
00:57For the evangelist, the passion and death of Jesus are the key to understanding
01:02the Christological claims that were made from the beginning.
01:09Accounts of dispute in Jerusalem
01:13We recall that Mark had already presented us with a series of disputes between Jesus and some groups
01:20during his stay in Galilee.
01:23Now he offers us a second series of disputes in Jerusalem with the temple authorities.
01:30Apparently, Jesus' entry into Jerusalem, with a certain triumphant tone,
01:37This will be the beginning of a series of events that will hasten the condemnation and crucifixion of Jesus at the hands of the
01:45Romans.
01:47These disputes take a new turn when Jesus expels the people from the temple in Jerusalem.
01:55From a Jewish perspective,
01:58Only the king of the David dynasty had authority over the temple as his own possession.
02:04Let us remember that according to the view of the Deuteronomistic writers of Samuel and Kings,
02:12David created the environment that allowed Solomon to build and consecrate the temple in Jerusalem.
02:21Thus, when Jesus ran to the people who were buying and selling in the temple,
02:28He was implying that he assumed his status as heir of David or Messiah.
02:35This vision is anticipated in the fact that the authorities of Jerusalem and the temple
02:42They would like to know where or who gave Jesus the authority to act the way he did.
02:51When Jesus answers, he does not say that it is God who has given him such power and authority,
02:58But he reminds the Jewish authorities that the same one who had given John the mission to baptize
03:05It is the same one that authorized him to take possession of Jerusalem, the temple and its sacred institutions.
03:15It is in this context that Jesus offers the parable of the murderous tenants,
03:21to remind the Jewish authorities that God never gave it to them as his own property
03:29the institutions of Israel, but he entrusted the good of the people and their gifts to their care.
03:37However, the authorities had assumed that they were the rightful owners.
03:45of how much God had given to Israel.
03:48That is why they were able to take the son of the vineyard owner to kill him outside the city.
03:56But it wasn't only the chief priests, scribes, and other members of the Sanhedrin who attacked Jesus,
04:04Mark again presents the Pharisees and Herodians as conspiring together, wanting to know Jesus' opinion.
04:14about paying tribute to Caesar.
04:17In response, Jesus tells them to return their coins to Caesar.
04:22But let it be remembered that man, created in the image of God, owes everything to his Creator and Lord.
04:31Next, we are shown the Sadducees arguing with Jesus.
04:36on the possibility or not of the resurrection of the dead.
04:42They present Jesus with a problem related to marriage,
04:48because the law of the evirate obliged a brother to take the widow
04:52to give offspring to a brother who died before becoming a father and having his own offspring.
05:01They speak of seven brothers, all of whom die without leaving any descendants.
05:06So who will be that woman's legitimate husband?
05:10Jesus replies that death is the worst enemy that man faces.
05:16However, God is more powerful than death,
05:20For God, all men and women live by His strength and saving power.
05:28Next comes Jesus' discussion with a willing scribe
05:34who wants to know which of the 613 commandments they considered required by God
05:41It is the first in order of importance.
05:44Jesus tells him that he repeats the first one daily,
05:49to love God above all things, with all that is in the human being.
05:55But, without anyone asking him for an extension,
05:59Jesus adds that there is a second commandment,
06:02which cannot be overlooked or ignored,
06:06to love your neighbor as you love and want yourself.
06:14Eschatological discourse
06:15Before concluding chapter 12,
06:18Jesus reminds the people that the teachings of the scribes regarding the Messiah
06:24He is considered the son of David.
06:27Jesus tells them that the Messiah is much more than just a descendant of David,
06:33because David himself calls him Lord.
06:36The Messiah that God has given us is his own son.
06:42In the eschatological discourse, Jesus speaks of the destruction of the temple,
06:48from the end of the world,
06:50of the destruction of Jerusalem and the glorious coming of the Son of Man.
06:55In the time of Jesus,
06:57Apocalypticism was a vision about the end of the world
07:01which were defended and disseminated by various Jewish groups.
07:05Many of them held dualistic views,
07:10that is to say,
07:11They thought there was a bad beginning and a good beginning.
07:15The bad guy was the devil or Satan,
07:19And God was good.
07:21The Essenes of Qumran thought that in the end
07:25There would be a battle of cosmic proportions
07:28in which the forces of evil would fight to the death
07:32against God and his angels.
07:34In this struggle,
07:36after many battles,
07:38God would have the ultimate triumph over the demons.
07:42Satan,
07:43the forces of evil,
07:45death,
07:46and as a reward for their loyal fighters,
07:48He would grant them an inheritance that would be eternal life,
07:53or at least a life without pain,
07:56suffering,
07:58battles,
07:59disease,
08:00and death.
08:01Jesus is not a supporter of apocalypticism,
08:04although it does talk about the end of the world
08:07and of the final moments of history,
08:10both human and cosmic.
08:13Jesus doesn't propose dates,
08:15He doesn't talk about battles,
08:16but it only says that at the end of time
08:20He thought that very soon
08:22He would return to bring the kingdom of God to the world.
08:28Institution of the Eucharist
08:31There are four texts in the New Testament
08:34who have transmitted to us the institution of the Eucharist.
08:37From the Gospel texts,
08:40The most archaic one is that of Marcos.
08:43It is a liturgical text
08:45that by removing all the details of the Jewish dinner,
08:49has preserved only in concise form
08:53the essentials of Jesus's last supper.
08:56It is a text of Palestinian origin
08:59that transmits the traditions
09:01of the communities of Jerusalem.
09:04The disciples sensed something in Jesus' words.
09:08that something is going to happen.
09:10Peter, impetuous,
09:13He assures her that he will always be faithful to her.
09:15But Jesus replies that he will deny it.
09:19At Jesus' announcement,
09:21Pedro intervenes presumptuously
09:23decisive and self-sufficient,
09:26stating that nothing will prevent him from being by her side.
09:30But Jesus tells him
09:31who will not only deny it,
09:34but it will do it three times.
09:38Thank you!
09:48Thank you!
09:50Thank you!
09:52Thank you!